Type II diabetes in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: Results from a prospective population-based study in Germany
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is considered to be an important risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subsequent Alzheimer's disease (AD). The majority of studies relating T2DM to MCI and AD were performed in North America. We investigated the potential impact of T2DM on the development of MCI and AD in the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development and Aging which involves a representative birth cohort of subjects born between 1930 and 1932 in Germany. Subjects received a thorough psycho-geriatric examination and neuropsychological testing; particular care was taken to exclude subjects with severe medical or neurological conditions sufficient to explain the cognitive deficits, or other major psychiatric disorders. When compared to healthy subjects (n=159), patients with MCI (n=108) or AD (n=26) showed a tendency towards increased prevalence rates for T2DM (17% vs. 23%; chi2=1.7, p=0.18). In both patients with MCI and controls, T2DM was associated with psychomotor slowing but not deficits in other cognitive domains typically involved in MCI. Our findings indicate that T2DM is involved in MCI and may aggravate the clinical picture as a concomitant factor.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Type 2 diabetes patients have an elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease and manifest deficient CNS insulin signaling, likely because of decreased insulin uptake into the brain following sustained peripheral hyperinsulinemia.
“an elevated risk for AD also exists in type 2 diabetes patients, who manifest deficient CNS insulin signaling (Matsuzaki et al., 2010; Ott et al., 1999; Toro et al., 2009; Watson and Craft, 2003), likely as a consequence of decreased insulin uptake into the brain following sustained peripheral hyperinsulinemia (Gerozissis et al., 1993; Kaiyala et al., 2000; Schwartz et al., 1990).”
From The Aβ oligomer hypothesis for synapse failure and memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease (2011) · cites this paper as Toro et al., 2009
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
Ott, A., Stolk, R. P., van Harskamp, F., Pols, H. A. P., Hofman, A., & Breteler, M. M. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.9.1937 · Cited by 2,175 · see citing works
Type 2 Diabetes, APOE Gene, and the Risk for Dementia and Related Pathologies
Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., & Launer, L. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1256 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Stroke in a Multiethnic Cohort
Luchsinger, J. A. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.7.635 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Relation of diabetes to mild cognitive impairment
Luchsinger, J. A., Reitz, C., Patel, B., Tang, M.-X., Manly, J. J., & Mayeux, R. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.4.570 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI, and rates of progression to dementia
Solfrizzi, V., Panza, F., Colacicco, A. M., D’Introno, A., Capurso, C., Torres, F., Grigoletto, F., Maggi, S., Del Parigi, A., Reiman, E. M., et al. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000144281.38555.e3 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Brain reserve hypothesis in dementia
Fratiglioni, L., & Wang, H.-X. (2007) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2007-12103 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
MacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E., & McDowell, I. (2002) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000064928 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Circumscribed cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged adults with type 2 diabetes.
