Complicated grief and associated risk factors among parents following a child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent of complicated grief symptoms and associated risk factors among parents whose child died in a pediatric intensive care unit. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey conducted by mail and telephone. SETTING: Seven children's hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network from January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2008. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred sixty-one parents from 872 families whose child died in a pediatric intensive care unit 6 months earlier. MAIN EXPOSURE: Assessment of potential risk factors, including demographic and clinical variables, and parent psychosocial characteristics, such as attachment style, caregiving style, grief avoidance, and social support. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Parent report of complicated grief symptoms using the Inventory of Complicated Grief. Total scale range is from 0 to 76; scores of 30 or higher suggest complicated grief. RESULTS: Mean (SD) Inventory of Complicated Grief scores among parents were 33.7 (14.1). Fifty-nine percent of parents (95% confidence interval, 53%-65%) had scores of 30 or higher. Variables independently associated with higher symptom scores in multivariable analysis included being the biological mother or female guardian, trauma as the cause of death, greater attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance, and greater grief avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Parents who responded to our survey experienced a high level of complicated grief symptoms 6 months after their child's death in the pediatric intensive care unit. However, our estimate of the extent of complicated grief symptoms may be biased because of a high number of nonresponders. Better understanding of complicated grief and its risk factors among parents will allow those most vulnerable to receive professional bereavement support.
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- Authors
- Meert, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meert, Kathleen L.
- ORCID
- Meert, Kathleen L.
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1045
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3279721
- OpenAlex
- W2159998150
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u10hd049983-07)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U10HD049981, U10-HD049983, U10HD050096, U01HD049934, U10HD050012, UG1HD050096, U10HD049945, RL1HD107773, U10 HD-500009)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- complicated grief, parental bereavement, child death, pediatric intensive care unit, risk factors, attachment styles, social support, caregiving styles, Inventory of Complicated Grief, bereavement support
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Grief, Humans, Male, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Social Support, United States, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
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