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Effects of a School-Based, Early Childhood Intervention on Adult Health and Well-being: A 19-Year Follow-up of Low-Income Families
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of an established preventive intervention on the health and well-being of an urban cohort in young adulthood. DESIGN: Follow-up of a nonrandomized alternative-intervention matched-group cohort at age 24 years. SETTING: Chicago, Illinois. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1539 low-income participants who enrolled in the Child-Parent Center program in 20 sites or in an alternative kindergarten intervention. INTERVENTIONS: The Child-Parent Center program provides school-based educational enrichment and comprehensive family services from preschool to third grade. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Educational attainment, adult arrest and incarceration, health status and behavior, and economic well-being. RESULTS: Relative to the comparison group and adjusted for many covariates, Child-Parent Center preschool participants had higher rates of school completion (63.7% vs 71.4%, respectively; P = .01) and attendance in 4-year colleges as well as more years of education. They were more likely to have health insurance coverage (61.5% vs 70.2%, respectively; P = .005). Preschool graduates relative to the comparison group also had lower rates of felony arrests (16.5% vs 21.1%, respectively; P = .02), convictions, incarceration (20.6% vs 25.6%, respectively; P = .03), depressive symptoms (12.8% vs 17.4%, respectively; P=.06), and out-of-home placement. Participation in both preschool and school-age intervention relative to the comparison group was associated with higher rates of full-time employment (42.7% vs 36.4%, respectively; P = .04), higher levels of educational attainment, lower rates of arrests for violent offenses, and lower rates of disability. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in a school-based intervention beginning in preschool was associated with a wide range of positive outcomes. Findings provide evidence that established early education programs can have enduring effects on general well-being into adulthood.
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“At age 24 years, in comparison with control subjects, participants had lower rates of out-of-home placement (indicating child abuse), lower rates of arrests and conviction for violent behaviors, and lower rates of disability.”
From Education improves public health and promotes health equity (2015) · cites this paper as [43]
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“The Chicago Longitudinal Study shows positive effects of the Child-Parent Center program, a school-based program that provided academic, health, and family support to low-SES children of color through the third grade during the early-to mid-1980s in Chicago (Reynolds et al., 2007).”
Young Children’s Social and Emotional Adjustment and Caregiver Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic
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“…young children, including improving their self-esteem, motivation, executive functioning, and social behavior (cf., Bierman et al., 2014; Campbell et al., 2012; Lipscomb et al., 2013; Reynolds et al., 2001, 2007, 2018; Schweinhart et al., 2005 ; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000; Yoshikawa et al., 2013).”
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Bisla, I., Reynolds, A. J., & Ou, S. (2025) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-024-10008-6 · Cited by 2
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“Four studies that have had both short- and long-term positive outcomes are: the HighScope Perry Preschool Program (Schweinhart, Barnes, & Weikart, 1993; Schweinhart et al., 2005), the Carolina Abecedarian Project, the Chicago Child-Parent Centers (Reynolds, 2000; Reynolds et al., 2007), and the Infant Health and Devel…”
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Underpaid but Choosing to Stay: Compensation Inequity in Kentucky Public Preschool
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Key Elements and Strategies of Effective Early Childhood Education Programs: Lessons from the Field
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Preschool instructional approach and adult well-being
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Time to make a change. Early Start Denver Model for Young Children with ASD
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Working with Vulnerable Primary School Aged Children and their Families
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Enriching Children, Enriching the Nation: Public Investment in High-Quality Prekindergarten
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Pleuss, J. (2012) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Qi, X. (2015) · Birkbeck Institutional Research Online (BiRO) - Theses · doi:10.18743/pub.00040152 · Cited by 1
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Criminal Capital, Education, and Employment: Evidence from Juvenile OffendersPreprint
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Metadata
- Authors
- Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S.-R., Robertson, D. L., Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J. W., & Niles, M. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- Arizona State University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2007-08-01
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 730
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101473826
- Cited by
- 344
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 118.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD034294)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Youth Development and Social Support
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Child and Adolescent Health
- Keywords
- Child-Parent Center, early childhood intervention, preschool education, school-based intervention, low-income children, urban youth, educational attainment, incarceration, arrests, depressive symptoms, health insurance coverage, employment, economic well-being, family support, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Black or African American, Chicago, Child, Crime, Educational Status, Employment, Family Health, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Holistic Health, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Minority Groups, Parents, Poverty, Poverty Areas, Prospective Studies, Schools, Social Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Universities, Urban Population, Program Evaluation, Early Intervention, Educational
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