Cited by 375Menstrual Health and DisordersHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Health and Contraception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Length and Variability of the Human Menstrual Cycle

Chiazze, Leonard·1968·JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association

DOI 10.1001/jama.1968.03140060001001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Center for Population Research collected 30,655 recorded menstrual cycles from 2,316 women. Ninety-five percent of all cycles were between 15 and 45 days long. The mean and standard deviations for the total number of cycles were 29.1 and 7.46, respectively. Cycle lengths between 15 and 45 days averaged 28.1 days with a standard deviation of 3.95 days. Variability of menstrual-cycle lengths is highest for women under 25 years of age and declines steadily to reach a minimum for ages 35 to 39. It is then followed by a slight increase for women aged 40 to 44. The pattern of variability by age is demonstrated equally well by the percent of cycles between 25 and 31 days in length as by the standard deviation.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.1968.03140060001001

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

VARIATION OF THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE THROUGH REPRODUCTIVE LIFE
TRELOAR, A. E., BOYNTON, R. E., BEHN, B. G., & BROWN, B. W. (1968) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-196801000-00019 · Cited by 1,018
The Degree of Normal Menstrual Irregularity
Arey, L. B. (1939) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)40957-9 · Cited by 82
The Effect of Age upon the Pattern of the Menstrual Cycle
Collett, M. E., Wertenberger, G. E., & FISKE, V. M. (1954) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)31742-3 · Cited by 81
Statistical studies on menstruation;a criticism on the definition of normal menstruation.
Matsumoto, S. (1962) · Gunma Journal of Medical Sciences · Cited by 80
Menstrual Periodicity; Statistical Observations on a Large Sample of Normal Cases
Gunn, D. L., Jenkin, P. M., & Gunn, A. L. (1937) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1937.tb14705.x · Cited by 60
First menstruation and subsequent menstrual cycles of pubertal girls.
Engle, E. T., & Shelesnyak, M. C. (1934) · Human Biology · Cited by 56
The length of the human menstrual cycle
Fluhmann, C. F. (1934) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(34)90900-5 · Cited by 41
The length of the menstrual cycle
Haman, J. O. (1942) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(42)90968-2 · Cited by 34
The Irregularity of the Menstrual Function
Allen, E. (1933) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)41778-3 · Cited by 31
Further studies on the sterile and fertile periods in women
Latz, L. J., & Reiner, E. (1942) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(42)91334-6 · Cited by 16

Show all 12 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 375

Menstrual Irregularity and Menstrual Symptoms
Weller, A., & Weller, L. (2002) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964280209596042 · Cited by 20
Assessment of menstrual variability in working populations
Shortridge, L. A. (1988) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0890-6238(88)90018-4 · Cited by 20
Calendar Rhythm and Menstrual Cycle Range
Brayer, F. T., Chiazze, L., & Duffy, B. J. (1969) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)36970-9 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Effects of oral contraceptives on the quality of life of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a crossover randomized controlled trial
Amiri, M., Nahidi, F., Yarandi, R. B., Khalili, D., Tohidi, M., & Tehrani, F. R. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01544-4 · Cited by 21
Menstrual diary data and menopausal transition: methodologic issues
Taffe, J. R., & Dennerstein, L. (2002) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810703.x · Cited by 19
Hot flash severity in hormone therapy users/nonusers across the menopausal transition
Smith-DiJulio, K., Percival, D. B., Woods, N. F., Tao, E. Y., & Mitchell, E. S. (2007) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2007.08.003 · Cited by 19
A weight-loss program adapted to the menstrual cycle increases weight loss in healthy, overweight, premenopausal women: a 6-mo randomized controlled trial
Geiker, N. R. W., Ritz, C., Pedersen, S. D., Larsen, T. M., Hill, J. O., & Astrup, A. V. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.126565 · Cited by 19
Endometrial responses to hormone replacement therapy: the bleeding pattern
