Cited by 240Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioral and Psychological StudiesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (the MTA): Design Challenges and Choices

Arnold, L. Eugene·1997·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the MTA, is the first child multisite cooperative agreement treatment study of children conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Md. It examines the long-term effectiveness of medication vs behavioral treatment vs both for treatment of ADHD and compares state-of-the-art treatment with routine community care. In a parallel-groups design, 576 children (age, 7-9 years) with ADHD (96 at each site) are thoroughly assessed and randomized to 4 conditions: (1) medication alone, (2) psychosocial treatment alone, (3) the combination of both, (4) or community comparison. The first 3 groups are treated for 14 months and all are reassessed periodically for 24 months. Designers met the following challenges: framing clinically relevant primary questions; defining the target population; choice, intensity, and integration and combination of treatments for fair comparisons; combining scientific controls and standardization with clinical flexibility; and implementing a controlled clinical trial in a nonclinical setting (school) controlled by others. Innovative solutions included extensive decision algorithms and manualized adaptations of treatments to specific needs.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research.
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
Testing the integrity of a psychotherapy protocol: Assessment of adherence and competence
Waltz, J., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., & Jacobson, N. S. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.4.620 · Cited by 873
Helping the noncompliant child : a clinician's guide to parent training
Forehand, R., McMahon, R. J., & Wahler, R. G. (1981) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 757
On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: Current issues, new directions.
Barlow, D. H. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.49.2.147 · Cited by 313
Utilization of psychotherapy research by practicing psychotherapists.
Morrow-Bradley, C., & Elliott, R. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.2.188 · Cited by 307
Defiant children : a clinician's manual for parent training
Barkley, R. A. (1987) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 300
NIMH collaborative multisite multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD: I. Background and rationale.
Richters, J., Arnold, L. E., Jensen, P., Abikoff, H., Conners, C., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S. P., Pelham, W., & Swanson, J. M. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199508000-00008 · Cited by 299
Medication treatment strategies in the MTA Study: relevance to clinicians and researchers
GREENHILL, L. L., ABIKOFF, H. B., ARNOLD, L. E., CANTWELL, D. P., CONNERS, C. K., ELLIOTT, G., HECHTMAN, L., HINSHAW, S. P., HOZA, B., JENSEN, P. S., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00017 · Cited by 297
Separate and combined effects of methylphenidate and behavior modification on boys with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in the classroom.
Pelham, W. E., Carlson, C. L., Sams, S. E., Vallano, G., Dixon, M. J., & Hoza, B. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.3.506 · Cited by 266
Additive Effects of Psychostimulants, Parent Training, and Self-Control Therapy with ADHD Children
Horn, W. F., Ialongo, N. S., Pascoe, J. M., Greenberg, G. S., Packard, T. R., LOPEZ, M., WAGNER, A., & Puttler, L. I. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199103000-00011 · Cited by 167

Show all 20 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 240

Developmental progression to early adult binge drinking and marijuana use from worsening versus stable trajectories of adolescent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and delinquency
Howard, A. L., Molina, B. S. G., Swanson, J. M., Hinshaw, S. P., Belendiuk, K. A., Harty, S. C., Arnold, L. E., Abikoff, H., Hechtman, L. T., Stehli, A., et al. (2015) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12880 · Cited by 44
“Recruitment strategy, detailed inclusion/ exclusion criteria, diagnostic procedures, treatment protocol, and sample demographics appear elsewhere [16,29].”
Association Between Stimulant Treatment and Substance Use Through Adolescence Into Early Adulthood.
Molina, B. S. G., Kennedy, T. M., Howard, A. L., Swanson, J. M., Arnold, L. E., Mitchell, J. T., Stehli, A., Kennedy, E. H., Epstein, J. N., Hechtman, L. T., et al. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2157 · Cited by 42
Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Vaughan, B., & Kratochvil, C. J. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.07.005 · Cited by 46
Child and Parent Predictors of Perceptions of Parent—Child Relationship Quality
Gerdes, A. C., Hoza, B., Arnold, L. E., Hinshaw, S. P., Wells, K. C., Hechtman, L. T., Greenhill, L. L., Swanson, J. M., Pelham, W. E., & Wigal, T. L. (2007) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054706295664 · Cited by 40
“A detailed description of these treatments may be found elsewhere (Arnold et al., 1997; Greenhill et al., 1996; Wells et al., 2000).”