Ryan, C. M., & Geckle, M. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.10.1486 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease
Luchsinger, J. A. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.048 · Cited by 171 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Although the relationship between T2DM, hyperinsulinemia, and dementia has been addressed in a number of studies (for a review see [2]), most of them used samples comprising a wide range of age (i.e., 60–75 years) and showed divergent findings: some relating T2DM to AD and MCI [3–5] and others…”
Schönknecht, P., Pantel, J., Kruse, A., & Schröder, J. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.11.2071 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of mild cognitive impairment in an elderly community sample
Schröder, J., Kratz, B., Pantel, J., Minnemann, E., Lehr, U. M., & Sauer, H. (1998) · Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-7508-8_5 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationJones, A., Kulozik, P., Ostertag, A., & Herzig, S. (2009) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2009-0973 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta‐analysis of prospective observational studies
Gudala, K., Bansal, D., Schifano, F., & Bhansali, A. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12087 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Kapogiannis, D., & Mattson, M. P. (2011) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70277-5 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
The Aβ oligomer hypothesis for synapse failure and memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease
Ferreira, S. T., & Klein, W. L. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.08.003 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Vascular risk factors promote conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease
Li, J., Wang, Y. J., Zhang, M., Xu, Z. Q., Gao, C. Y., Fang, C. Q., Yan, J. C., & Zhou, H. D. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318217e7a4 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Palta, P., Schneider, A. L. C., Biessels, G. J., Touradji, P., & Hill-Briggs, F. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713001483 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Li, Y., Duffy, K. B., Ottinger, M. A., Ray, B., Bailey, J. A., Holloway, H. W., Tweedie, D., Perry, T., Mattson, M. P., Kapogiannis, D., et al. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-1314 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Parkinson's disease, insulin resistance and novel agents of neuroprotection
Avilés-Olmos, I., Limousin, P. D., Lees, A. J., & Foltynie, T. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws009 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Accelerated Progression From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia in People With Diabetes
Xu, W., Caracciolo, B., Wang, H.-X., Winblad, B., Bäckman, L., Qiu, C., & Fratiglioni, L. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0539 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes
Reijmer, Y. D., van den Berg, E., Ruis, C., Kappelle, L. J., & Biessels, G. J. (2010) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1112 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Livingston, G., Kelly, L., Lewis-Holmes, E., Baio, G., Stephen Morris, A., Patel, N. V., Omar, R., Katona, C., & Cooper, C. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18390 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Association of diabetes with amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment
Roberts, R. O., Knopman, D. S., Geda, Y. E., Cha, R. H., Pankratz, V. S., Baertlein, L. A., Boeve, B. F., Tangalos, E. G., Ivnik, R. J., Mielke, M. M., et al. (2013) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.001 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Luteolin Protects against High Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Obesity Mice
Liu, Y., Fu, X., Lan, N., Li, S., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Li, C., Shang, Y., Huang, T., & Zhang, L. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.040 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Chornenkyy, Y., Wang, W., Wei, A. L., & Nelson, P. T. (2018) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12655 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Troxerutin protects against high cholesterol-induced cognitive deficits in mice
Lu, J. L., Wu, D.-M., Zheng, Z.-H., Zheng, Y., Hu, B., & Zhang, Z.-F. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq376 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Functioning in Nondemented Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Monette, M., Baird, A. D., & Jackson, D. L. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.01.014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and Alzheimer’s disease
Carlsson, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-100012 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Schröder, J., & Pantel, J. (2016) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.08.014 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationType 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: Review and Meta-Analysis
Athanasaki, A., Melanis, K., Tsantzali, I., Stefanou, M., Ntymenou, S., Paraskevas, S. G., Κalamatianos, T., Boutati, E. I., Lambadiari, V., Voumvourakis, K. I., et al. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040778 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related risk factors: a review
Yuan, X.-Y., & Wang, X. (2017) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2017-0016 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sebastião, I., Candeias, E., Santos, M. S., Oliveira, C. R., Moreira, P. I., & Duarte, A. I. (2014) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00110 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
