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Reduced Capacity but Spared Precision and Maintenance of Working Memory Representations in Schizophrenia
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Working memory deficits are considered a core feature of schizophrenia. Several recent integrative articles have offered mechanistic computational and neurobiological models of the origins of this cognitive deficit. OBJECTIVE: To test predictions of these models using a new experimental paradigm from the basic science literature that makes it possible to determine whether patients with schizophrenia show (1) deficits in working memory storage capacity, (2) deficits in the precision of working memory representations, and (3) an amplification of these deficits as the retention interval increases. DESIGN: Case-control design. All subjects performed a color working memory test in which they were asked to recall 3 or 4 items after a 1- or 4-second delay. All subjects also received a standard measure of intelligence and the Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery. SETTING: A tertiary care research outpatient clinic. Patients A total of 31 clinically stable patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 26 healthy volunteers participated. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, and ethnicity distribution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The number of items stored in working memory and (2) the precision of the working memory representations. RESULTS: Patients showed a clear reduction in the number of items stored in working memory. Patients did not differ from controls in the precision of their working memory representations. There was no evidence of delay-related amplification of impairment in either capacity or precision. CONCLUSIONS: Patients do not show the type of imprecision or delay-dependent amplification of impairment that is predicted on the basis of current models of the neurobiology of schizophrenia. The models need to be revised to account for a pure reduction in the number of items that patients are able to store in working memory.
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“There is evidence that WM capacity is impaired in schizophrenia (Gold et al. 2010).”
From Linking microcircuit dysfunction to cognitive impairment: Effects of disinhibition associated with schizophrenia in a cortical working memory model (2014) · cites this paper as Gold et al. 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gold, J. M., Hahn, B., Zhang, W. W., Robinson, B. M., Kappenman, E. S., Beck, V. M., & Luck, S. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-06-01
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 570
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2883794
- OpenAlex
- W2105397762
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH065034, R01MH076226, R01MH065034)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR016500)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, working memory, working memory precision, retention interval, schizoaffective disorder, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition Disorders, Color Perception, Female, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders, Memory, Short-Term, Models, Neurological, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Reaction Time, Retention, Psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Case-Control Studies, Prefrontal Cortex
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