Background
Current concepts and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Jensen, P. S. (2000) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-000-0053-z · Cited by 40
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Overview
Stubbe, D. E. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30101-9 · Cited by 41
Neuroanatomical Abnormalities in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Garrett, A. S., Penniman, L. C., Epstein, J. N., Casey, B. J., Hinshaw, S. P., Glover, G. H., Tonev, S. T., Vitolo, A., Davidson, M., Spicer, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318185d285 · Cited by 38
Prevalência do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e suas comorbidades em uma amostra de escolares
Pastura, G. M. C., Mattos, P., & Araújo, A. (2007) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2007000600033 · Cited by 38
From Clinic to School: Translating a Collaborative School-Home Behavioral Intervention for ADHD
Pfiffner, L. J., Kaiser, N. M., Burner, C., Zalecki, C. A., Rooney, M. E., Setty, P., & McBurnett, K. (2011) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-011-9059-4 · Cited by 37
ADHD: Overdiagnosed and overtreated, or misdiagnosed and mistreated?
Manos, M. J., Giuliano, K., & Geyer, E. (2017) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.84a.15051 · Cited by 37
Lessons from Large Trials: The MTA Study as a Model for Evaluating the Treatment of Childhood Psychiatric Disorder
Boyle, M. H., & Jadad, A. R. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379904401005 · Cited by 37
From the Editor
(2000) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705470000300401 · Cited by 50
The Effect of Involving Classroom Teachers in a Parent Training Program for Families of Children with ADHD
Corkum, P. V., McKinnon, M. M., & Mullane, J. C. (2005) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1300/j019v27n04_02 · Cited by 35
“The results of the Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (the “MTA study”; Arnold et al., 1997) provided only limited support for the additional benefits of behavioral interventions (over pharmacological treatment only) in the management of ADHD (Cunningham, 1999; Jensen,…”
Result
Personality Mediation of Genetic Effects on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Martel, M. M., Nikolas, M. A., Jernigan, K. A., Friderici, K. H., & Nigg, J. T. (2010) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-010-9392-3 · Cited by 35
“Recruitment and Identification A broad community-based recruitment strategy was used, with mass mailings to parents in local school districts, public advertisements, and fliers at local clinics, to mimic the recruitment strategy of the MTA study (Arnold et al. 1997).”
ADHD and the Dopamine Transporter: Are There Reasons to Pay Attention?
Mazei‐Robison, M. S., & Blakely, R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29784-7_17 · Cited by 34
Fact versus Fancy concerning the Multimodal Treatment Study for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Jensen, P. S. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379904401003 · Cited by 32
Longer term effects of stimulant treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Jensen, P. S. (2002) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/070674370200601s06 · Cited by 31
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in intellectual disability
Racusin, R. J., Kovner-Kline, K., & King, B. H. (1999) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1999)5:4 · Cited by 13
A family based study of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Turic, D., Williams, H. J., Langley, K., Owen, M. J., Thapar, A., & O’Donovan, M. C. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30123 · Cited by 31
“Pharmacological studies have shown that stimulant medication, such asmethylphenidate, helps to alleviate symptoms in 70%– 90% of treated children [Taylor, 1994; Arnold et al., 1997].”
