Cited by 2,407Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchChild Abuse and TraumaMigration, Health and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma

Breslau, Naomi, Kessler, Ronald C., Chilcoat, Howard D., Schultz, Lonni R., Davis, Glenn C., Andreski, Patricia·1998·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The study estimates the relative importance of specific types of traumas experienced in the community in terms of their prevalence and risk of leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: A representative sample of 2181 persons in the Detroit area aged 18 to 45 years were interviewed by telephone to assess the lifetime history of traumatic events and PTSD, according to DSM-IV. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed with respect to a randomly selected trauma from the list of traumas reported by each respondent, using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version IV, and the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The conditional risk of PTSD following exposure to trauma was 9.2%. The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence (20.9%). The trauma most often reported as the precipitating event among persons with PTSD (31% of all PTSD cases) was sudden unexpected death of a loved one, an event experienced by 60% of the sample, and with a moderate risk of PTSD (14.3%). Women were at higher risk of PTSD than men, controlling for type of trauma. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of PTSD associated with a representative sample of traumas is less than previously estimated. Previous studies have overestimated the conditional risk of PTSD by focusing on the worst events the respondents had ever experienced. Although recent research has focused on combat, rape, and other assaultive violence as causes of PTSD, sudden unexpected death of a loved one is a far more important cause of PTSD in the community, accounting for nearly one third of PTSD cases.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Kaplan, E. L., & Meier, P. (1992) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_25 · Cited by 45,236
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781439817803-12 · Cited by 9,859
Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data.
Francis, B. J., & Lawless, J. F. (1983) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531129 · Cited by 2,774
Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults
Breslau, N. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003 · Cited by 2,544
Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women.
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & al, E. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.6.984 · Cited by 1,868
Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women.
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.6.984 · Cited by 1,868
Epidemiology of trauma: Frequency and impact of different potentially traumatic events on different demographic groups.
Norris, F. H. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.3.409 · Cited by 1,527
Survey Errors and Survey Costs.
Faulkenberry, G. D., & Groves, R. M. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289634 · Cited by 1,441

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 24 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 1,019

Prefrontal Cortex Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Fear and Anxiety-Like Behavior and Reduces Basolateral Amygdala Activity in a Preclinical Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Reznikov, R., Bambico, F. R., Diwan, M., Raymond, R., Nashed, M. G., Nóbrega, J. N., & Hamani, C. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.207 · Cited by 68
GxE effects of FKBP5 and traumatic life events on PTSD: A meta-analysis
Hawn, S. E., Sheerin, C. M., Lind, M. J., Hicks, T. A., Marraccini, M. E., Bountress, K. E., Bacanu, S., Nugent, N. R., & Amstadter, A. B. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.058 · Cited by 77
Emotion dysregulation and posttraumatic stress disorder: a test of the incremental role of difficulties regulating positive emotions
Weiss, N. H., Nelson, R. J., Contractor, A. A., & Sullivan, T. P. (2019) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2019.1618842 · Cited by 67
Gender differences in exposure to potentially traumatic events and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by racial and ethnic group
Valentine, S. E., Marques, L. M., Wang, Y., Ahles, E. M., Silva, L. D. D., & Alegria, M. M. (2019) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.10.008 · Cited by 76
Violence and PTSD in Mexico
Baker, C. K., Norris, F. H., Diaz, D., Perilla, J. L., Murphy, A. D., & Hill, E. G. (2005) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0921-2 · Cited by 67
Racial Disparities in VA Service Connection for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Disability
Murdoch, M., Hodges, J. S., Cowper, D. C., Fortier, L., & van Ryn, M. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000053232.67079.a5 · Cited by 65
Treating Trauma Survivors With PTSD
(2002) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615377008 · Cited by 67
Women in recovery from PTSD have similar inflammation and quality of life as non-traumatized controls
Gill, J., Saligan, L. N., Lee, H., Rotolo, S., & Szanton, S. L. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.10.013 · Cited by 73
Posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociation, and sexual abuse history in epileptic and nonepileptic seizure patients
Dikel, T. N., Fennell, E. B., & Gilmore, R. L. (2003) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.08.006 · Cited by 67
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Trajectories in Child Sexual Abuse Victims: An Analysis of Sex Differences Using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being
Maikovich‐Fong, A. K., Koenen, K. C., & Jaffee, S. R. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9300-x · Cited by 67
Genetics of post‐traumatic stress disorder: Informing clinical conceptualizations and promoting future research
Nugent, N. R., Amstadter, A. B., & Koenen, K. C. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.30169 · Cited by 68
Barriers to self-compassion for female survivors of childhood maltreatment: The roles of fear of self-compassion and psychological inflexibility
Boykin, D. M., Himmerich, S. J., Pinciotti, C. M., Miller, L. M., Miron, L. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.003 · Cited by 82
Psychiatric Disorders Among Victims of a Courthouse Shooting Spree: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study
Johnson, S. D., North, C., & Smith, E. M. (2002) · Community mental health journal · doi:10.1023/a:1015269521969 · Cited by 61
Serotonin polymorphisms and posttraumatic stress disorder in a trauma exposed African American population
Mellman, T. A., Alim, T. N., Brown, D. D., Gorodetsky, E. K., Búzás, B., Lawson, W. B., Goldman, D. A., & Charney, D. S. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20627 · Cited by 66
Traumatic events, posttraumatic stress symptomatology and somatoform symptoms in eating disorder patients
Tagay, S., Schlegl, S., & Senf, W. (2009) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.972 · Cited by 66
An in-depth look into PTSD-depression comorbidity: A longitudinal study of chronically-exposed Detroit residents
Horesh, D., Lowe, S. R., Galea, S., Aiello, A. E., Uddin, M., & Koenen, K. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.053 · Cited by 65
Association of trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bernhard, A., Martinelli, A., Ackermann, K., Saure, D., & Freitag, C. M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.019 · Cited by 70
Breaking boundaries: optimizing reconsolidation-based interventions for strong and old memoriesPreprint
Elsey, J. W. B., & Kindt, M. (2017) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.044156.116 · Cited by 72
Listen protect connect for traumatized schoolchildren: a pilot study of psychological first aid
Ramirez, M., Harland, K., Frederick, M., Shepherd, R., Wong, M., & Cavanaugh, J. E. (2013) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/2050-7283-1-26 · Cited by 66
Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness
Christiansen, D. M., McCarthy, M. M., & Seeman, M. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.856436 · Cited by 65
“If somebody could just understand what I am going through, it would make all the difference”: Conceptualizations of trauma in homeless populations experiencing severe mental illness
Gilmoor, A., Vallath, S., Regeer, B., & Bunders, J. (2020) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461520909613 · Cited by 65
The complexity of the relationship between chronic pain and quality of life: a study of the general Norwegian population
Wahl, A. K., Rustøen, T., Rokne, B., Lerdal, A., Knudsen, Ø., Miaskowski, C. A., & Moum, T. (2009) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9515-x · Cited by 67
Subjectively and Objectively Measured Sleep With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma Exposure
Kobayashi, I., Huntley, E. D., Lavela, J., & Mellman, T. A. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1960 · Cited by 65
Psychological resilience and neurocognitive performance in a traumatized community sample
Wingo, A. P., Fani, N., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20675 · Cited by 71
A prospective cohort study of the effectiveness of employer-sponsored crisis interventions after a major disaster.
Boscarino, J. A., Adams, R. E., & Figley, C. R. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 65
Genetic predisposition and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in an animal model
King, J. A., Abend, S., & Edwards, E. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01071-x · Cited by 65
Gender disparities in posttraumatic stress disorder after mass trauma
Stuber, J., Resnick, H. S., & Galea, S. (2006) · Gender Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80194-4 · Cited by 65
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology Among Partners of Men in Treatment for Relationship Abuse.
Taft, C. T., Murphy, C. M., King, L. A., Dedeyn, J. M., & Musser, P. H. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.2.259 · Cited by 65
Current understanding of fear learning and memory in humans and animal models and the value of a linguistic approach for analyzing fear learning and memory in humans
Raber, J., Arzy, S., Bertolus, J. B., Depue, B., Haas, H. E., Hofmann, S. G., Kangas, M., Kensinger, E., Lowry, C. A., Marusak, H. A., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.015 · Cited by 62
The Immediate Response to Disaster: Guidelines for Adult Psychological First Aid.
