The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive Processes in Depression
Abstract
During depressive episodes, patients show both qualitative and quantitative changes in how information is processed. Depressed patients appear to use weak or incomplete encoding strategies to organize and transform events to be remembered. This makes these events less memorable. If the depressed patient is provided organization and structure, then learning-memory deficits are not apparent. Disruptions in arousal-activation in depression can account for these cognitive impairments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
HAMILTON, M. (1967) · British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x · Cited by 8,410
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
Atkinson, R. C., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) · Psychology of Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60422-3 · Cited by 7,216
Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory.
Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0020071 · Cited by 4,540
Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory
Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.104.3.268 · Cited by 4,121
Concreteness, imagery, and meaningfulness values for 925 nouns.
Paivio, A., Yuille, J. C., & Madigan, S. A. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025327 · Cited by 2,827
The Teacher's Word Book of 30, 000 Words
Thorndike, E. L., & Lorge, I. D. (2018) · Cited by 2,656
Battig, W. F., & Montague, W. E. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027577 · Cited by 2,570
The Processing of Information and Structure
Royer, F. L., & Garner, W. R. (1974) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421985 · Cited by 2,117
Human Memory and the Cholinergic System: A Relationship to Aging?
Drachman, D. A. (1974) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1974.00490320001001 · Cited by 1,397
Comparison of measures for the estimation of clustering in free recall.
Roenker, D. L., Thompson, C. P., & Brown, S. C. (1971) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0031355 · Cited by 767
Cited by
Mayberg, H. S., Liotti, M., Brannan, S. K., McGinnis, S., Mahurin, R. K., Jerabek, P. A., Silva, J. A., Tekell, J. L., Martin, C. C., Lancaster, J. L., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.5.675 · Cited by 2,416
Snyder, H. R. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028727 · Cited by 1,667
Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression
(1997) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.471 · Cited by 1,585
Jorm, A. F. (1994) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170002691x · Cited by 1,204
Cognitive deficits in depression: Possible implications for functional neuropathology
Austin, M.-P., Mitchell, P., & Goodwin, G. M. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.3.200 · Cited by 1,154
Metadata
- Authors
- Weingartner, H.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1981-01-01
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968885161
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 17.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cognitive Processes in Depression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780260044004
- The paper
- Weingartner, H. (1981). Cognitive Processes in Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780260044004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
