John Porter Brown, Early American Orientalist (1814–1872)

It may state two separate claims as one.

Other Washington intrigues targeted Brown: rivals wanted his post, and others attacked him because he would not serve special interests, chiefly speculators and industrialists hoping to profit from or cheat the Ottoman government.

“There were those who coveted his position or who attacked him because he would not serve as a tool of special interests, mainly speculators or industrialists, who hoped to profit from, or swindle, the Ottoman government.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

The State Department continued to back Brown, and the attempts against him came to nothing.

“Fortunately, Brown enjoyed the continued support of the State Department and their efforts came to naught.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown died without money: his salary was owed, and his brother-in-law in America had wasted his savings.

“With his pay in arrears and his brother-in-law in the US having squandered his savings, he died penniless.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Brown's 1868 London publication with Stevens Bros. was a translation, from French, of Patriarch Constantius I's book, issued as Ancient and Modern Constantinople.

“In 1868 Brown published with Stevens Bros. in London a translation of the French version of Patriarch Constantius I's”

It may state two separate claims as one.

For nearly four decades, Brown personified Turkish-American relations and acted as the official go-between for Washington and the Porte.

“For almost forty years he had been the embodiment of Turkish-American relations and the official intermediary between Washington and the Porte.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

The works Brown published were significant for their time and sufficient to place him among the leading early American orientalists.

“through great diligence, he was able to publish a number of works that were noteworthy for his time and suffice to rank him as a leading early American orientalist.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Salisbury's note reported that Baron Von Hammer encouraged Brown and described the work as the most interesting book to appear at Constantinople in a long while.

“in which he wrote that Brown”

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Brown could use Turkish, Persian, and Arabic, the three principal languages of the Muslim Near East.

“He soon mastered that language, as well as Persian, thus having command of all three major languages of the Muslim Near East.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.

A collected and properly edited edition of Brown's letters and articles would serve as a major source for students of the nineteenth-century Ottoman empire and would strengthen the case for Brown as a leading early American orientalist.

“Collected and properly edited, they would constitute a major source for students of the Ottoman empire in the nineteenth century and further justify considering Brown to be one of America's leading early orientalists.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Morris ultimately resigned and afterward had a mental breakdown.

“Morris finally resigned and later had a mental breakdown.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Scholars including Duncan MacDonald, Friedrich Giese, and H. A. Rose later noted that Brown treated his sources uncritically and could be credulous about informants.

“Later scholars, such as Duncan MacDonald, Friedrich Giese, and even H. A. Rose (Bul letin of the School of Oriental Studies 2 [1922]: 341-44), who edited the second edition of Dervishes in 1927, pointed out that Brown approached his sources uncritically and sometimes was even a bit credulous with respect to his informants.”

• cites Rose, Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies 2 [1922]: 341-44Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.

Even with its defects, Dervishes is valuable for direct observations of Sufi practice in nineteenth-century Constantinople and for its account of the brotherhoods' place in the Ottoman empire.

“Despite its shortcomings, however, Dervishes was, and is, important for providing first-hand observations on the practice of Sufism in Constantinople in the nineteenth century and describing the status of the brotherhoods within the Ottoman empire.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

The Dervishes represented genuine original research.

“This was a work of genuine original research.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown became essential to the legation, in part because he was aware of all its business.

“He therefore became indispensable to the Legation, especially because he was privy to all of its business.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown never received full compensation for these roles and frequently relied on his savings to manage.

“Nevertheless, he was never fully compensated for this and often had to dip into his savings to get by.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Brown visited Belgrade in 1845.

“He visited Belgrade in 1845.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

From 1842 to 1861, Brown wrote dozens of pieces for the Knickerbocker and Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.

“In addition, between 1842 and 1861, Brown contributed dozens of articles to the Knickerbocker, a monthly New York literary magazine, and to Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.”

• cites 13.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

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Brown aspired to be American minister to Turkey or Persia, but he was repeatedly denied that goal.

“Brown hoped to become the American minister to Turkey or Persia, but this ambition was continuously thwarted.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim.

Conn argues that because Brown's letters were spontaneous, they are better indicators of the period than later books and memoirs by missionaries and others.

“as Conn writes,”

• cites 13.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.

Brown and Emin Bey spent seven months touring America together and met President Fillmore.

“They sailed to New York and traveled together in America for seven months, making a”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Salisbury supplied a lengthy introduction to the first installment, intended to compensate for the missing critical apparatus.

“Salisbury, who was then the Corresponding Secretary of the AOS, wrote a long introduction to Brown's first part, pp.435-47, which was meant to compensate for the lack of an apparatus criticus.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown went with Emin Bey, the first Ottoman envoy, to America in 1850 and served as his interpreter.

“In 1850 he accompanied the first envoy of the Ottoman empire, Emin Bey, to the US and served as his interpreter.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

His posts included nine years as Secretary of Legation and dragoman, six and a half years as consul or consul general, and two and a half years as chargé d'affaires.

“He was Secretary of Legation and dragoman for nine years, consul or consul general for six and a half years, and chargé d'affaires for two and a half years.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

According to Salisbury, this was the first work brought directly from the East to American readers.

“Salisbury went on to say that this work was”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown exchanged letters with Salisbury over many years, and Salisbury, a Yale professor, helped with several of Brown's publications.

“Over many years, Brown corresponded with Salisbury in the US; and the Yale professor helped him with some of his publications.”

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.

During that stay he met James Redhouse, British consul at Trebizonde and compiler of a well-known Ottoman-English dictionary.

“While there he met James Redhouse (1811-1892), compiler of the famed Ottoman-English dictionary, who was serving as British consul in Trebizonde.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Brown suffered a fatal heart attack on April 28.

“A few days later, on April 28, Brown died from a heart attack.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown could approach Sultan Abdülmecid directly, and later Abdülaziz as well.

“He even had direct access to Sultan Abdülmecid (r.1839-1861) and later Abdülaziz (r.1861-1876).”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown tended to sympathize with Ottoman problems and worked to improve American relations with the Turks.

“Generally sympathetic to Ottoman problems, Brown worked to strengthen American relations with the Turks.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.

Brown made a long trip to Nicomedia and its surroundings in 1848.

“He also made a long excursion to Nicomedia (Izmit) and its environs in 1848.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

With Porter's backing, Jackson approved, making Brown the first dragoman at Constantinople who represented his own country as a citizen.

“The president soon agreed, on Porter's recommendation, and Brown became the first dragoman in Constantinople who was a native citizen of the country that he represented.”

• cites Conn, 'John Porter Brown, Father of Turkish-American Relations, an Ohioan at the Sublime Porte, 1832-1872'Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

It may state two separate claims as one.

Brown had no university degree and taught himself most of what he knew.

“He did not have a university education, so in this respect he was largely selftaught.”

It may state two separate claims as one.

Salisbury located a publisher for the translation and contributed an introductory note.

“Salisbury found a publisher for Brown's translation and provided an introductory note”