An Update on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Dementia
Li, W., & Huang, E. S. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-160114 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Carvalho, C., Machado, N. J., Mota, P. C., Correia, S. C., Cardoso, S., Santos, R. X., Santos, M. S., Oliveira, C. R., & Moreira, P. I. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-130005 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Psychosoziales und Diabetes (Teil 1)
Kulzer, B., Albus, C., Herpertz, S., Kruse, J., Lange, K., Lederbogen, F., & Petrak, F. (2013) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1335785 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Epidemiological Scale of Alzheimer’s Disease
Cornuțiu, G. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr2106w · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Determinants of cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
Mansur, R. B., Lee, Y., Zhou, A. J., Carmona, N. E., Cha, D. S., Rosenblat, J. D., Bruins, R., Kakar, R., Rasgon, N. L., Lovshin, J. A., et al. (2018) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/154733251803000107 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wang, D., Gao, K., Li, X., Shen, X., Zhang, X., Ma, C., Qin, C., & Zhang, L. (2012) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.03.013 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Insulin resistance, diabetes and cognitive function: Consequences for preventative strategies
Bourdel‐Marchasson, I., Lapre, É., Laksir, H., & Puget, E. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.03.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Degen, C., Toro, P., Schönknecht, P., Sattler, C., & Schröder, J. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.009 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychosoziales und Diabetes (Teil 2)
Kulzer, B., Albus, C., Herpertz, S., Kruse, J., Lange, K., Lederbogen, F., & Petrak, F. (2013) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1335889 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
González, H. M., Tarraf, W., González, K. A., Fornage, M., Zeng, D., Gallo, L. C., Talavera, G. A., Daviglus, M. L., Lipton, R. B., Kaplan, R. C., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1676 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Linking Glycemic Control and Executive Function in Rural Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Nguyen, H., Grzywacz, J. G., Arcury, T. A., Chapman, C., Kirk, J. K., Ip, E. H., Bell, R. A., & Quandt, S. A. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02857.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Cognitive function is a risk for health literacy in older adults with diabetes
Nguyen, H., Kirk, J. K., Arcury, T. A., Ip, E. H., Grzywacz, J. G., Saldana, S. J., Bell, R. A., & Quandt, S. A. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2013.05.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kim, J. M., Park, S. K., Guo, T. J., Kang, J. Y., Ha, J. S., Lee, D. S., Lee, U., & Heo, H. J. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.06.013 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Latina, V., Giacovazzo, G., Calissano, P., Atlante, A., Regina, F. L., Malerba, F., Dell’Aquila, M., Stigliano, E., Balzamino, B. O., Micera, A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222212158 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Unwinding Complexities of Diabetic Alzheimer by Potent Novel Molecules
Gupta, S., Nair, A. B., Jhawat, V., Mustaq, N., Sharma, A., Dhanawat, M., & Khan, S. A. (2020) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317520937542 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Qi, D., Wang, A., Chen, Y., Chen, K., Zhang, S., Zhang, J., Li, X., Ai, L., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205014666170417113441 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dong, W., Bian, Z., Li, Q., Wang, L., Lu, C., & Xiaoli Li, A. (2015) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.016 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM
Yang, H. T., Ren, K., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Cao, H., Yuan, X., Su, L., Li, H., Feng, X., & Liu, D. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dong, W., Li, P., Zhou, Y., Sun, Y., Xu, J. B., Liu, Y., Xiaoli Li, A., Li, J., Bian, Z., & Wang, L. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2020.3004462 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ablation of dynamin-related protein 1 promotes diabetes-induced synaptic injury in the hippocampus
Park, K. A., Lee, J. Y., Han, H. M., An, H. S., Jin, Z. H., Jeong, E. A., Kim, K. E., Shin, H. J., Lee, J., Kang, D., et al. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-03723-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Park, C. H., Park, S. K., Seung, T. W., Jin, D. E., Guo, T., & Heo, H. J. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/316527 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Herold, C. J., Duval, C. Z., & Schröder, J. (2020) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-020-01138-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, M., Chung, H., An, Y. H., Lim, S.-J., Choi, W., Yu, A., Kim, J. S., Kang, M., Cho, S., Shim, I., et al. (2015) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9458-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Lee, J. Y., Jeong, E. A., Kim, K. E., Yi, C., Jin, Z. H., Lee, J. E., Lee, D. H., Kim, H. J., Kang, S. S., Cho, G. J., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08319-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
