CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 40Paleontology and Evolutionary BiologyPaleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsEvolution and Paleontology Studies

The systematics of the Mongolepidida (Chondrichthyes) and the Ordovician origins of the clade

Open access
Andreev, Plamen, Coates, Michael I., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, Valentina, Shelton, Richard M., Cooper, Paul R., Wang, Nian-Zhong, Sansom, Ivan J.·2016·PeerJ
DOI 10.7717/peerj.1850PMC PMC4918221
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Mongolepidida is an Order of putative early chondrichthyan fish, originally erected to unite taxa from the Lower Silurian of Mongolia. The present study reassesses mongolepid systematics through the examination of the developmental, histological and morphological characteristics of scale-based specimens from the Upper Ordovician Harding Sandstone (Colorado, USA) and the Upper Llandovery–Lower Wenlock Yimugantawu (Tarim Basin, China), Xiushan (Guizhou Province, China) and Chargat (north-western Mongolia) Formations. The inclusion of the Mongolepidida within the Class Chondrichthyes is supported on the basis of a suite of scale attributes (areal odontode deposition, linear odontocomplex structure and lack of enamel, cancellous bone and hard-tissue resorption) shared with traditionally recognized chondrichthyans (euchondrichthyans, e.g., ctenacanthiforms). The mongolepid dermal skeleton exhibits a rare type of atubular dentine (lamellin) that is regarded as one of the diagnostic features of the Order within crown gnathostomes. The previously erected Mongolepididae and Shiqianolepidae families are revised, differentiated by scale-base histology and expanded to include the genera Rongolepis and Xinjiangichthys , respectively. A newly described mongolepid species ( Solinalepis levis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Ordovician of North America is treated as family incertae sedis , as it possesses a type of basal bone tissue (acellular and vascular) that has yet to be documented in other mongolepids. This study extends the stratigraphic and palaeogeographic range of Mongolepidida and adds further evidence for an early diversification of the Chondrichthyes in the Ordovician Period, 50 million years prior to the first recorded appearance of euchondrichthyan teeth in the Lower Devonian.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.7717/peerj.1850

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 73

  1. Allard B Magloire H Couble ML Maurin JC Bleicher F 2006 Voltage-gated sodium channels confer excitability to human odontoblasts Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 29002 29010 10.1074/jbc.M601020200 16831873 · DOI
  2. Andreev PS Coates MI Karatajūtė-Talimaa V Shelton RM Cooper PR Sansom IJ Elegestolepis and its kin, the earliest monodontode chondrichthyans Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology In Press
  3. Andreev PS Coates MI Shelton RM Cooper PR Smith MP Sansom IJ 2015 Upper ordovician chondrichthyan-like scales from North America Palaeontology 58 691 704 10.1111/pala.12167 · DOI
  4. Botella H Donoghue P Martínez-Pérez C 2009 Enameloid microstructure in the oldest known chondrichthyan teeth Acta Zoologica 90 103 108 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x · DOI
  5. Brazeau MD 2009 The braincase and jaws of a Devonian ‘acanthodian’ and modern gnathostome origins Nature 457 305 308 10.1038/nature07436 19148098 · DOI
  6. Brazeau MD 2012 A revision of the anatomy of the Early Devonian jawed vertebrate Ptomacanthus anglicus miles Palaeontology 55 355 367 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01130.x · DOI
  7. Burrow CJ 2003 Redescription of the gnathostome fish fauna from the mid-palaeozoic silverband formation, the grampians, victoria Alcheringa 27 37 49 10.1080/03115510308619543 · DOI
  8. Burrow CJ Turner S 1998 Devonian placoderm scales from Australia Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 677 695 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011097 · DOI
  9. Burrow CJ Turner S 1999 A review of placoderm scales, and their significance in placoderm phylogeny Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 204 219 10.1080/02724634.1999.10011135 · DOI
  10. Burrow CJ Turner S 2013 Scale structure of putative chondrichthyan Gladbachus adentatus Heidtke & Krätschmer, 2001 from the middle devonian rheinisches schiefergebirge, germany Historical Biology 25 385 390 10.1080/08912963.2012.722761 · DOI