Young, B. H. (2006) · Cited by 64
SEX DIFFERENCES IN DNA METHYLATION MAY CONTRIBUTE TO RISK OF PTSD AND DEPRESSION: A REVIEW OF EXISTING EVIDENCE
Uddin, M., Sipahi, L., Li, J., & Koenen, K. C. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22167 · Cited by 66
Posttraumatic stress in children with first responders in their families
Duarte, C. S., Hoven, C. W., Wu, P., Fan, B., Cotel, S. C., Mandell, D. J., Nagasawa, M., Balaban, V., Wernikoff, L., & Markenson, D. S. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20120 · Cited by 64
Examining Cultural, Social, and Self-Related Aspects of Stigma in Relation to Sexual Assault and Trauma Symptoms
Deitz, M. F., Williams, S. L., Rife, S. C., & Cantrell, P. J. (2015) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801215573330 · Cited by 64
Gender differences in the factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war-exposed adolescents
Armour, C., Elhai, J. D., Layne, C. M., Shevlin, M. E., Duraković‐Belko, E., Đapo, N., & Pynoos, R. S. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.010 · Cited by 70
Community-Based Interventions in a System of Care and Outcomes Framework
Duchnowski, A. J., Kutash, K., & Friedman, R. M. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0002 · Cited by 64
Conditional risk for posttraumatic stress disorder in an epidemiological study of a Brazilian urban population
Luz, M. P., Coutinho, E. S. F., Berger, W., Mendlowicz, M. V., Vilete, L. M. P., Mello, M. F., Quintana, M. I., Bressan, R. A., Andreoli, S. B., Mari, J. D. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.10.011 · Cited by 62
Associations among maternal childhood socioeconomic status, cord blood IgE levels, and repeated wheeze in urban children
Sternthal, M. J., Coull, B. A., Chiu, Y.-H. M., Cohen, S., & Wright, R. J. (2011) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.008 · Cited by 63
Posttraumatic stress disorder and its comorbidity with depression and somatisation in the elderly – A German community-based study
Glaesmer, H., Kaiser, M., Brähler, E., Freyberger, H. J., & Kuwert, P. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.615740 · Cited by 63
Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist-Korean Version
Bae, H., Kim, D., Koh, H., Kim, Y., & Park, J. S. (2008) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2008.5.3.163 · Cited by 63
In rape trauma PTSD, patient characteristics indicate which trauma-focused treatment they are most likely to complete
Keefe, J. R., Stirman, S. W., Cohen, Z. D., DeRubeis, R. J., Smith, B. N., & Resick, P. A. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22731 · Cited by 65
Prevention of chronic PTSD with early cognitive behavioral therapy. A meta-analysis using mixed-effects modeling
Kliem, S., & Kröger, C. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.08.005 · Cited by 62
Interference control training for PTSD: a randomized controlled trial of a novel computer-based intervention
Bomyea, J., Stein, M. B., & Lang, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.05.010 · Cited by 61
Acculturation, childhood trauma and the cortisol awakening response in Mexican–American adults
Mangold, D. L., Wand, G. S., Javors, M. A., & Mintz, J. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.010 · Cited by 64
Supportive needs of parents confronted with sudden cardiac death—A qualitative study
Wisten, A., & Zingmark, K. (2007) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.11.014 · Cited by 62
Posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking to reduce negative affect: An investigation of trauma-exposed daily smokers
Feldner, M. T., Babson, K. A., Zvolensky, M. J., Vujanovic, A. A., Lewis, S. F., Gibson, L. E., Monson, C. M., & Bernstein, A. (2006) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.032 · Cited by 61
Female Victimization and Intimate Partner Violence After the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake
Chan, K. L., & Zhang, Y. (2011) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.364 · Cited by 63
Maternal interpersonal trauma and cord blood IgE levels in an inner-city cohort: A life-course perspective
Sternthal, M. J., Enlow, M. B., Cohen, S., Canner, M. J., STAUDENMAYER, J. W., Tsang, K., & Wright, R. J. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.07.030 · Cited by 62
Road traffic accidents and posttraumatic stress disorder in an orthopedic setting in south-eastern Nigeria: a controlled study
Iteke, O., Bakare, M. O., Agomoh, A. O., Uwakwe, R., & Onwukwe, J. U. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Trauma Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/1757-7241-19-39 · Cited by 62
The contribution of gender-based violence and network trauma to gender differences in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Silove, D., Baker, J. R., Mohsin, M., Teesson, M., Creamer, M., O'Donnell, M., Forbes, D., Carragher, N., Slade, T., Mills, K., et al. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171879 · Cited by 60