King, M. R., Anderson, N. J., Deciu, M., Guernsey, L. S., Cundiff, M., Hajizadeh, S., & Jolivalt, C. G. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24706 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Neuroprotective Effect of Gugijihwang-Tang on Trimethyltin-Induced Memory Dysfunction in the Rat
Jung, E.-Y., Lee, M., Ahn, C. J., Cho, S., Bae, H., & Shim, I. (2013) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2013/542081 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kell, D. B., Pretorius, E., & Zhao, H. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18050712 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dong, W., Zhou, Y., Li, P., Zhang, P., Li, J., Wang, Y., Xiaoli Li, A., Bian, Z., Yin, S., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab8b7b · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dong, W., Li, P., Xiaoli Li, A., Wei, Z., Zhou, Y., Pei, H., Li, F., Bian, Z., Wang, L., & Yin, S. (2020) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2020.01.025 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lu, K., Li, M., Yuan, J., & Wu, J. (2015) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4293 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Cai, H.-Y., Ma, X., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Li, Y., & Qi, J. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.018 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Review of Alterations in Perlecan-Associated Vascular Risk Factors in Dementia
Trout, A. L., Rutkai, I., Biose, I. J., & Bix, G. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21020679 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kushawaha, S. K., Ashawat, M. S., Soni, D., Kumar, P., Rimpi, & Baldi, A. (2024) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148906 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Unraveling the mystery of citrate transporters in Alzheimer’s disease: An updated review
Mukherjee, A. G., Mishra, S., Gopalakrishnan, A. V., Kannampuzha, S., Murali, R., Wanjari, U. R., Stany, B. K., Vellingiri, B., Madhyastha, H., Deepankumar, K., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102726 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Normal aging and cognition: The unacknowledged contribution of cerebrovascular risk factors
Morra, L. F., Zade, D. D., McGlinchey, R. E., & Milberg, W. (2012) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2012.693905 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gu, J., Cui, S., Qi, H., Li, J., Wu, W., Wang, S., Ni, J., & Miao, Z. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09390 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Orellana, A. M., Mazucanti, C. H., Andreotti, D. Z., Lima, L. D. S., Kawamoto, E. M., & Scavone, C. (2025) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.177587 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
DIABETES MELLITUS Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON DETERIORO COGNITIVO Y DEMENCIA
Gonzalo Muñoz, A., Degen, C., Schröder, J., & Pablo Toro, E. (2016) · Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes · doi:10.1016/j.rmclc.2016.04.015 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationComprehension of climate change and environmental attitudes across the lifespan
Degen, C., Kettner, S. E., Fischer, H., Lohse, J., Funke, J., Schwieren, C., Goeschl, T., & Schröder, J. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-014-0675-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurobiological and Psychological Aspects of Mild Cognitive Impairment – Bridging the Gap
Schönknecht, P. (2011) · GeroPsych · doi:10.1024/1662-9647/a000039 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationA New Perspective on Redefining and Preventing Diabetes to Prevent Dementia in High-Risk Populations
Gadgil, M. A., & Vásquez, E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70119-2_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diabetes and brain health: implications for practice
Dolan, C., Power, J. M., & LAWLOR, B. A. (2015) · Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/ipm.2015.55 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Östrogene und Alzheimer-Demenz
Schönknecht, P., & Schröder, J. (2011) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-010-0389-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationA Novel Method to Identify Differential Pathways in Hippocampus Alzheimer’s Disease
Liu, C.-H., & Liu, L. (2017) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.900929 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Technikeinsatz für ambulante Dienste – eine Hilfsorganisation geht innovative Wege
Siemer, M., Kolozis, A., Tietjen-Müller, C., Schwarz, M.-L., Timmermanns, S., Alexander, J., & Felscher, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-13644-4_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fatke, B., & Förstl, H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29908-7_19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vascular Cognitive Impairment: risk factors and brain MRI correlates
Reijmer, Y. D. (2012) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carvalho, C. (2013) · Estudo Geral (Universidade de Coimbra)
Estrategia de lucha contra "Ceratitis Capitata w." en cítricos
Olmos, R. V. M. (2002) · Hispana
- Authors
- Toro, P., Schönknecht, P., & Schröder, J.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schröder, Johannes
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-04-17
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 687-691
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W2113814333
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, mild cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition Disorders, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Germany, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Community Health Planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