Background
Evidence based medicine and evaluation of mental health services: methodological issues and future directions
Barnes, J., Stein, A. L., & Rosenberg, W. M. (1999) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.80.3.280 · Cited by 29
AACAP 2002 Research Forum: Placebo and Alternatives to Placebo in Randomized Controlled Trials in Pediatric Psychopharmacology
March, J. S., Kratochvil, C. J., Clarke, G. N., Beardslee, W. R., Derivan, A., Emslie, G. J., Green, E. P., Heiligenstein, J. H., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoagwood, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000129606.83206.77 · Cited by 30
Symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in long‐term survivors of childhood leukemia
Krull, K. R., Khan, R. B., Ness, K. K., Ledet, D. S., Zhu, L., Pui, C., Howard, S. C., Srivastava, D. K., Sabin, N. D., Hudson, M. M., et al. (2011) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.22994 · Cited by 29
Does multimodal treatment of ADHD decrease other diagnoses?
Hechtman, L. T., Etcovitch, J., Platt, R. W., Arnold, L. E., Abikoff, H., Newcorn, J. H., Hoza, B., Hinshaw, S. P., KRAEMER, H. C., Wells, K., et al. (2005) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.007 · Cited by 29
ADHD and manic symptoms: Diagnostic and treatment implications
Galanter, C. A., Pagar, D., Davies, M., Li, W., Carlson, G. A., Abikoff, H., Arnold, L. E., Bukstein, O. G., Pelham, W. E., Elliott, G. R., et al. (2005) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.008 · Cited by 29
The Future of Research and Practice in Behavioral Disorders: Psychopharmacology and Its School Implications
Forness, S. R., Kavale, K. A., Sweeney, D. P., & Crenshaw, T. M. (1999) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299902400401 · Cited by 29
Assessing the services for children with ADHD: Gaps and opportunities
Sloan, M., Jensen, P. S., & KETTLE, L. (1999) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/108705479900300102 · Cited by 29
WHAAM: A mobile application for ubiquitous monitoring of ADHD behaviors
Spachos, D., Chifari, A., Chiazzese, G., Merlo, G., Doherty, G. J., & Bamidis, P. D. (2014) · International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning · doi:10.1109/imctl.2014.7011153 · Cited by 28
“Taking inspiration from multimodal interventions [11], [12], [13], the application involves parents, teachers, and health professionals in the management of undesired ADHD behaviors.”
Background
Development of an Internet‐based real‐time system for monitoring pharmacological interventions in children with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders
Gringras, P., Santosh, P., & Baird, G. (2006) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00653.x · Cited by 28
Metacognitive Remediation in Adult ADHD
Wasserstein, J., & LYNN, A. (2001) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05791.x · Cited by 28
The children’s services interview: validity and reliability
Ford, T. J., Hamilton, H., Dosani, S., Burke, L., & Goodman, R. (2006) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0092-9 · Cited by 28
“The SCA-PI, another measure based on American service structures, was developed for use in the Multisite Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA trial) [1], and is thus the only instrument specifically developed for use in clinical trials [15].”
Method
The Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children: The State of Our Knowledge and Practice
Dreyer, B. P. (2005) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2005.10.001 · Cited by 29
Early substance use in the pathway from childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to young adult substance use: Evidence of statistical mediation and substance specificity.
Howard, A. L., Kennedy, T. M., Mitchell, J. T., Sibley, M. H., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., Roy, A., Stehli, A., Swanson, J. M., & Molina, B. S. G. (2019) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000542 · Cited by 29
Spanish-Language Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents (SACA): Reliability of Parent and Adolescent Reports
Bean, D. L., Rotheram‐Borus, M. J., Leibowitz, A. A., Horwitz, S. M., & Weidmer, B. A. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200302000-00019 · Cited by 26
“, 1996); the Service for Children and Adolescents Parent Interview (SCA-PI) (Arnold et al., 1997); and the Referral Sequence and Problem Interview (RSPI) (J.”
Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: management.
