Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
This article describes the practical use of available attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapies, their formulations and durations of action, and the extent of Food and Drug Administration approvals. It provides data on short-term and long-term safety of these medications, their use in ADHD with comorbid conditions, and strategies for formulating individualized, effective, and well-tolerated pharmacotherapy treatment plans. A clinical vignette focusing on a male child with ADHD is presented. Summaries are presented of ADHD pharmacotherapies and Food and Drug Administration approval status, atomoxetine and stimulant comparator trials, adverse effects and ADHD pharmacotherapy, and delivery system and duration of effect.
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Increased heart rate and blood pressure are among the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events reported with psychostimulant treatment.
“Increased heart rate and blood pressure are among the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events reported with psychostimulant treatment (36, 37); increases in pulse and blood pressure are also frequently reported (36, 37, 258).”
Rebound hypertension after abrupt guanfacine and clonidine discontinuation has been observed.
“Because rebound hypertension after abrupt guanfacine and clonidine discontinuation has been observed,126 these medications should be tapered off rather than suddenly discontinued.”
From Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents (2019) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- Vaughan, B., & Kratochvil, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Nebraska Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kratochvil, Christopher J.
- Venue
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 941-955
- ISSN
- 1056-4993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066197886
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD medication, children with ADHD, atomoxetine, stimulant medication, FDA drug approval, drug safety, comorbidities, personalized treatment planning, drug delivery systems, duration of effect, adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Amphetamines, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Male, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
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