The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High-frequency left-sided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HFL-TMS) has been shown to have antidepressant effects in double-blind trials. Low-frequency stimulation to the right prefrontal cortex (LFR-TMS) has also shown promise, although it has not been assessed in treatment-resistant depression and its effects have not been compared with those of HFL-TMS. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of HFL-TMS and LFR-TMS in treatment-resistant depression and compared with a sham-treated control group. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: Two general psychiatric services. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty patients with treatment-resistant depression who had failed to respond to therapy with multiple antidepressant medications were divided into 3 groups of 20 that did not differ in age, sex, or any clinical variables. All patients completed the double-blind phase of the study. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty 5-second HFL-TMS trains at 10 Hz and five 60-second LFR-TMS trains at 1 Hz were applied daily. Sham stimulation was applied with the coil angled at 45 degrees from the scalp, resting on the side of one wing of the coil. Main Outcome Measure Score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in response among the 3 groups (F56,2 = 6.2), with a significant difference between the HFL-TMS and sham groups and between the LFR-TMS and sham groups (P<.005 for all) but not between the 2 treatment groups. Baseline psychomotor agitation predicted successful response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both HFL-TMS and LFR-TMS have treatment efficacy in patients with medication-resistant major depression. Treatment for at least 4 weeks is necessary for clinically meaningful benefits to be achieved. Treatment with LFR-TMS may prove to be an appropriate initial repetitive TMS strategy in depression taking into account safety, tolerability, and efficacy considerations.
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Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
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Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change
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The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
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Cited by
Lefaucheur, J.-P., André-Obadia, N., Antal, A., Ayache, S. S., Baeken, C., Benninger, D. H., Cantello, R. M., Cincotta, M., de Carvalho, M., De Ridder, D., et al. (2014) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.05.021 · Cited by 2,119
O’Reardon, J. P., Solvason, H. B., Janicak, P. G., Sampson, S., Isenberg, K. E., Nahas, Z., McDonald, W. M., Avery, D., Fitzgerald, P. B., Loo, C., et al. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018 · Cited by 1,910
Self-citationGrimm, S., Beck, J., Schuepbach, D., Hell, D., Boesiger, P., Bermpohl, F., Niehaus, L., Boeker, H., & Northoff, G. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.033 · Cited by 686
Berlim, M. T., van den Eynde, F., Tovar-Perdomo, S., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000512 · Cited by 620
Self-citationSlotema, C. W., Blom, J. D., Hoek, H. W., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04872gre · Cited by 584
Metadata
- Authors
- Fitzgerald, P. B., Brown, T. L., Marston, N. A. U., Daskalakis, Z. J., de Castella, A., & Kulkarni, J.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2003-10-01
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1002
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2162220988
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 17.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Fitzgerald, P. B., Brown, T. L., Marston, N. A. U., Daskalakis, Z. J., de Castella, A., & Kulkarni, J. (2003). Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.1002
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