  11. Coates M Sequeira S 2001 A new stethacanthid chondrichthyan from the lower Carboniferous of Bearsden, Scotland Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 438 459 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0438:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  12. Davis SP Finarelli JA Coates MI 2012 Acanthodesand shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes Nature 486 247 250 10.1038/nature11080 22699617 · DOI
  13. Dick JR 1981 Diplodoselache woodi gen. et sp. nov., an early carboniferous shark from the Midland Valley of Scotland Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 72 99 113 10.1017/S0263593300009937 · DOI
  14. Dong XIP Donoghue PCJ Repetski JE 2005 Basal tissue structure in the earliest euconodonts: testing hypotheses of developmental plasticity in euconodont phylogeny Palaeontology 48 411 421 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00452.x · DOI
  15. Donoghue P 1998 Growth and patterning in the conodont skeleton Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 353 633 666 10.1098/rstb.1998.0231 · DOI
  16. Donoghue PCJ Sansom IJ 2002 Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization Microscopy Research and Technique 59 352 372 10.1002/jemt.10217 12430166 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Downs JP Donoghue PC 2009 Skeletal histology of Bothriolepis canadensis (Placodermi, Antiarchi) and evolution of the skeleton at the origin of jawed vertebrates Journal of Morphology 270 1364 1380 10.1002/jmor.10765 19533688 · DOI
  18. Gemballa S Bartsch P 2002 Architecture of the integument in lower teleostomes: Functional morphology and evolutionary implications Journal of Morphology 253 290 309 10.1002/jmor.10007 12125067 · DOI
  19. Giles S Friedman M Brazeau MD 2015 Osteichthyan-like cranial conditions in an Early Devonian stem gnathostome Nature 520 82 85 10.1038/nature14065 25581798 PMC5536226 · DOI
  20. Goloboff PA Farris JS Nixon KC 2008 TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis Cladistics 24 774 786 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x · DOI · Paper page
  21. Grogan ED Lund R 2008 A basal elasmobranch, Thrinacoselache gracia n. gen and sp., (Thrinacodontidae, new family) from the bear gulch Limestone, Serpukhovian of Montana, USA Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 970 988 10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.970 · DOI
  22. Gross W 1953 Devonische Palaeonisciden-Reste in Mittel-und Osteuropa Paläontologische Zeitschrift 27 85 112 10.1007/BF03041836 · DOI
  23. Gross W 1968 Fragliche actinopterygier-schuppen aus dem silur Gotlands Lethaia 1 184 218 10.1111/j.1502-3931.1968.tb01736.x · DOI
  24. Johanson Z Smith MM Joss JMP 2007 Early scale development in Heterodontus (Heterodontiformes; Chondrichthyes): a novel chondrichthyan scale pattern Acta Zoologica 88 249 256 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00276.x · DOI
  25. Johanson Z Tanaka M Chaplin N Smith M 2008 Early Palaeozoic dentine and patterned scales in the embryonic catshark tail Biology Letters 4 87 90 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0502 18055413 PMC2413265 · DOI
  26. Karatajūtė-Talimaa V Predtechenskyj N 1995 The distribution of the vertebrates in the Late Ordovician and Early Silurian palaeobasins of the Siberian Platform Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 17 39 55
  27. Karatajūtė-Talimaa VN Smith MM 2003 Early acanthodians from the Lower Silurian of Asia Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 93 277 299
  28. Kerr T 1952 The scales of primitive living actinopterygians Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 122 55 78 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1952.tb06313.x · DOI
  29. Kerr T 1955 The scales of modern lungfish Proceedings of theZoological Society of London 125 335 345
  30. Klug C Kroeger B Kiessling W Mullins GL Servais T Frýda J Korn D Turner S 2010 The Devonian nekton revolution Lethaia 43 465 477 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00206.x · DOI · Paper page
  31. Linde A 1989 Dentin matrix proteins: composition and possible functions in calcification The Anatomical Record 224 154 166 10.1002/ar.1092240206 2672882 · DOI
  32. Linde A Lundgren T 1995 From serum to the mineral phase. the role of the odontoblast in calcium transport and mineral formation International Journal of Developmental Biology 39 213 213 7626409
  33. Lund R Grogan ED 1997 Relationships of the Chimaeriformes and the basal radiation of the Chondrichthyes Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7 65 123 10.1023/A:1018471324332 · DOI
  34. Magloire H Couble ML Romeas A Bleicher F 2004 Odontoblast primary cilia: facts and hypotheses Cell Biology International 28 93 99 10.1016/j.cellbi.2003.11.006 14984754 · DOI