Habiba, M. A., Bell, S. C., Abrams, K. R., & Al‐Azzawi, F. (1996) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/11.3.503 · Cited by 19
A clinical study with continuous low doses of megestrol acetate for fertility control
Avendaño, S., Tatum, H. J., Rudel, H. W., & Avendaño, O. (1970) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(70)90137-7 · Cited by 19
Periodic Psychoses in the Light of Iological Rhythm Research
Jenner, F. A. (1969) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60386-4 · Cited by 19
A Joint Mixed Effects Dispersion Model for Menstrual Cycle Length and Time‐to‐Pregnancy
McLain, A. C., Lum, K. J., & Sundaram, R. (2012) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01711.x · Cited by 19
Menstruation distress is strongly associated with hormone-immune-metabolic biomarkers
Roomruangwong, C., Sirivichayakul, S., Matsumoto, A. K., Michelin, A. P., Semeão, L. D. O., Pedrão, J. V. D. L., Barbosa, D. S., Moreira, E. G., & Maes, M. H. J. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110355 · Cited by 18
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
(2016) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12514 · Cited by 18
Assessing the Relationship Between Sexual Concordance, Sexual Attractions, and Sexual Identity in Women
Suschinsky, K. D., Dawson, S. J., & Chivers, M. L. (2016) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0874-4 · Cited by 18
Menstrual Cycle Lengths and the Estimated Time of Ovulation in the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Yoshida, T., Nakajima, M., Hiyaoka, A., SUZUKI, M. T., Cho, F., & Honjo, S. (1982) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim1978.31.3_165 · Cited by 18
Bowel Function, Food Intake and the Menstrual Cycle
Vlitos, A. L. P., & Davies, G. (1996) · Nutrition research reviews · doi:10.1079/nrr19960008 · Cited by 16
Field methods and strategies for assessing female reproductive functioning
Vitzthum, V. J. (2020) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23513 · Cited by 20
Other women’s fertility moderates female resource distribution across the menstrual cycle
Necka, E. A., Puts, D. A., Dimitroff, S. J., & Norman, G. J. (2016) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2016.03.003 · Cited by 17
Nonsteroidal progestins and antiprogestins related to flutamide
Dukes, M. (2000) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(00)00179-3 · Cited by 16
Association between COVID-19 vaccines and the menstrual cycle in young Japanese women
Kajiwara, S., Akiyama, N., Baba, H., & Ohta, M. (2023) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2023.01.003 · Cited by 15
Cyclophosphamide-Free Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Ovarian Protection in Young Women With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Yu, K., Ge, J., Liu, X., Mo, M., He, M. Y., Shao, Z., & SPECTRUM Investigators (2021) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djab065 · Cited by 15
Light on Shedding : A Review of Sex and Menstrual Cycle Differences in the Physiological Effects of Light in Humans
Vidafar, P., & Spitschan, M. (2022) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304221126785 · Cited by 16
Circulating LH/hCG receptor (LHCGR) may identify pre-treatment IVF patients at risk of OHSS and poor implantation
Chambers, A., Nayini, K., Mills, W. E., Lockwood, G. M., & Banerjee, S. (2011) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-9-161 · Cited by 15
Adolescent oligomenorrhea in a biracial schoolgirl cohort: a simple clinical parameter predicting impaired fasting glucose plus type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin, glucose, insulin resistance, and centripetal obesity from age 19 to 25 years
Morrison, J. A., Glueck, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Wang, P., & Stroop, D. M. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.01.012 · Cited by 15
Adverse Effects of Dietary Habits on Menstrual Disorders in Young Women
Fujiwara, T., Sato, N., Awaji, H., & Nakata, R. (2007) · The Open Food Science Journal · doi:10.2174/1874256400701010024 · Cited by 15
Fetal gestational age estimation using artificial intelligence on non-targeted ultrasound images and video
Benson, M., Walton, S., Hartley, T., Meagher, S. E., Seshadri, S., Sleep, N., & Papageorghiou, A. T. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02024-z · Cited by 15
Adolescent and Young Adult Female Determinants of Visceral Adipose Tissue at Ages 26-28 Years
Glueck, C. J., Wang, P., Woo, J. G., Morrison, J. A., Khoury, P. R., & Daniels, S. R. (2015) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.030 · Cited by 14
The Case of Moulay Ismael - Fact or Fancy?