Szymanski, M. L., & Zolotor, A. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 26
Response to Commentary on the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (MTA): Mining the Meaning of the MTA
Swanson, Arnold, L. E., Vitiello, B., Abikoff, H., Wells, Pelham, W. E., March, J. S., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoza, B., Epstein, et al. (2002) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1015709706388 · Cited by 24
Depression and ADHD-Related Risk for Substance Use in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Concurrent and Prospective Associations in the MTA
Howard, A. L., Kennedy, T. M., Macdonald, E. P., Mitchell, J. T., Sibley, M. H., Roy, A., Arnold, L. E., Epstein, J. N., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoza, B., et al. (2019) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-019-00573-y · Cited by 26
Avaliação da memória de trabalho em crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade
Messina, L. D. F., & Tiedemann, K. B. (2009) · Psicologia USP · doi:10.1590/s0103-65642009000200005 · Cited by 24
“À medida que o indivíduo cresce, ocorrem também taxas crescentes de co-morbidade, ou seja, outros transtornos mentais (Arnold et al., 1997; Kendall & Chansky, 1991; Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenso, 2001).”
Ethnicity as a Moderator of Treatment Effects on Parent—Child Interaction for Children With ADHD
Jones, H. A., Epstein, J. N., Hinshaw, S. P., Owens, E. B., Chi, T. C., Arnold, L. E., Hoza, B., & Wells, K. C. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054709332158 · Cited by 24
Changes in behavior as side effects in methylphenidate treatment: review of the literature
Konrad-Bindl, D. S., Gresser, U., & Richartz, B. M. (2016) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s114185 · Cited by 24
Academic Performance in ADHD When Controlled for Comorbid Learning Disorders, Family Income, and Parental Education in Brazil
Pastura, G. M. C., Mattos, P., & Araújo, A. (2009) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054708320401 · Cited by 23
“The SNAP-IV was chosen because of its psychometric properties, previous use in large international studies, and its availability in Portuguese language (Arnold et al., 1997; Hinshaw et al., 1997; Mattos, Serra-Pinheiro, Rohde, & Pinto, 2006; Swanson, 1995; Swanson et al., 2001).”
Method
Development of adaptable and flexible treatment manuals for externalizing and internalizing disorders in children and adolescents
Bauermeister, J. J., So, C., Jensen, P. S., Krispin, O., & Din, A. S. E. (2006) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462006000100013 · Cited by 23
Predictors of Long-Term School-Based Behavioral Outcomes in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Reed, M. O., Jakubovski, E., Johnson, J. A., & Bloch, M. H. (2017) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0168 · Cited by 21
Drug Class Review on Pharmacologic Treatments for ADHD
McDonagh, M. S., Peterson, K., & Thakurta, S. (2005) · Cited by 21
MANAGEMENT OF STIMULANT MEDICATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
ADESMAN, A. R., & Morgan, A. M. (1999) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70165-6 · Cited by 21
Psychotic Symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Analysis of the MTA Database
Vitiello, B., Algorta, G. P., Arnold, L. E., Howard, A. L., Stehli, A., & Molina, B. S. G. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.016 · Cited by 20
Institutionalized Intolerance of ADHD: Sources and Consequences
Hawthorne, S. C. C. (2010) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01113.x · Cited by 19
Children with ADHD in Residential Care
Casey, K. J., Hagaman, J. L., Trout, A. L., Reid, R. R., Chmelka, B., Thompson, R. W., & Daly, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9198-x · Cited by 20
Análise da eficácia do metilfenidato usando a versão abreviada do questionário de conners em transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade
de Andrade, Ê. R., & Scheuer, C. (2004) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2004000100014 · Cited by 18
In the Wake of the MTA: Charting a New Course for the Study and Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Cunningham, C. E. (1999) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379904401006 · Cited by 17
“Clients randomized to the combined-treatment condition received an integrated combination of behavioural treatment and medication management (2)”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Tic Suppression: The Medical Model
Wu, S. W., Harris, E., & Gilbert, D. L. (2010) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0015 · Cited by 16
“The total number of studied patients numbered fewer than 600, approximately equivalent to the number in the Multimodal Treatment of ADHD study (Arnold et al. 1997; The MTA Cooperative Group 1999).”
Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Gutman, S. A., & Szczepanski, M. (2005) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1300/j004v21n02_02 · Cited by 16
“Arnold et al. (1997) compared the effectiveness of four treatment options in approximately 600 children with ADHD: (a) stimulant management, (b) behavioral management, (c) combined stimulant and behavioral management, and (d) a control group.”
Background
Emergency/Adjunct Services and Attrition Prevention for Randomized Clinical Trials in Children: The MTA Manual-Based Solution
Abikoff, H., Arnold, L. E., Newcorn, J. H., Elliott, G. R., Hechtman, L. T., Severe, J. B., Wigal, T. L., Shapiro, C. J., Cantwell, D. P., Conners, C. K., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200205000-00006 · Cited by 16
The future of mobile health ADHD applications
Pandria, N., Spachos, D., & Bamidis, P. D. (2015) · International Conference on Interactive Mobile Communication, Technologies and Learning · doi:10.1109/imctl.2015.7359603 · Cited by 16
Gestational and postnatal tobacco smoke exposure as predictor of ADHD, comorbid ODD/CD, and treatment response in the MTA
Arnold, L. E., Elliott, M., Lindsay, R. L., Molina, B. S. G., Cornelius, M. D., Vitiello, B., Hechtman, L. T., Elliott, G. R., Newcorn, J. H., Epstein, J. N., et al. (2005) · Clinical Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.cnr.2005.09.009 · Cited by 15
The meaning of a multimodal approach for children with ADHD: experiences of service professionals
Hazelwood, E., Bovingdon, T., & Tiemens, K. (2002) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00279.x · Cited by 15
An Update on Assessment and Treatment of Complex Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hunt, R. D., Paguin, A., & Payton, K. (2001) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0090-4481-20010301-10 · Cited by 14
Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Kehoe, W. A. (2001) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.10353 · Cited by 14
The Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Motor Proficiency in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Liu, H. L. V., Sun, F., Anderson, D. I., & Tse, A. C. Y. (2023) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-023-01546-5 · Cited by 13
Association between societal costs and treatment response in children and adolescents with ADHD and their parents. A cross-sectional study in the Netherlands
van der Kolk, A., Bouwmans, C. A. M., Schawo, S. J., Buitelaar, J. K., van Agthoven, M., & Roijen, L. H. (2015) · SpringerPlus · doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0978-7 · Cited by 13
“It has been described before that studying ADHD is a challenge and concessions must be made considering time, money and information needed (Arnold et al. 1997).”
Multimodale Therapie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung im Kindesalter
Jans, T., Kreiker, S., & Warnke, A. (2008) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-008-2512-4 · Cited by 13
The Neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Willcutt, E. G., Brodsky, K. L., Chhabildas, N. A., Shanahan, M. A., Yerys, B. E., Scott, A., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Contemporary clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1385/1-59259-891-9:185 · Cited by 13
Psychosocial Treatment Issues in the MTA: A Reply to Greene and Ablon
Hoza, B. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3001_15 · Cited by 13
“It represents one possible research design, and it addresses one set of questions (see Arnold et al., 1997a, 1997b, and Richters et al., 1995, for detailed descriptions of its rationale, primary research questions, and design).”
