Association of adverse childhood experiences with depression in Latino migrants residing in Tijuana, Mexico
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Context Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in childhood-adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)-are associated with poor mental and physical health. Objective To determine the prevalence of ACEs and their relationship to depression among Latino migrants in Mexico, which has not been previously examined. Methods A total of 110 Latinos aged 18 years and older residing in Tijuana, Mexico, completed interviewer-administered questionnaires, including the ACE scale (range = 0 to 10 items), at baseline in 2015. We studied the prevalence of ACEs (score on the ACE scale) and the presence of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the ACE score and depressive symptoms. Results Overall, 82% of participants were men, and 82% reported being deported from the US. At least 1 ACE was reported by 64% of participants, and 33% reported 3 or more ACEs. Those who reported ever being incarcerated were significantly more likely to have 3 or more ACEs compared with no ACEs (56% vs 28%; p = 0.039). Symptoms of mild, moderate, or severe depression were identified in 14% of participants. In multivariate analyses, for each additional ACE item reported, participants were significantly more likely to meet criteria for depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio = 1.42; 95% confidence interval = 1.13-1.78; p = 0.002). Conclusion Among Latino migrants residing in the US-Mexico border region, ACEs were pervasive…
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Adverse Childhood Events, which include justice-system contact or parental incarceration before the age of 18, are associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood.
“Moreover, a growing body of research shows that Adverse Childhood Events, which include justice-system contact or parental incarceration before the age of 18, are associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood (68) and other studies suggest that deportation events can be similarly traumatic to children (39, 43).”
From Deported Men's and Father's Perspective: The Impacts of Family Separation on Children and Families in the U.S. (2020) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Kremer, P., Ulibarri, M., Ferraiolo, N., Pinedo, M., Vargas-Ojeda, A. C., Burgos, J. L., & Ojeda, V. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Alliant University (US)
- Scripps Mercy Hospital (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (MX)
- Department of Medicine at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla
- Venue
- The Permanente Journal
- Publisher
- The Permanente Federation
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-031
- ISSN
- 1552-5767 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5775
- PMC
- PMC6307546
- OpenAlex
- W2903034406
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Permanente Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaiser Permanente
- University of California, San Diego
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH095680)
- Fogarty International Center (R25TW009343, D43TW008633, D43TW009343)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD042849)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, depression, Latino migrants, U.S.-Mexico border region, Tijuana, childhood abuse, incarceration, deportation, ACE score, depressive symptoms, immigrant mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mexico, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Transients and Migrants, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
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