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Cited by 0Linguistics and language evolutionHistorical, Religious, and Philosophical StudiesHistorical and Linguistic Studies

Etymologische Kleinigkeiten VI

Open access
Bojowald, Stefan·2021·Journal of the American Oriental Society
DOI 10.7817/jameroriesoci.140.3.0701
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Abstract

The etymology of the Egyptian word ṭwn.w ‘fighting bull’ is treated once again. The connection of this word with the root ṭwn ‘to stab’ by Morenz is supported with new arguments. Goring by bulls can be demonstrated in textual sources as well.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.7817/jameroriesoci.140.3.0701

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 17 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    In the Egyptian textual sources discussed, the horns are usually the medium of the action.

    “Das Medium der Handlung wird dort für gewöhn lich von den Hörnern gebildet.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    The first cited passage can be dated to the New Kingdom.

    “Die Passage lässt sich in das Neue Reich datieren.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites KRI II, 354, 9

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Bohms

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Findingown data

    Bull butting/goring behaviour is directly reflected in Egyptian textual sources.

    “Das Stoßver halten der Stiere strahlt auch auf ägyptische Textzeugnisse direkt aus.”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
      “Goring by bulls can be demonstrated in textual sources as well.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The evidence is positive given the writing khb for kh3.

    “Die Indizienlage sieht vor dem Hintergrund der Schreibung khb für kh3 14 durchaus positiv aus.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Interpretationcitation

    The direction of derivation is from ṯwn.w 'fighting bull' to mṯwn 'fighting place', not the reverse.

    “Die Richtung des Pfeils ist allerdings nach den Erkenntnissen von Saune ron 4 genau umzukehren, da die Ablei tung wohl eher von ṯwn.w 'Kampfstier' zu mṯwn 'Kampfplatz' geführt hat.”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · boosted
      “Die letztere Interpretation hat sicher den Vorzug verdient.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Sauneron 4

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 6

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingnone given

    In the second passage, the place of the bull's opponent is occupied by an abstract term.

    “Der Platz des Gegners des Stieres wird hier durch einen abstrakten Begriff besetzt gehalten.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The historical context of the second passage is the New Kingdom.

    “Der historische Zusam men hang wird wieder vom Neuen Reich gebildet.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The root ṯwn means 'to push/butt'.

    “der eine Verbindungslinie zur Wurzel ṯwn 'stoßen' gezogen hat.”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
      “den Zusammenhang zwi schen ṯwn 'stoßen' und ṯwn.w 'Kampfstier' gelten lässt.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Morenz 5

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Guth 6

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Egyptian bullfights were included in the decoration programme of tombs.

    “Die ägyptischen Stierkämpfe wurden auch in das Dekorationsprogramm der Gräber auf- genommen. 15”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kanawati

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Galán

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The second passage is included despite large gaps because the decisive signal words are preserved.

    “Die Stelle wird hier trotz der großen Lücken in das Register aufgenommen, da die entscheidenden Signalwörter erhalten sind.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premiseown data

    The historical roots of bull games reach back to Syria of the 17th century BC, as glyptic has shown.

    “Die historischen Wurzeln der Stierspiele reichen, wie die Glyptik gezeigt hat, bekanntlich bis ins Syrien des 17. Jhdts. v. Chr. zurück.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
6 of 6

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. S. Bojowald, "Etymologische Kleinigkeiten I: Das ägyptische Wort 'išf' 'Hefe'," AuOr 32 (2014): 371-75;
  2. idem, "Etymologische Kleinigkeiten II: Das ägyp tische Wort 'ḏḥʿʿ' 'Kamille'," AuOr 34 (2016): 5-8; idem, "Ety- mo logische Kleinigkeiten IV: Das ägyptische Wort ḳri/ḳrr 'Wol ke'," ZDMG 170 (2020): 237-40; demnächst, idem, "Etymo logische Kleinigkeiten V: Das ägyptische Wort ṯwn 'Akazienart'." 3. WB V, 359, 13.
  3. M. Bietak, "Minoan Artists at the Court of Avaris (Tell el-Dabʿa)," in Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade and Diplomacy in the Second Mille nni um B.C., ed. J. K. Aruz, K. Benzel, and M. Evans (New York-New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale Univ. Press, 2008), 249-50;

Related

Authors
Bojowald, S.
Corresponding author
Bojowald, Stefan
ORCID
Bojowald, Stefan
Venue
Journal of the American Oriental Society
Publisher
American Oriental Society
Published
2021-09-19
Volume
140
Issue
3
ISSN
  • 0003-0279 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-2289
DOI
10.7817/jameroriesoci.140.3.0701
OpenAlex
W3088681166
Cited by
0
References
7
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Journal of the American Oriental Society (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Linguistics and language evolution
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology › Historical, Religious, and Philosophical Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Historical and Linguistic Studies
Keywords
fighting bulls, bull symbolism, textual evidence, Egyptian vocabulary

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-05.

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