The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risk of Malignancy in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: Nested Case-Control Study
Abstract
CONTEXT: There is conflicting evidence on whether people with schizophrenia have a different risk of cancer from that of the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of 6 common cancers in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. DESIGN: Population-based, nested, case-control study. SETTING: A total of 454 practices contributing to the QRESEARCH general practice database. PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed 40,441 incident cases of 6 cancers (breast, colon, rectal, gastroesophageal, prostate, and respiratory) and up to 5 controls per case matched by single year of age, sex, general practice, and calendar time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) for cancer risk associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, adjusting for smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and prescribed medications, including antipsychotics. RESULTS: For breast cancer, we identified 10,535/50,074 cases/controls; colon cancer, 5108/24,458; rectal cancer, 3248/15,552; gastroesophageal cancer, 3854/18,477; prostate cancer, 10,190/48,748; and respiratory cancer, 7506/35,981. After adjustment, patients with schizophrenia had a 190% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-4.57), a marginal increased breast cancer risk (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10-2.11), and a 47% decreased respiratory cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.85). Patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics had a 308% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.43-6.84). Patients with bipolar disorder had cancer risks similar to patients with neither condition after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia have a significantly higher risk of colon cancer and a lower risk of respiratory cancer compared with patients without schizophrenia after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, the risks of cancer in patients with and without bipolar disorder are similar, suggesting that residual confounding is unlikely to explain the findings. The increased risk of colon cancer is particularly marked in patients with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications.
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“On the other hand, other studies found an increased (9,21,28,(449)(450)(451) or no different (292,419,452,453) overall risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [450]
In the citing paper
“This low awareness has a significant negative impact on patients' satisfaction with treatment, adherence, quality of life and partner relationships (450).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [450]
Citations
Cites
Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
Beral, V. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14065-2 · Cited by 2,986
Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia
Brown, S., Inskip, H., & Barraclough, B. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.3.212 · Cited by 1,087
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Physical Health Monitoring of Patients With Schizophrenia
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Medical Comorbidity in Schizophrenia
Jeste, D. V., Gladsjo, J. A., Lindamer, L. A., & Lacro, J. P. (1996) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/22.3.413 · Cited by 617
Prevalence and Correlates of Diabetes in National Schizophrenia Samples
Dixon, L. B., Weiden, P. J., Delahanty, J. C., Goldberg, R., Postrado, L. T., Lucksted, A. A., & Lehman, A. F. (2000) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033504 · Cited by 570
Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in people with schizophrenia
McCreadie, R. G., & Scottish Schizophrenia Lifestyle Group (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.183.6.534 · Cited by 559
Hippisley‐Cox, J., & Coupland, C. A. C. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7504.1366 · Cited by 556
Self-citationNovel antipsychotics: comparison of weight gain liabilities.
Wirshing, D. A., Wirshing, W. C., Kysar, L., Berisford, M. A., Goldstein, D., Pashdag, J., Mintz, J., & Marder, S. R. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 523
Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer
Giovannucci, E. L. (2002) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00057-2 · Cited by 431
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DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488
A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health Second Edition
Scheid, T. L., & Brown, T. N. (2009) · Cited by 1,320
Schizophrenia, “just the facts” 4. Clinical features and conceptualization
Tandon, R., Nasrallah, H. A., & Keshavan, M. S. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.005 · Cited by 1,101
Comorbidities and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder: A Swedish National Cohort Study
Crump, C., Sundquist, K., Winkleby, M. A., & Sundquist, J. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1394 · Cited by 677
Hijacked in cancer: the KMT2 (MLL) family of methyltransferases
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hippisley-Cox, J., Vinogradova, Y., Coupland, C., & Parker, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2007-12-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1368
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992521860
- Cited by
- 214
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 9.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, cancer risk, colon cancer, breast cancer, respiratory cancer, antipsychotic drugs, residual confounding, psychiatric comorbidity, gastroesophageal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, prescription drugs, confounding by indication, confounding by treatment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Bipolar Disorder, Breast Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Demography, Drug Therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Rectal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Incidence, Prevalence
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