  35. Magloire H Couble ML Thivichon-Prince B Maurin JC Bleicher F 2009 Odontoblast: a mechano-sensory cell Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 312 416 424 10.1002/jez.b.21264 19097166 · DOI
  36. Maisey J Miller R Turner S 2009 The braincase of the chondrichthyan Doliodus from the Lower Devonian Campbellton formation of New Brunswick, Canada Acta Zoologica 90 109 122 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00330.x · DOI
  37. Märss T Gagnier PY 2001 A new chondrichthyan from the Wenlock, Lower Silurian, of Baillie-Hamilton Island, the Canadian Arctic Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21 693 701 10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0693:ANCFTW]2.0.CO;2 · DOI
  38. Martínez-Pèrez C Dupret V Manzanares E Botella H 2010 New data on the Lower Devonian chondrichthyan fauna from Celtiberia (Spain) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 1622 1627 10.1080/02724634.2010.501451 · DOI
  39. Miles RS 1973 Articulated acanthodian fishes from the Old Red Sandstone of England, with a review of the structure and evolution of the acanthodian shoulder-girdle Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 24 111 213
  40. Miller RF Cloutier R Turner S 2003 The oldest articulated chondrichthyan from the Early devonian period Nature 425 501 504 10.1038/nature02001 14523444 · DOI
  41. Miyake T Vaglia JL Taylor LH Hall BK 1999 Development of dermal denticles in skates (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea): patterning and cellular differentiation Journal of Morphology 241 61 81 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199907)241:1¡61::AID-JMOR4¿3.0.CO;2-S 10398324 · DOI
  42. Murdock DJ Dong X-P Repetski JE Marone F Stampanoni M Donoghue PC 2013 The origin of conodonts and of vertebrate mineralized skeletons Nature 502 546 549 10.1038/nature12645 24132236 · DOI
  43. Okumura R Shima K Muramatsu T Nakagawa K Shimono M Suzuki T Magloire H Shibukawa Y 2005 The odontoblast as a sensory receptor cell? The expression of TRPV1 (VR-1) channels Archives of Histology and Cytology 68 251 257 10.1679/aohc.68.251 16477145 · DOI
  44. Pradel A Maisey JG Tafforeau P Mapes RH Mallatt J 2014 A palaeozoic shark with osteichthyan-like branchial arches Nature 509 608 611 10.1038/nature13195 24739974 · DOI
  45. Reif WE 1978 Types of morphogenesis of the dermal skeleton in fossil sharks Paläontologische Zeitschrift 52 110 128 10.1007/BF03006733 · DOI
  46. Reif WE 1980 Development of dentition and dermal skeleton in embryonic Scyliorhinus canicula Journal of Morphology 166 275 288 10.1002/jmor.1051660303 7441762 · DOI
  47. Sansom IJ 1996 Pseudooneotodus: a histological study of an Ordovician to Devonian vertebrate lineage Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 118 47 57 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb01261.x · DOI
  48. Sansom IJ Aldridge R Smith M 2000 A microvertebrate fauna from the Llandovery of South China Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 90 255 272 10.1017/S0263593300002595 · DOI
  49. Sansom IJ Davies NS Coates MI Nicoll RS Ritchie A 2012 Chondrichthyan-like scales from the Middle Ordovician of Australia Palaeontology 55 243 247 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01127.x · DOI
  50. Sansom IJ Smith MM Smith MP 1996 Scales of thelodont and shark-like fishes from the ordovician of colorado Nature 379 628 630 10.1038/379628a0 · DOI
  51. Sansom IJ Smith MM Smith MP 2001 The ordovician radiation of vertebrates Ahlberg E Major events in early vertebrate evolution, systematics association special volume London and New York Taylor & Francis 156 171
  52. Sansom IJ Wang NZ Smith M 2005 The histology and affinities of sinacanthid fishes: primitive gnathostomes from the Silurian of China Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 144 379 386 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00171.x · DOI
  53. Sasagawa I 1995 Evidence of two types of odontoblasts during dentinogenesis in Elasmobranchs Connective Tissue Research 33 223 229 10.3109/03008209509017007 7554958 · DOI
  54. Schaumberg G 1982 Hopleacanthus richelsdorfensis n. g. n. sp., ein Euselachier aus dem permischen Kupferschiefer von Hessen (W-Deutschland) Paläontologische Zeitschrift 56 235 257 10.1007/BF02988801 · DOI
  55. Schmidt WJ Keil A 1971 Polarizing microscopy of dental tissues Oxford Pergamon Press
  56. Schultze H-P 1968 Palaeoniscoidea-Schuppen aus dem Unterdevon Australiens und Kanadas und aus dem Mitteldevon Spitzbergens Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 16 343 368