Mental Health Treatment Seeking by Military Members with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Findings on Rates, Characteristics, and Predictors from a Nationally Representative Canadian Military Sample
Fikretoglu, D., Brunet, A., Guay, S., & Pedlar, D. (2007) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370705200208 · Cited by 61
Protocol for investigating genetic determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder in women from the Nurses' Health Study II
Koenen, K. C., Vivo, I. D., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Smoller, J. W., Wright, R. J., & Purcell, S. (2009) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-9-29 · Cited by 63
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder and child maltreatment in forensic inpatients
Spitzer, C., Chevalier, C., Gillner, M., Freyberger, H. J., & Barnow, S. (2006) · Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.1080/14789940500497743 · Cited by 61
Lifetime exposure to adversity predicts functional impairment and healthcare utilization among individuals with chronic back pain
Seery, M. D., Leo, R. J., Holman, A., & Silver, R. C. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.007 · Cited by 67
Stress and the healthy adolescent brain: Evidence for the neural embedding of life events
Ganzel, B. L., Kim, P., Gilmore, H. M., Tottenham, N., & Temple, E. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000242 · Cited by 66
Epigenetic alterations associated with war trauma and childhood maltreatment
Ramo‐Fernández, L., Schneider, A., Wilker, S., & Kolassa, I. (2015) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.2200 · Cited by 59
Information Processing in PTSD: Evidence for Biased Attentional, Interpretation, and Memory Processes
Bomyea, J. A., Johnson, A., & Lang, A. J. (2016) · Psychopathology Review · doi:10.5127/pr.037214 · Cited by 70
POTENTIALLY TRAUMATIC EVENTS AND THE RISK OF SIX PHYSICAL HEALTH CONDITIONS IN A POPULATION-BASED SAMPLE
Keyes, K. M., McLaughlin, K. A., Demmer, R. T., Cerdá, M., Koenen, K. C., Uddin, M., & Galea, S. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22090 · Cited by 65
Behavioral inhibition and PTSD symptoms in veterans
Myers, C. E., VanMeenen, K. M., & Servatius, R. J. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.11.015 · Cited by 60
Posttraumatic Stress Without Trauma in Children
Copeland, W., Keeler, G. P., Angold, A. C., & Costello, E. J. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09020178 · Cited by 62
Posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and perceived needs for psychological care in older persons affected by Hurricane Ike
Pietrzak, R. H., Southwick, S. M., Tracy, M., Galea, S., & Norris, F. H. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.018 · Cited by 63
Psychosocial adjustment of directly exposed survivors 7 years after the Oklahoma City bombing
North, C. S., Pfefferbaum, B. J., Kawasaki, A., Lee, S., & Spitznagel, E. L. (2010) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.003 · Cited by 60
Gender Differences in Service Connection for PTSD
Murdoch, M., Hodges, J. S., Hunt, C., Cowper, D. C., Kressin, N. R., & OʼBrien, N. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200308000-00008 · Cited by 60
Emotional numbing weakens abused inner‐city women's resiliency resources
Johnson, D. M., Palmieri, P. A., Jackson, A. P., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20201 · Cited by 67
Establishment of a Disaster-Related Psychological Screening Test
Chou, F. H., Su, T., Ouyang, W., Chien, I., Lu, M.-K., & Chou, P. (2003) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01087.x · Cited by 60
Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Frijling, J. L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B., Nawijn, L., Goslings, J. C., Luitse, J. S., Biesheuvel, T. H., Honig, A., Bakker, F. C., Denys, D., et al. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-92 · Cited by 59
Alexithymia and posttraumatic stress: subscales and symptom clusters
Declercq, F., Vanheule, S., & Deheegher, J. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20715 · Cited by 59
Emotional and behavioral sequelae of childhood maltreatment
Perepletchikova, F., & Kaufman, J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32833e148a · Cited by 59
Is Rape-Related Self Blame Distinct From Other Post Traumatic Attributions of Blame? A Comparison of Severity and Implications for Treatment
Moor, A., & Farchi, M. U. (2011) · Women & Therapy · doi:10.1080/02703149.2011.591671 · Cited by 59
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder following Accidental Injury: Rule or Exception in Switzerland?
