The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Phenelzine, Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy, and Their Combination for Social Anxiety Disorder
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Medication and cognitive behavioral treatment are the best-established treatments for social anxiety disorder, yet many individuals remain symptomatic after treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combined medication and cognitive behavioral treatment is superior to either monotherapy or pill placebo. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Research clinics at Columbia University and Temple University. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-eight individuals with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of social anxiety disorder. INTERVENTIONS: Cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT), phenelzine sulfate, pill placebo, and combined CBGT plus phenelzine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale scores at weeks 12 and 24. RESULTS: Linear mixed-effects models showed a specific order of effects, with steepest reductions in Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale scores for the combined group, followed by the monotherapies, and the least reduction in the placebo group (Williams test = 4.97, P < .01). The CGI response rates in the intention-to-treat sample at week 12 were 9 of 27 (33.3%) (placebo), 16 of 34 (47.1%) (CBGT), 19 of 35 (54.3%) (phenelzine), and 23 of 32 (71.9%) (combined treatment) (chi(2)(1) = 8.76, P < .01). Corresponding remission rates (CGI = 1) were 2 of 27 (7.4%), 3 of 34 (8.8%), 8 of 35 (22.9%), and 15 of 32 (46.9%) (chi(2)(1) = 15.92, P < .01). At week 24, response rates were 9 of 27 (33.3%), 18 of 34 (52.9%), 17 of 35 (48.6%), and 25 of 32 (78.1%) (chi(2)(1) = 12.02, P = .001). Remission rates were 4 of 27 (14.8%), 8 of 34 (23.5%), 9 of 35 (25.7%), and 17 of 32 (53.1%) (chi(2)(1) = 10.72, P = .001). CONCLUSION: Combined phenelzine and CBGT treatment is superior to either treatment alone and to placebo on dimensional measures and on rates of response and remission.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These numbers are consistent with other reliable change numbers for CBGT (Blanco et al., 2010; Heimberg et al., 1990; Kocovski et al., 2013).”
From Changes in Decentering Across Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Blanco et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In vivo exposures for conditions such as social phobia (Blanco et al., 2010), imaginal exposures for conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (Cloitre et al., 2002; Foa, 2011), and interoceptive exposures for conditions such as panic disorder (Craske & Barlow, 2008) have demonstrated extensive efficacy.”
From United we stand: emphasizing commonalities across cognitive-behavioral therapies. (2013) · cites this paper as Blanco et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and studies for SAD show greater effects of combined treatment relative to pharmacotherapy alone (e.g., d = 1.05 vs. 0.60 on the LSAS, respectively; Blanco et al., 2010).”
From An Integrated, Acceptance-Based Behavioral Approach for Depression With Social Anxiety: Preliminary Results (2014) · cites this paper as Blanco et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“however, research also demonstrates that CBT typically has limited impact on functional domains, including occupational functioning (Blanco et al., 2010).”
From Work-Related Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for racially and economically diverse unemployed persons with social anxiety: A randomized clinical trial (2024) · cites this paper as Blanco et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Both treatments are well documented [17, 24, 75] and have been implemented in scientific research before in treatment studies for GCBT (e.g. [76–79]) and individual and group ST (e.g. [19, 43, 80, 81]).”
In the citing paper
“Not only does PT cause side effects, but also between 20 and 50% of patients have either a contra-indication or don’t respond to PT (Lydiard et al., 1996; Davidson et al., 2004; Blanco et al., 2010; Hyman, 2010).”
From The Effectiveness of Art Therapy for Anxiety in Adult Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as Blanco et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
Hapeman, D. E., & Agresti, A. (1991) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1991.10484817 · Cited by 9,407
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
Hamilton, M. (1967) · British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x · Cited by 8,410
Everitt, B. S. (2001) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605542-11 · Cited by 6,877
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6 · Cited by 3,367
Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients
Marks, I. M., & Mathews, A. M. (1979) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90041-x · Cited by 1,801
Order Restricted Statistical Inference.
Santner, T. J., Robertson, T., Wright, F. T., & Dykstra, R. L. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289813 · Cited by 1,586
Sheehan, D. V., Harnett-Sheehan, K., & Raj, B. A. (1996) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199606003-00015 · Cited by 1,440
Hoffman, S. G., & Smits, J. A. J. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0415 · Cited by 1,420
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [26]DiNardo P Brown T Barlow D Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Lifetime Version (ADIS-IV-L) New York Oxford University Press 1994
- [38]Silvapulle M Sen P Constrained Statistical Inference New York John Wiley and Sons 2004
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., & the Canadian Anxiety Guidelines Initiative Group on behalf of the Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada/Association Canadienne des troubles anxieux and McGill University (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1 · Cited by 1,090
“tiple RCTs (Level 1) [384,386,418,461,462]; however, this agent is recommended as a second-line option because of”
BackgroundMethodCarpenter, J. K., Andrews, L. A., Witcraft, S. M., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22728 · Cited by 846
Baldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Allgulander, C., Bandelow, B., den Boer, J. A., Christmas, D. M., Davies, S., Fineberg, N., Lidbetter, N., et al. (2014) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881114525674 · Cited by 676
“…combination of pharmacological with psychological treatments is associated with greater overall efficacy than with either treatment, when given alone, as only one in four studies of the relative efficacy of combination treatment found evidence for superior efficacy [I (PCT)] (Blanco et al., 2010).”
BackgroundResponse rates for CBT for anxiety disorders: need for standardized criteria
Loerinc, A. G., Meuret, A. E., Twohig, M. P., Rosenfield, D., Bluett, E. J., & Craske, M. G. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.004 · Cited by 592
Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Huibers, M. J. H. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20346 · Cited by 572
Metadata
- Authors
- Blanco, C., Heimberg, R. G., Schneier, F. R., Fresco, D. M., Chen, H., Turk, C. L., Vermes, D., Erwin, B. A., Schmidt, A. B., Juster, H. R., Campeas, R., & Liebowitz, M. R.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Temple University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-03-01
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 286
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2856667
- OpenAlex
- W1990056753
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 26.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R10MH057148, MH44119, MH57148, R01MH044119)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA023200, K02DA023200)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000349, RR-00349)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, phenelzine, group cognitive behavioral therapy, combined psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, trazodone, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antidepressant augmentation, treatment response and remission, placebo response, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Clinical Global Impression Scale, treatment tolerability, treatment acceptability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Phenelzine, Phobic Disorders, Placebos, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotherapy, Group, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