Oberzaucher, E., & Grammer, K. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085292 · Cited by 14
Vaginal bleeding patterns — the problem and an example data set
Machin, D., d’Arcangues, C., Busca, B., Farley, T. M. M., & Pinol, A. (1987) · Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis · doi:10.1002/asm.3150030104 · Cited by 14
Distúrbios menstruais entre mulheres de 15-54 anos de idade em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudo de base populacional
Barcelos, R. S., Zanini, R. D. V., & Santos, I. S. (2013) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00002813 · Cited by 13
The relationship between fetal wastage and pregnancy spacing in Bangladesh
Swenson, I. E., & Harper, P. A. (1978) · Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1978.9988344 · Cited by 13
The lack ofassociationbetween idiopathic hirsutism and metabolic disturbances: Iranian PCOS Prevalence Study
Hosseini, M. S., Tehrani, F. R., & Azizi, F. (2013) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2013.797399 · Cited by 12
The Clitoral Photoplethysmograph: A Pilot Study Examining Discriminant and Convergent Validity
Suschinsky, K. D., Shelley, A. J., Gerritsen, J., Tuiten, A., & Chivers, M. L. (2015) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.13047 · Cited by 12
Disgust, Sexual Cues, and the Prophylaxis Hypothesis
Timmers, A. D., Bossio, J. A., & Chivers, M. L. (2017) · Evolutionary Psychological Science · doi:10.1007/s40806-017-0127-3 · Cited by 13
The Influence of Gender and Menopausal Status on Hba1c Variation in a Big Data Study of a Saudi Population
Alghamdi, A., Alqadi, A., Jenkins, R. O., & Haris, P. I. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399816999200729143238 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of an injectable progestin-estrogen as a contraceptive
Scommegna, A., Lee, A. W., & Borushek, S. (1970) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30363-x · Cited by 12
Nocturnal Light Effects on Menstrual Cycle Length
Rex, K. M., Kripke, D. F., Cole, R. J., & Klauber, M. R. (1997) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.1997.3.387 · Cited by 11
Premenopause: The endocrinology of reproductive decline
Batrinos, M. L. (2013) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/bf03401300 · Cited by 11
Modelling Menstrual Cycle Length and Variability at the Approach of Menopause by Using Hierarchical Change Point Models
Huang, X., Elliott, M. R., & Harlow, S. D. (2013) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C (Applied Statistics) · doi:10.1111/rssc.12044 · Cited by 11
Prospective evaluation of the impact of intermenstrual bleeding on natural fertility
Crawford, N., Pritchard, D. A., Herring, A. H., & Steiner, A. Z. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.01.015 · Cited by 11
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Elguero, S., Patel, B., & Hurd, W. W. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52210-4_8 · Cited by 11
Shortened menstrual cycles in LCD manufacturing workers
Lin, C., Huang, C. N., Hwang, Y., Wang, J.-D., Weng, S. P., Shie, R., & Chen, P. (2012) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqs172 · Cited by 11
Pattern of menstrual cycle length in South Indian women: A prospective study
Jeyaseelan, L., Antonisamy, B., & Rao, P. S. S. (1992) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1992.9988826 · Cited by 11
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Attitudes toward Romantic Kissing
Wlodarski, R., & Dunbar, R. (2013) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-013-9176-x · Cited by 10
Incidence, type, and etiology of menstrual disorders in the age group 12–19 years
Batrinos, M. L., Panitsa-Faflia, C., Courcoutsakis, N. A., & Chatzipavlou, V. (1990) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0932-8610(12)80062-4 · Cited by 10
Ramifications of adolescent menstrual cycles ≥42 days in young adults
Morrison, J. A., Glueck, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Wang, P., & Stroop, D. M. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.005 · Cited by 10
Effects of age and non-hormonal contraception on menstrual cycle characteristics
Dennerstein, L., Gotts, G. H., & Brown, J. B. (1997) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513599709152523 · Cited by 10
A cost comparison of infertility treatment for clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
Fridström, M., Sjöblom, P., Granberg, M., & Hillensjø, T. (1999) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.1999.780308.x · Cited by 10
Post‐tubal Sterilization Syndrome
Lethbridge, D. J. (1992) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1992.tb00693.x · Cited by 10
Aging of the Female Reproductive System: A Neuroendocrine Perspective
Wise, P. M. (1989) · Neuroendocrine perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3554-5_4 · Cited by 10
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A one-year observational cohort study of menstrual cramps and ovulation in healthy, normally ovulating women
Bann, S. A., Goshtasebi, A., Shirin, S., & Prior, J. C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08658-3 · Cited by 9
Retracted
Exposure to Multiple Low-Level Chemicals in Relation to Reproductive Hormones in Premenopausal Women Involved in Liquid Crystal Display Manufacture
Lin, C., Huang, C.-N., Wang, J., Hwang, Y., Shie, R., Chang, Y.-Y., Weng, S.-P., & Chen, P. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10041406 · Cited by 9
Length and Variability of The Menstrual Cycle
Beach, S. A. (1968) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1968.03140250128026 · Cited by 9
Relationship between sex hormones levels and 18 F-FDG uptake by the ovaries in premenopausal woman
Kim, T. H., Kim, M. R., Jung, Y., & An, Y.-S. (2019) · Radiology and Oncology · doi:10.2478/raon-2019-0035 · Cited by 8
How accurate are women's estimates of date of onset of next menses?
