The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Hospitalization for Infection in Childhood With Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Danish Cohort Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between hospitalization for infection in the perinatal/neonatal period or childhood and the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). DESIGN: A population-based cohort study. SETTING: Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: All children born in Denmark from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2002, comprising a total of 1 418 152 children. EXPOSURE: Infection requiring hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for ASDs among children hospitalized for infection compared with other children. RESULTS: A total of 7379 children were diagnosed as having ASDs. Children admitted to the hospital for any infectious disease displayed an increased rate of ASD diagnoses (HR, 1.38 [95% confidence interval, 1.31-1.45]). This association was found to be similar for infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origin. Furthermore, children admitted to the hospital for noninfectious disease also displayed an increased rate of ASD diagnoses (HR, 1.76 [95% confidence interval, 1.68-1.86]), and admissions for infection increased the rate of mental retardation (2.18 [2.06-2.31]). CONCLUSIONS: The association between hospitalization for infection and ASDs observed in this study does not suggest causality because a general association is observed across different infection groups. Also, the association is not specific for infection or for ASDs. We discuss a number of noncausal explanatory models.
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“The link between MIA and enhanced risk for ASD is bolstered by large-scale population-based studies showing small but significantly increased risk due to maternal prenatal infections [117–122].”
From The ASD Living Biology: from cell proliferation to clinical phenotype (2019) · cites this paper as [118]
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Cites
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The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons.
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Follow-up report on autism in congenital rubella
Chess, S. (1977) · Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia · doi:10.1007/bf01531116 · Cited by 378
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Reber, M. E. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511978616.003 · Cited by 1
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Environmental Factors and Gene‐Environment Interactions
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Bailey, A. R. (2012) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
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Masino, S. A., & Ruskin, D. N. (2013) · Trinity College Digital Repository (Trinity College, Hartford CT)
The trouble with neurodiversity : etiologies, normativity, and the autistic struggle for identity
Garen, J. C. (2014) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0166071
Is Autism in Children Associated with Previous Infection
Baltimore, R. S. (2010) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/id201005120000002
Silva, L. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.42.2022.tde-08082023-101118
Understanding the Neurobiological Components of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Thompson, B. L. (2024) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66932-3_6
Connor, C. (2011) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/9s7h-s649
“Early studies in the 1960’s linked rubella epidemics with increased rates of autism and a recent study of over 10,000 autism cases from the Danish Medical Registrar found an association with maternal viral infection [34-36].”
BackgroundA developmental map of pathogen-avoidance behaviors
Ozcakan, S., van Leeuwen, F., & Tybur, J. M. (2026) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2026.106946
Metadata
- Authors
- Atladóttir, H. Ó., Thorsen, P., Schendel, D. E., Østergaard, L., Lemcke, S., & Parner, E. T.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-05-01
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 470-7
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986945466
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, infection hospitalization, infectious diseases, pediatric infection, intellectual disability, bacterial infection, viral infection
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Birth Weight, Child, Child, Hospitalized, Child, Preschool, Denmark, Female, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infections, Male, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models
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