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Unmute This: Circulation, Sociality, and Sound in Viral Media
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Cats at keyboards. Dancing hamsters. Giggling babies and dancing flashmobs. A bi-colored dress. Psy’s “Gangnam Style” music video. Over the final decade of the twentieth century and the first decades of the twenty-first, these and countless other examples of digital audiovisual phenomena have been collectively adjectivally described through a biological metaphor that suggests the speed and ubiquity of their circulation—“viral.” This circulation has been facilitated by the internet, and has often been understood as a product of the web’s celebrated capacities for democratic amateur creation, its facilitation of unmediated connection and sharing practices. In this dissertation, I suggest that participation in such phenomena—the production, watching, listening to, circulation, or “sharing” of such objects—has constituted a significant site of twenty-first-century musical practice. Borrowing and adapting Christopher Small’s influential 1998 coinage, I theorize these strands of practice as viral musicking. While scholarship on viral media has tended to center on visual parameters, rendering such phenomena silent, the term “viral musicking” seeks to draw media theory metaphors of voice and listening into dialogue with musicology, precisely at the intersection of audiovisual objects which are played, heard, listened to. The project’s methodology comprises a sonically attuned media archeology, grounded in close readings of internet artifacts and practices; this sonic attunement is af…
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“As memes spread, they undergo variations, with the most resonant versions thriving and proliferating, while less compelling iterations may fade into obscurity (Harper, 2019).”
From Social media challenges as an intersection between Internet memes and traditional challenges: a conceptual analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Harper, 2019
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Metadata
- Authors
- Harper, P. C.
- Corresponding author
- Harper, Paula Clare
- ORCID
- Harper, Paula Clare
- Venue
- Columbia University
- Publisher
- Columbia University
- Published
- 2019
- OpenAlex
- W2972894876
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 15.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Music History and Culture
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Musicology and Musical Analysis
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Sound Studies and Aurality
- Keywords
- sound, circulation, sociality, Web 2.0, co-optation, media labor, media archaeology, listening, Christopher Small, audiovisual culture, digital platforms, Beyoncé
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