Schnyder, U., Wittmann, L., Friedrich-Perez, J., Hepp, U., & Moergeli, H. (2008) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000112888 · Cited by 59
Do Holocaust survivors show increased vulnerability or resilience to post‐Holocaust cumulative adversity?
Shrira, A., Palgi, Y., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Shmotkin, D. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20524 · Cited by 61
Rapastinel (GLYX-13) has therapeutic potential for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: Characterization of a NMDA receptor-mediated metaplasticity process in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats
Burgdorf, J. S., Kroes, R. A., Zhang, X.-L., Gross, A. L., Schmidt, M. E., Weiss, C., Disterhoft, J. F., Burch, R. M., Stanton, P. K., & Moskal, J. R. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.039 · Cited by 59
Genetics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Segman, R. H., & Shalev, A. Y. (2003) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900008889 · Cited by 59
Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Among Urban Residents
Lowe, S. R., Galea, S., Uddin, M., & Koenen, K. C. (2014) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9634-6 · Cited by 63
Exercise-induced increases in Anandamide and BDNF during extinction consolidation contribute to reduced threat following reinstatement: Preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Crombie, K. M., Sartin‐Tarm, A., Sellnow, K. A., Ahrenholtz, R., Lee, S., Matalamaki, M., Almassi, N. E., Hillard, C. J., Koltyn, K. F., Adams, T. G., et al. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105355 · Cited by 59
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder and Migraine: Epidemiology, Sex Differences, and Potential Mechanisms
Peterlin, B. L., Nijjar, S. S., & Tietjen, G. E. (2011) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01907.x · Cited by 61
Outcome after severe multiple trauma: a retrospective analysis
von Rüden, C., Woltmann, A., Röse, M., Wurm, S., Rüger, M., Hierholzer, C., & Bühren, V. (2013) · Journal of Trauma Management & Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1752-2897-7-4 · Cited by 58
Interpersonal trauma and PTSD: The roles of gender and a lifespan perspective in predicting risk.
Lilly, M. M., & Valdez, C. E. (2011) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0022947 · Cited by 58
Advantages and psychometric validation of proximal intensive assessments of patient-reported outcomes collected in daily life
Carlson, E. B., Field, N. P., Ruzek, J. I., Bryant, R. A., Dalenberg, C. J., Keane, T. M., & Spain, D. A. (2016) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1170-9 · Cited by 57
Evaluation of post traumatic distress in the first 6 months following SCI
Kennedy, P., & Evans, M. J. (2001) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101172 · Cited by 58
Recovery from DSM-IV post-traumatic stress disorder in the WHO World Mental Health surveys
Rosellini, A. J., Liu, H., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Aguilar‐Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Borges, G. L. G., Bruffaerts, R., Bromet, E. J., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001817 · Cited by 65
Emergency medical service and in‐hospital vital signs as predictors of subsequent PTSD symptom severity in pediatric injury patients
Nugent, N. R., Christopher, N. C., & Delahanty, D. L. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01648.x · Cited by 58
The effect of traumatic bereavement on tsunami‐exposed survivors
Johannesson, K. B., Lundin, T., Hultman, C. M., Lindam, A. P., Dyster‐Aas, J., Arnberg, F. K., & Michel, P. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20467 · Cited by 58
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH ON LIFETIME VIOLENCE, POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS, AND CHILDBEARING
Seng, J. S. (2002) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(02)00275-1 · Cited by 58
Not recognized enough: The effects and associations of trauma and intellectual disability in severely mentally ill outpatients
Nieuwenhuis, J. G., Smits, H. J. H., Noorthoorn, E. O., Mulder, C. L., Penterman, E. J. M., & Nijman, H. L. I. (2019) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.02.002 · Cited by 57
COVID-19 in Guangdong: Immediate Perceptions and Psychological Impact on 304,167 College Students
Li, X., Lv, S., Liu, L., Chen, R., Chen, J., Liang, S., Tang, S., & Zhao, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02024 · Cited by 58
The effects of direct versus witnessed threat on emergency department healthcare workers: Implications for PTSD Criterion A
Alden, L. E., Regambal, M. J., & Laposa, J. M. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.013 · Cited by 62
