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Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: The Role of Psychological Factors
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Examining the relationship between psychological status and survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our hypothesis is that psychological distress is associated with greater mortality and shorter survival time than psychological well-being. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, longitudinal. The baseline evaluations used were disease severity and 10 psychometric tests. A psychological status score was derived from these tests. Survival status was monitored for 3.5 years. Interviewers were blinded to other interviews and data analysis. SETTING: Patient's residence. PATIENTS: The criteria for eligibility were diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by a neurologist, dementia or alcoholism absent, communication in English, and any severity or length of disease. It was a volunteer sample consisting of 144 patients from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinics or community-based amyotrophic lateral sclerosis support groups. In this sample 66% were men, 94% were white, mean age at diagnosis was 55 years, 79% were married, 60% had some college education, and 61% died during the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. END POINTS: mortality during study, survival time from intake to last follow-up. RESULTS: Comparison between high and low psychological score groups: 32% of high and 82% of low died; survival curves were significantly different. Controlling for confounding factors (length of illness, disease severity, age), patients with psychological distress had a greater risk of mortality (relative risk, 6.76; 95% confidence limits, 1.69 to 27.12) and greater likelihood of dying in any given time period (relative risk, 2.24; 95% confidence limits, 1.08 to 4.64) than those with psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: Adjusting for confounding factors, psychological status is strongly related to outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further studies on psychological status should be done to confirm its prognostic value.
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“Although shorter survival times, poorer quality of life and increased risks of suicide and mortality have been reported in those experiencing psychological distress [8–12]”
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Metadata
- Authors
- McDonald, E. R.
- Corresponding author
- McDonald, Evelyn R.
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1994-01-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977988586
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Neurogenetic and Muscular Disorders Research
- Keywords
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, psychological distress, psychological well-being, survival, mortality, prognostic factors, psychological state, disease severity, psychometric assessment
- MeSH terms
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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