Background
Uses and misuses of treatments for ADHD. The second Birgit Olsson lecture
Taylor, E. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2013.804118 · Cited by 13
Gesundheitsökonomie der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung in Deutschland
Schlander, M., Trott, G.-E., & Schwarz, O. (2009) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-009-2889-8 · Cited by 12
Interpreting the inner world of ADHD children: psychoanalytic perspectives
Salomonsson, B. (2017) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2017.1298269 · Cited by 11
“The NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as the MTA study, (Arnold et al., 1997; Swanson et al., 2008) did not include it in the treatment arsenal, and neither the reviews of psychosocial treatments by Eyberg,…”
Empirical Evaluation of the Generalizability of the Sample from the Multimodal Treatment Study for ADHD
Stevens, J. H., Kelleher, K. J., Greenhouse, J. B., Chen, G., Xiang, H., Kaizar, E. E., Jensen, P. S., & Arnold, L. E. (2006) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-006-0097-4 · Cited by 10
Adult substance use as a function of growth in peer use across adolescence and young adulthood in the context of ADHD: Findings from the MTA
Kennedy, T. M., Howard, A. L., Mitchell, J. T., Hoza, B., Arnold, L. E., Hechtman, L. T., Swanson, J. M., Stehli, A., & Molina, B. S. G. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106106 · Cited by 12
“ADHD probands ages 7.0–9.9 (M=8.5, SD=.80) were recruited from schools, pediatricians, mental health practitioners/clinics, family-based referrals, and advertisements at seven sites in the U.S. and Canada (Arnold et al, 1997; Hinshaw et al., 1997), and randomly assigned to receive medication management, behavior thera…”
BackgroundInfluential
TOWARD A STANDARD OF CARE FOR CHILD ADHD: IMPLICATIONS FOR MARRIAGE AND FAMILY THERAPISTS
Orr, J. M., Miller, R. B., & Polson, D. M. (2005) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01563.x · Cited by 10
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_179716 · Cited by 10
Children's Mental Health Research
Hoagwood, K., Jensen, P. S., McKay, M. M., & Olin, S.-C. S. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307825.001.0001 · Cited by 9
Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up
Elmaadawi, A. Z. (2015) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v5.i4.412 · Cited by 9
Connaissance de la pathologie mentale de l’enfant :l’apport de l’épidémiologie
Tursz, A. (2001) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/s0929-693x(00)00185-8 · Cited by 9
A multisite psychotherapy and medication trial for depressed adolescents: background and benefits
Kratochvil, C. J., Simons, A., Vitiello, B., Walkup, J., Emslie, G., Rosenberg, D., & March, J. S. (2005) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(05)80021-5 · Cited by 9
Impaired reproduction after exposure to ADHD drugs: Systematic review of animal studies
Danborg, P. B., Simonsen, A. L., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2017) · International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine · doi:10.3233/jrs-170743 · Cited by 8
Cross-Setting Correspondence in Sociometric Nominations Among Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mikami, A. Y., Hoza, B., Hinshaw, S. P., Arnold, L. E., Hechtman, L. T., & Pelham, W. E. (2014) · Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/1063426613518244 · Cited by 8
“Treatments in the first three conditions were administered by study personnel for 14 months after which all families proceeded to naturalistic follow-up (Arnold et al., 1997).”
Background
Identifying Girls With the Inattentive Type
Zambo, D. M. (2008) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/1053451208318873 · Cited by 8
Cognitive Abilities in Childhood and Adolescence
Wadsworth, S. J., Corley, R. P., & DeFries, J. C. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7447-0_1 · Cited by 8
Psychosocial Interventions
Stubbe, D. E., & Weiss, G. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30111-1 · Cited by 8
An exploratory study of the implementation and teacher outcomes of a program to train elementary educators about ADHD in the schools
Niznik, M. (2004) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 8
Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Storebø, O. J., Storm, M. R. O., Ribeiro, J. P., Skoog, M., Groth, C., Edemann-Callesen, H., Schaug, J. P., Darling, P. J., Huus, C.-M. L., Zwi, M., et al. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009885.pub4 · Cited by 10
Drug Class Review: Pharmacologic Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
McDonagh, M. S., & Peterson, K. (2011) · Cited by 7
Predictive utility of childhood diagnosis of ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder: adult outcomes in the MTA and effect of comorbidity
Arnold, L. E., Roy, A., Taylor, E., Hechtman, L. T., Sibley, M. H., Swanson, J. M., Mitchell, J. T., Molina, B. S. G., & Rohde, L. A. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1222-0 · Cited by 7
The Predominately Inattentive Subtype—Not a Subtype of ADHD
Milich, R. S., Balentine, A. C., & Lynam, D. R. (2002) · The ADHD Report · doi:10.1521/adhd.10.1.1.20569 · Cited by 7
The multimodal treatment study of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Newcorn, J. H. (2000) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-000-0050-2 · Cited by 7
Trouble bipolaire à début précoce : considérations cliniques et de recherche
Carlson, G. A. (2006) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2006.06.001 · Cited by 5
Paths to postsecondary education enrollment among adolescents with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A longitudinal analysis of symptom and academic trajectories
Burr, S. D. L., LeFevre, J., Arnold, L. E., Epstein, J. N., Hinshaw, S. P., Molina, B. S. G., Hechtman, L. T., Hoza, B., Jensen, P. S., Vitiello, B., et al. (2022) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13807 · Cited by 8
Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Medication Effects in Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Kollins, S. H. (2004) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1023/b:jobe.0000044734.33165.5c · Cited by 6
Helping parents make sense of ADHD diagnosis and treatment
Gottesman, M. M. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/s0891-5245(03)00073-7 · Cited by 6
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults
Cubbin, S., & Leahy, A. (1998) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.172.4.366b · Cited by 6
Peer Relationship Problems of Children with AD/HD: Contributing Factors and Implications for Practice.