The association between cumulative adversity and mental health: considering dose and primary focus of adversity
Keinan, G., Shrira, A., & Shmotkin, D. (2011) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-011-0035-0 · Cited by 59
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in mentally ill perpetrators of homicide
Papanastassiou, M., Waldron, G., Boyle, J., & Chesterman, L. (2004) · Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology · doi:10.1080/14789940310001630419 · Cited by 57
What Does Sex Have to Do with It? The Role of Sex as a Biological Variable in the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Kornfield, S. L., Hantsoo, L. V., & Epperson, C. N. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0907-x · Cited by 63
Tailoring therapeutic strategies for treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters
Norrholm, S., & Jovanovic, T. (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s10951 · Cited by 56
The long-term impact of maritime piracy on seafarers’ behavioral health and work decisions
Seyle, D. C., Fernandez, K. T. G., Dimitrevich, A., & Bahri, C. (2017) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.009 · Cited by 61
Educational Hegemony, Traumatic Stress, and African American and Latino American Students
Goodman, R. D., & West‐Olatunji, C. A. (2010) · Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development · doi:10.1002/j.2161-1912.2010.tb00125.x · Cited by 56
Trauma and conditional risk of posttraumatic stress disorder in two American Indian reservation communities
The AI-SUPERPFP Team, Beals, J., Belcourt-Dittloff, A., Garroutte, E. M., Croy, C. D., Jervis, L. L., Whitesell, N. R., Mitchell, C. M., & Manson, S. M. (2012) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0615-5 · Cited by 56
Intergenerational transmission of trauma: The mediating role of parenting styles on toddlers’ DSM-related symptoms
Schwerdtfeger, K. L., Larzelere, R. E., Werner, D., Peters, C., & Oliver, M. (2013) · Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.743941 · Cited by 55
Ethnicity and Risk for Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Following Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence and Predictors in European American and African American Women
Lilly, M. M., & Graham-Bermann, S. A. (2009) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260508314335 · Cited by 55
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and health-related quality of life among university students in Turkey
Çam, H. H., Top, F. Ü., & Ayyıldız, T. K. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01674-y · Cited by 57
Testing the Dimensionality of PTSD and the Specificity of the Dysphoria Factor
Armour, C., & Shevlin, M. E. (2009) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325020903373110 · Cited by 55
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for PTSD After Urban Violence
Valente, N. L. M., Vallada, H., Cordeiro, Q., Bressan, R. A., Andreoli, S. B., Mari, J. D. J., & Mello, M. F. (2010) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-010-9474-2 · Cited by 55
The Impact of Prolonged Exposure on PTSD Symptoms and Associated Psychopathology in People Living with HIV: A Randomized Test of Concept
Pacella‐LaBarbara, M. L., Armelie, A. P., Boarts, J. M., Wagner, G. J., Jones, T., Feeny, N. C., & Delahanty, D. L. (2011) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0076-y · Cited by 57
How subjective well-being and meaning in life interact in the hostile world?
Shrira, A., Palgi, Y., Ben‐Ezra, M., & Shmotkin, D. (2011) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2011.577090 · Cited by 58

Authors: Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P.
Affiliations: Henry Ford Health (US)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Kessler, Ronald C.
Chilcoat, Howard D.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1998-07-01
Volume: 55
Issue: 7
Pages: 626
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626
OpenAlex: W2140594127
Cited by: 2,407
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 130 · 2015: 138 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 138 · 2012: 152
FWCI: 40.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH048802, MH-48802)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, community trauma, assaultive violence, PTSD risk, trauma prevalence
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Crime, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Income, Life Change Events, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Social Class, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Violence, Comorbidity, Life Tables, Prevalence, Marital Status, Racial Groups

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks