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Developing Canadian oncology education goals and objectives for medical students: a national modified Delphi study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that there is a deficiency in focused oncology teaching during medical school in Canada. This study aimed to develop oncology education goals and objectives for medical students through consensus of oncology educators from across Canada. METHODS: In 2014 we created a comprehensive list of oncology education objectives using existing resources. Experts in oncology education and undergraduate medical education from all 17 Canadian medical schools were invited to participate in a 3-round modified Delphi process. In round 1, the participants scored the objectives on a 9-point Likert scale according to the degree to which they agreed an objective should be taught to medical students. Objectives with a mean score of 7.0 or greater were retained, those with a mean score of 1.0-3.9 were excluded, and those with a mean score of 4.0-6.9 were discussed at a round 2 Web meeting. In round 3, the participants voted on inclusion and exclusion of the round 2 objectives. RESULTS: Thirty-four (92%) of the 37 invited oncology educators, representing 14 medical schools, participated in the study. They included oncologists, family physicians, members of undergraduate medical education curriculum committees and a psychologist. Of the 214 objectives reviewed in round 1, 146 received a mean score of 7.0 or greater, and 68 were scored 4.0-6.9; no objective received a mean score below 4.0. Nine new objectives were suggested. The main themes of participants' comments were to minimize the number of objectives and to aim objectives at the knowledge level required for family physicians. In round 2, the participants were able to combine 28 of the objectives with other existing objectives. In round 3, 7 of the 49 objectives received consensus of at least 75% for inclusion. The final Canadian Oncology Goals and Objectives for Medical Students contained 10 goals and 153 objectives. INTERPRETATION: Through a systematic process, we created a comprehensive, consensus-based set of oncology goals and objectives to facilitate the design of undergraduate medical education curricula and improve oncology education for medical students.
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The 70% threshold was based on previous Delphi studies used for curriculum development.
“The 70% threshold was based on previous Delphi studies used for curriculum development21–25.”
From Developing a Canadian artificial intelligence medical curriculum using a Delphi study (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
The Modified Delphi process section says the authors based their consensus threshold on previous studies, including a curriculum-development Delphi study listed in the References. But the threshold in this paper was 75%, not 70%; no page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe approach was based on similar studies that successfully used expert opinions to create or update curricula in medicine for different subject areas, leveraging their structures to ensure the process was thorough.
“We also based our approach on similar studies that have successfully used expert opinions to create or update curricula in medicine for different subject areas, leveraging their structures to ensure our process was thorough21–25.”
From Developing a Canadian artificial intelligence medical curriculum using a Delphi study (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
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The Delphi technique: myths and realities
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Determining an Imaging Literacy Curriculum for Radiation Oncologists: An International Delphi Study
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Self-citationEuropean Undergraduate Education in Oncology: A report of the EORTC Education Branch
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tam, V. C., Ingledew, P.-A., Berry, S., Verma, S., & Giuliani, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (CA)
- Venue
- CMAJ Open
- Publisher
- CMA Joule Inc.
- Published
- 2016-07-14
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E359-E364
- ISSN
- 2291-0026 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5047803
- OpenAlex
- W2465422800
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- CMAJ Open (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Medical Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- cancer education, medical students, educational goals and objectives, general practitioners
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