Özdemir, S. (2010) · International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) · Cited by 4
Le traitement de l'hyperactivité : autour de la prescription de psychostimulants
Welniarz, B. (2004) · Perspectives Psy · doi:10.1051/ppsy/2004431065 · Cited by 5
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: POSSIBLE CAUSES AND TREATMENT
Gordon, N. S. (1999) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.1999.tb11794.x · Cited by 5
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Bakhtadze, S., Tkemeladze, T., & KUTUBIDZE, T. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92334 · Cited by 5
“There are some evidence that long-term methylphenidate treatment should be as effective as the combination of methylphenidate and behavioral therapy and considerably more effective than behavioral therapy alone [72].”
Background
Exploring Co-Regulation-Related Factors in the Mothers of ADHD Children—Proof of Concept Study
Yaacoby-Vakrat, R., Pade, M., & Bar‐Shalita, T. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10081286 · Cited by 4
Le traitement de l’hyperactivité
Welniarz, B., & Lauth, B. (2011) · Perspectives Psy · doi:10.1051/ppsy/2011501078 · Cited by 4
Traditional and Innovative Assessment of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders
Swanson, J. M., Reschly, D. J., Fine, A. H., Kotkin, R. A., Wigal, T. L., & Simpson, S. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012256430-7/50004-1 · Cited by 4
Maternal personality traits moderate treatment response in the Multimodal Treatment Study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Algorta, G. P., MacPherson, H. A., Arnold, L. E., Hinshaw, S. P., Hechtman, L. T., Sibley, M. H., & Owens, E. B. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01460-z · Cited by 5
Ablation of supraventricular tachycardia allows more liberal therapy in some children with attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Shetty, I., Silver, E. S., Hordof, A. J., Goldberg, P. H., & Liberman, L. (2011) · Pediatrics International · doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03326.x · Cited by 3
Evidence-Based Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems: Are They Cost Effective?
Foster, E. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6297-3_19 · Cited by 3
How does extraneous textbook material influence the reading comprehension of normal and impaired college students
Culbreth, P. D. (2009) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) · Cited by 2

Authors: Arnold, L. E.
Affiliations: National Institute of Mental Health (US)
Corresponding author: Arnold, L. Eugene
ORCID: Arnold, L. Eugene
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1997-09-01
Volume: 54
Issue: 9
Pages: 865
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210113015
OpenAlex: W2157719972
Cited by: 240
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 14.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (UO1 MH50461, UO1 MH50440, U01MH050447, U01MH050440, UO1 MH50447, U01MH050461)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, multimodal therapy, stimulant medication, behavior therapy, psychosocial interventions, combination therapy, community-based care, long-term treatment effectiveness, decision-making algorithm, target population definition
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Child, Clinical Protocols, Combined Modality Therapy, Decision Making, Dextroamphetamine, Female, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Humans, Imipramine, Male, Methylphenidate, National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), Pemoline, Research Design, United States, Patient Selection

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (the MTA): Design Challenges and Choices

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks