Cited by 214Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment StudiesErgonomics and Musculoskeletal DisordersHuman Health and Disease

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Near-Work Activity, Night-lights, and Myopia in the Singapore-China Study

Saw, Seang-Mei·2002·Archives of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among near-work activity, night-lights, and myopia in schoolchildren in Singapore and Xiamen, China. METHODS: The refractive error and ocular dimensions of 957 Chinese schoolchildren aged 7 to 9 years in Singapore and Xiamen, China, were determined using cycloplegic autorefraction and A-scan ultrasound biometry. Information on near-work activity (number of books read per week, reading in hours per day) and night-light use before age 2 years was obtained. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of myopia was 36.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.0%-40.3%) in Singapore and 18.5% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.1%) in Xiamen, China. The crude odds ratio (OR) of higher myopia (at least -3.0 diopters) for children who read more than 2 books per week was 3.50 (95% CI, 2.15-5.70). In a multivariate logistic regression model, the OR of higher myopia for children who read more was 2.81 (95% CI, 1.69-4.69), adjusted for age, night-light use, parental myopia, and country, whereas there was no association between night-light use before age 2 years and higher myopia (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.92-2.58), after controlling for age, books read per week, parental myopia, and country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ORs of higher myopia for children who read more and children who are exposed to night-lights before age 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Reading (number of books per week) may be associated with higher myopia in Chinese schoolchildren. However, night-light use does not seem to be related to higher myopia.

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Authors: Saw, S.-M.
Affiliations: National University of Singapore (SG)
Corresponding author: Saw, Seang-Mei
ORCID: Saw, Seang-Mei
Venue: Archives of Ophthalmology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2002-05-01
Volume: 120
Issue: 5
Pages: 620
ISSN: 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.120.5.620
OpenAlex: W2143330017
Cited by: 214
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 7.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Human Health and Disease
Keywords: myopia, reading, elementary school students, refractive error, parental myopia
MeSH terms: Child, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Human Activities, Lighting, Male, Myopia, Reading, Singapore, Work, Prevalence, Odds Ratio

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Near-Work Activity, Night-lights, and Myopia in the Singapore-China Study

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