Relation of Low Body Mass to Death and Stroke in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There are scant data on the effect of body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) on cardiovascular events and death in older patients with hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To determine if low body mass in older patients with hypertension confers an increased risk of death or stroke. PATIENTS: Participants were 3975 men and women (mean age, 71 years) enrolled in 17 US centers in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of lowdose antihypertensive therapy, with follow-up for 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Five-year adjusted mortality and stroke rates from Cox proportional hazards analyses. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relation of death or stroke with BMI in the placebo group (P = .47), and there was a U- or J-shaped relation in the treatment group. The J-shaped relation of death with BMI in the treated group (P = .03) showed that the lowest probability of death for men was associated with a BMI of 26.0 and for women with a BMI of 29.6; the curve was quite flat for women across a wide range of BMIs. For stroke, men and women did not differ, and the BMI nadir for both sexes combined was 29, with risk increasing steeply at BMIs below 24. Those in active treatment, however, had lower death and stroke rates compared with those taking placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Among older patients with hypertension, a wide range of BMIs was associated with a similar risk of death and stroke; a low BMI was associated with increased risk. Lean, older patients with hypertension in treatment should be monitored carefully for additional risk factors.
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In hypertensive patients, diuretic treatment produces worse clinical cardiovascular outcomes in lean/normal-weight compared with obese patients at similar blood pressure reduction.
“Conversely, with diuretic administration, normalweight essential hypertension fares worse than obesityhypertension.”
From Obesity Paradox in Hypertension: Is This Because Sympathetic Activation in Obesity-Hypertension Takes a Benign Form? (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Wassertheil-Smoller, S.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2000-02-28
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 494
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158419686
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc35130-44-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC35130)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- low body mass index, body mass index, systolic hypertension, older adults, mortality, stroke, cardiovascular risk, antihypertensive therapy, sex differences, J-shaped relationship
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antihypertensive Agents, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk, Sex Factors, Systole, United States, Body Mass Index, Survival Rate, Proportional Hazards Models, Stroke
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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