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Cited by 214Schizophrenia research and treatmentCancer Risks and FactorsBipolar Disorder and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Risk of Malignancy in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: Nested Case-Control Study

Hippisley-Cox, Julia, Vinogradova, Yana, Coupland, Carol, Parker, Chris·2007·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1368
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Abstract

CONTEXT: There is conflicting evidence on whether people with schizophrenia have a different risk of cancer from that of the general population. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of 6 common cancers in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. DESIGN: Population-based, nested, case-control study. SETTING: A total of 454 practices contributing to the QRESEARCH general practice database. PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed 40,441 incident cases of 6 cancers (breast, colon, rectal, gastroesophageal, prostate, and respiratory) and up to 5 controls per case matched by single year of age, sex, general practice, and calendar time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) for cancer risk associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, adjusting for smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and prescribed medications, including antipsychotics. RESULTS: For breast cancer, we identified 10,535/50,074 cases/controls; colon cancer, 5108/24,458; rectal cancer, 3248/15,552; gastroesophageal cancer, 3854/18,477; prostate cancer, 10,190/48,748; and respiratory cancer, 7506/35,981. After adjustment, patients with schizophrenia had a 190% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-4.57), a marginal increased breast cancer risk (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.10-2.11), and a 47% decreased respiratory cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.53, 95% CI, 0.34-0.85). Patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics had a 308% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 2.43-6.84). Patients with bipolar disorder had cancer risks similar to patients with neither condition after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia have a significantly higher risk of colon cancer and a lower risk of respiratory cancer compared with patients without schizophrenia after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, the risks of cancer in patients with and without bipolar disorder are similar, suggesting that residual confounding is unlikely to explain the findings. The increased risk of colon cancer is particularly marked in patients with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications.

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Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1368

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Metadata

Authors
Hippisley-Cox, J., Vinogradova, Y., Coupland, C., & Parker, C.
Affiliations
University of Nottingham (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2007-12-01
Volume
64
Issue
12
Pages
1368
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1368
OpenAlex
W1992521860
Cited by
214
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI
9.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, cancer risk, colon cancer, breast cancer, respiratory cancer, antipsychotic drugs, residual confounding, psychiatric comorbidity, gastroesophageal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, prescription drugs, confounding by indication, confounding by treatment
MeSH terms
Aged, Bipolar Disorder, Breast Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Demography, Drug Therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Rectal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Incidence, Prevalence

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