The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relation of Diabetes to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is more prevalent in elderly minority persons compared with non-Hispanic white persons. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether diabetes is related to a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal cognition and Alzheimer disease, in a multiethnic cohort with a high prevalence of diabetes. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Northern Manhattan in New York, NY. PARTICIPANTS: We studied persons without prevalent MCI or dementia at baseline and with at least 1 follow-up interval. Of 1772 participants with a complete neuropsychological evaluation, 339 (19.1%) were excluded because of prevalent dementia, 304 were excluded because of prevalent MCI (17.2%), and 211 were excluded because of loss to follow-up (11.9%), resulting in a final sample of 918 participants for longitudinal analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We related diabetes defined by self-report to incident all-cause MCI, amnestic MCI, and nonamnestic MCI. We conducted multivariate analyses with proportional hazards regression adjusting for age, sex, years of education, ethnic group, apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein level, current smoking, heart disease, and stroke. RESULTS: A total of 334 persons had incident MCI, 160 (47.9%) had amnestic MCI, and 174 (52.1%) had nonamnestic MCI. Diabetes was related to a significantly higher risk of all-cause MCI and amnestic MCI after adjustment for all covariates. Diabetes was also related to a higher risk of nonamnestic MCI, but this association was appreciably attenuated after adjustment for socioeconomic variables and vascular risk factors. The risk of MCI attributable to diabetes was 8.8% for the whole sample and was higher for African American persons (8.4%) and Hispanic persons (11.0%) compared with non-Hispanic white persons (4.6%), reflecting the higher prevalence of diabetes in minority populations in the United States. CONCLUSION: Diabetes is related to a higher risk of amnestic MCI in a population with a high prevalence of this disorder.
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“Compared with older adults without diabetes, those with the disease are at an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (114).”
From Psychosocial care for people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) · cites this paper as [114]
Citations
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A New Clinical Scale for the Staging of Dementia
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The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders
Zlokovic, B. V. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.003 · Cited by 3,280
Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders
Zlokovic, B. V. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3114 · Cited by 2,969
Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums
Arnold, S. E., Arvanitakis, Z., Macauley-Rambach, S. L., Koenig, A. M., Wang, H.-Y., Ahima, R. S., Craft, S., Gandy, S., Buettner, C., Stoeckel, L. E., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185 · Cited by 1,597
Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and clinical implications
Biessels, G. J., & Despa, F. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0048-7 · Cited by 1,454
Alzheimer’s disease is type 3 diabetes—Evidence reviewed
de la Monte, S. M., & Wands, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229680800200619 · Cited by 1,158
Metadata
- Authors
- Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Patel, B., Tang, M.-X., Manly, J. J., & Mayeux, R.
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2007-04-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 570
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034664059
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 19.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG007232, K08AG020856, AG 07702, AG 07232, 1K08 AG 20856-01)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 00645, M01RR000645)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, mild cognitive impairment, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease risk, racial and ethnic disparities, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, minority groups, vascular risk factors, socioeconomic factors
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Apolipoproteins E, Black or African American, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genotype, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, New York, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, White People
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