Cited by 344Early Childhood Education and DevelopmentYouth Development and Social SupportChild and Adolescent Health

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Effects of a School-Based, Early Childhood Intervention on Adult Health and Well-being: A 19-Year Follow-up of Low-Income Families

Reynolds, Arthur J., Temple, Judy A., Ou, Suh-Ruu, Robertson, Dylan L., Mersky, Joshua P., Topitzes, James W., Niles, Michael D.·2007·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine

DOI 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of an established preventive intervention on the health and well-being of an urban cohort in young adulthood. DESIGN: Follow-up of a nonrandomized alternative-intervention matched-group cohort at age 24 years. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1539 low-income participants who enrolled in the Child-Parent Center program in 20 sites or in an alternative kindergarten intervention. INTERVENTIONS: The Child-Parent Center program provides school-based educational enrichment and comprehensive family services from preschool to third grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Educational attainment, adult arrest and incarceration, health status and behavior, and economic well-being. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison group and adjusted for many covariates, Child-Parent Center preschool participants had higher rates of school completion (63.7% vs 71.4%, respectively; P = .01) and attendance in 4-year colleges as well as more years of education. They were more likely to have health insurance coverage (61.5% vs 70.2%, respectively; P = .005). Preschool graduates relative to the comparison group also had lower rates of felony arrests (16.5% vs 21.1%, respectively; P = .02), convictions, incarceration (20.6% vs 25.6%, respectively; P = .03), depressive symptoms (12.8% vs 17.4%, respectively; P=.06), and out-of-home placement. Participation in both preschool and school-age intervention relative to the comparison group was associated with higher rates of full-time employment (42.7% vs 36.4%, respectively; P = .04), higher levels of educational attainment, lower rates of arrests for violent offenses, and lower rates of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a school-based intervention beginning in preschool was associated with a wide range of positive outcomes. Findings provide evidence that established early education programs can have enduring effects on general well-being into adulthood.

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Background
How do digital financial literacy, financial behavior, and skills affect financial well-being? An Exploratory Study on Gen Z
Muat, S., Fachrurrozi, F., & Sari, N. (2024) · IJBE (Integrated Journal of Business and Economics) · doi:10.33019/ijbe.v8i1.851 · Cited by 13
Health impacts of the Sure Start programme on disadvantaged children in the UK: a systematic review
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“The Child-Parent Center program was designed to provide educational enrichment in preschool, school, and family services to children through grade 3 (Reynolds et al. 2007).”
Method
Early childhood to young adulthood: An introduction to the special issue
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“In addition to the positive associations with school achievement, associations with other domains have been shown as well, such as delinquency and economic well being (Reynolds et al., 2001, 2007; Schweinhart, Barnett, & Weikart, 1993; Yoshikawa, 1995).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Using Telehealth to address disparities in cognitive, language, and emotion regulation problems in young children: A case illustration using the INvesT model
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“…University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311335, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group including depression and social inhibition (Campbell et al., 2014; Reynolds et al., 2007), and reduction in violent behaviour (Walker et al., 2011).”
Background
Perceived Characteristics of Aggressiveness in Male Adolescent Athletes and Nonathletes
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CHILD DEVELOPMENT: COMPARISON BETWEEN CHILDREN WHO ATTEND OR DO NOT ATTEND PUBLIC DAYCARE CENTRES
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Childhood predictors of adult obesity in the Chicago Longitudinal Study
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Self-citation
Effect of Early Intervention on Developmental Domains and Parent–Child Interaction Among Children With Developmental Delay: A Randomized Controlled Study
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“Notably, children with DD face an elevated likelihood of behavior problems, including challenges in social – emotional and interactive domains (Reynolds et al., 2007; Steenis et al., 2015).”
Psychological well-being in midlife following early childhood intervention
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript to long-term PW (e.g., Reynolds et al., 2007; Reynolds & Ou, 2011).”
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Investing in youth: an empowerment strategy
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Children’s Cognitive Development in Social Vulnerability: An Interventional Experience
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“(Reynolds & Temple, 1998; Reynolds, Temple, Robertson, & Mann 2001; Reynolds et al., 2007).”
A grounded theory of educational psychologists’ mental health casework in schools: connection, direction and reconstruction through consultation
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“A long-term follow-up of an intervention for disadvantaged students in the USA demonstrated significant improvements in employment and educational achievement, and lower rates of convictions and disability after involvement in the intervention (Reynolds et al. 2007).”
Background
Using Impact Bonds to Achieve Early Childhood Development Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Gustafsson‐Wright, E., & Gardiner, S. (2016) · Brookings Institution eBooks · Cited by 9
Are parent involvement and school quality associated with adult smoking behaviors? Findings from an urban early childhood cohort
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Self-citation
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Henderson, M., Wittkowski, A., McIntosh, E., McConnachie, A., Buston, K., Wilson, P., Calam, R. M., Minnis, H., Thompson, L. C., O'Dowd, J. J., et al. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3571-5 · Cited by 9
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Prevention and social care for adults with learning disabilities
Emerson, E., Hatton, C., & Robertson, J. (2011) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 8
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Self-citation
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“This may be due to the low impact of pre-school education on subjective well-being (Bozgün & Akın-Kösterelioğlu, 2020) or the fact that the effects of pre-school attendance become more pronounced at later ages, as in family income (Reynolds et al., 2007).”
Background
Dosage Effects in the Child-Parent Center PreK-to-3rd Grade Program: A Re-analysis in the Chicago Longitudinal Study
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“It is worth noting that school-age program was not significantly associated with outcomes when it was examined with the preschool program as two separate components in previous CLS studies (Reynolds, Temple, Ou, et al., 2011; Reynolds et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMethodResultSelf-citation
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“…and educational attainment Ou and Reynolds 295 have been reported (Ou & Reynolds, 2006, 2008, 2010; Reynolds, Temple, Ou, Arteaga, & White, 2011; Reynolds et al., 2007; Reynolds, Temple, Robertson, & Mann, 2001), program participation was included as a covariate to ensure that any difference…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Impacts and Implications of the Child-Parent Center Preschool Program
Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., & Ou, S. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511762666.009 · Cited by 8
“Some program effects were stronger for males, 2-year preschool participants, and children in centers rated high in child-initiated activities (see Reynolds et al., 2001, 2007).”
Self-citation

Authors: Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S.-R., Robertson, D. L., Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J. W., & Niles, M. D.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
Arizona State University (US)
ORCID: Reynolds, Arthur J.
Temple, Judy A.
Ou, Suh-Ruu
Mersky, Joshua P.
Topitzes, James W.
Venue: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2007-08-01
Volume: 161
Issue: 8
Pages: 730
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730
OpenAlex: W2101473826
Cited by: 344
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 118.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD034294)
Topics: Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
Keywords: Child-Parent Center, early childhood intervention, preschool education, school-based intervention, low-income children, urban youth, educational attainment, incarceration, arrests, depressive symptoms, health insurance coverage, employment, economic well-being, family support, long-term outcomes
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American, Chicago, Child, Crime, Educational Status, Employment, Family Health, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Holistic Health, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups, Parents, Poverty, Poverty Areas, Prospective Studies, Schools, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Universities, Urban Population, Program Evaluation, Early Intervention, Educational

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Effects of a School-Based, Early Childhood Intervention on Adult Health and Well-being: A 19-Year Follow-up of Low-Income Families

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