  57. Sennikov N Rodina O Izokh N Obut O 2015 New data on silurian vertebrates of southern Siberia Palaeoworld 24 231 242 10.1016/j.palwor.2015.02.001 · DOI
  58. Servais T Owen AW Harper DA Kröger B Munnecke A 2010 The great ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE): the palaeoecological dimension Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 294 99 119 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.031 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Sire JY Development and fine structure of the bony scutes in Corydoras arcuatus (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) Journal of Morphology 1993 215 225 244 10.1002/jmor.1052150305 29865442 · DOI
  60. Sire JY 1994 Light and TEM study of nonregenerated and experimentally regenerated scales of Lepisosteus oculatus (Holostei) with particular attention to ganoine formation The Anatomical Record 240 189 207 10.1002/ar.1092400206 7992885 · DOI
  61. Sire JY Donoghue PCJ Vickaryous MK 2009 Origin and evolution of the integumentary skeleton in non-tetrapod vertebrates Journal of Anatomy 214 409 440 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01046.x 19422423 PMC2736117 · DOI
  62. Sire JY Huysseune A 1996 Structure and development of the odontodes in an armoured catfish, Corydoras aeneus (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) Acta Zoologica 77 51 72 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1996.tb01252.x · DOI
  63. Sire JY Huysseune A 2003 Formation of dermal skeletal and dental tissues in fish: a comparative and evolutionary approach Biological Reviews 78 219 249 12803422
  64. Smith MM 1979 Scanning electron microscopy of odontodes in the scales of a coelacanth embryo, Latimeria chalumnae Smith Archives of Oral Biology 24 179 183 10.1016/0003-9969(79)90067-0 299144 · DOI
  65. Smith MM Hobdell MH Miller W 1972 The structure of the scales of Latimeria chalumnae Journal of Zoology 167 501 509
  66. Turner S Blieck A Nowlan G 2004 Vertebrates (agnathans and gnathostomes) Webby BD Paris F Droser ML Percival I The great Ordovician biodiversification event New York Columbia University Press 327 335
  67. Webby BD Paris F Droser ML 2004 The great Ordovician biodiversification event Columbia University Press New York
  68. Williams ME 1998 A new specimen of Tamiobatis vetustus (Chondrichthyes, Ctenacanthoidea) from the late Devonian Cleveland Shale of Ohio Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 251 260 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011054 · DOI
  69. Yoshiba K Yoshiba N Ejiri S Iwaku M Ozawa H 2002 Odontoblast processes in human dentin revealed by fluorescence labeling and transmission electron microscopy Histochemistry and Cell Biology 118 205 212 12271356
  70. Zhu M Yu X Ahlberg PE Choo B Lu J Qiao T Qu Q Zhao W Jia L Blom H 2013 A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan-like marginal jaw bones Nature 502 188 193 10.1038/nature12617 24067611 · DOI
  71. Žigaitė Ž 2013 Endemic thelodonts (Vertebrata: Thelodonti) from the Lower Silurian of central Asia and southern Siberia Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104 123 143 10.1017/S1755691013000467 · DOI
  72. Žigaitė Ž Karatajūtė-Talimaa V Blieck A 2011 Vertebrate microremains from the Lower Silurian of Siberia and Central Asia: palaeobiodiversity and palaeobiogeography Journal of Micropalaeontology 30 97 106 10.1144/0262-821X11-016 · DOI
  73. Zylberberg L Géraudie J Meunier F Sire J 1992 Biomineralization in the integumental skeleton of the living lower vertebrates Hall BK Bone: bone metabolism and mineralization Boca Raton CRC Press Inc 171 224

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Andreev, P., Coates, M. I., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V., Shelton, R. M., Cooper, P. R., Wang, N.-Z., & Sansom, I. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Andreev, Plamen
  • Sansom, Ivan J.
ORCID
Venue
PeerJ
Publisher
PeerJ
Published
2016-06-16
Volume
4
Pages
e1850
ISSN
2167-8359 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7717/peerj.1850
PMC
PMC4918221
OpenAlex
W2443860939
Cited by
40
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
FWCI
1.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PeerJ (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Research Council (GR3/8543, NER/B/S/2000/0028)
  • Small Grant Awards AGM 2011 of the Palaeontogical Association: Sylvester-Bradley Award
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Keywords
Chondrichthyes, odontodes, new genus and species, Tarim Basin, Mongolia, North America, paleogeography

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review