Baker, A. H., Denning, A. C., Kostin, I., & Schwartz, L. M. (1998) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870449808407439 · Cited by 8
Determinants of ApoB, ApoA1, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in healthy schoolgirls, prospectively studied from mean ages 10 to 19 years: the Cincinnati National Growth and Health Study
Morrison, J. A., Glueck, C. J., Daniels, S. R., Horn, P. S., & Wang, P. (2012) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.02.014 · Cited by 8
Menstrual Cycle Length in Women Ages 20-30 years in Makassar
Azis, A. A., Kurnia, N., Hartati, H., & Purnamasari, A. B. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012019 · Cited by 8
Women’s Attention to and Memory for Fertile- and Non-Fertile Phase Women Across the Menstrual Cycle
Necka, E. A., Faig, K. E., Hedger, K. V., Lyons, I. M., Dimitroff, S. J., Luhmann, M., Puts, D. A., & Norman, G. J. (2018) · Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology · doi:10.1007/s40750-018-0093-4 · Cited by 7
Prognostic effect of menstrual cycle on timing of surgery in premenopausal breast cancer patients
Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, L., Yin, K., Yin, W., & Lu, J. (2015) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.01.025 · Cited by 7
A composite menstrual cycle of captive orangutans, with associated hormonal and behavioral variability
Durgavich, L., Harwell, F. S., & Knott, C. D. (2022) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.23420 · Cited by 8
The Duration of Menstrual Blood Loss: Historical to Current Understanding
Habiba, M. A., & Benagiano, G. (2023) · Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.3390/reprodmed4030015 · Cited by 7
Menstrual synchrony can be assessed, inherent cycle variability notwithstanding: Commentary on Schank (2001).
Weller, A., & Weller, L. (2002) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037//0735-7036.116.3.316 · Cited by 7
Follicular growth pattern in normal-cycling Brazilian adolescents
Cabral, Z. A. F., & de Medeiros, S. F. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.127 · Cited by 6
Distribution model of human ovulatory cycles
Sharpe, P. J. H., & Nordheim, A. W. (1980) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(80)90194-0 · Cited by 7
Clinical experience with intramuscular norethisterone oenanthate as a contraceptive
Howard, G., Blair, M., Fotherby, K., Howell, R. J. S., Elder, M. G., & Bye, P. (1980) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/01443618009067684 · Cited by 7
Length of menstrual cycles and their variability.
Monari, P., & Montanari, A. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 7
A generative, predictive model for menstrual cycle lengths that accounts for potential self-tracking artifacts in mobile health dataPreprint
Li, K. K., Urteaga, I., Shea, A. A., Vitzthum, V. J., Wiggins, C. H., & Elhadad, N. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.12439 · Cited by 7
The effects of oral contraceptives on resting autonomic function and the autonomic response to physiological stressors: a systematic review
Pereira, T. J., Bouakkar, J., Johnston, H., Pakosh, M. T., Drake, J. D., & Edgell, H. (2023) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-023-00996-0 · Cited by 6
Similarities and Differences in Reproductive Endocrinology Between Non‐Human Primates and Humans
YOSHIDA, T. (1999) · Congenital Anomalies · doi:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1999.tb00561.x · Cited by 6
Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system
Szmelskyj, I., Aquilina, L., & Szmelskyj, A. O. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5010-7.00002-3 · Cited by 6
Menstrual Cycle-Associated Changes in Micronutrient Biomarkers Concentration: A Prospective Cohort Study
Aguree, S., Murray‐Kolb, L. E., Díaz, F. J., & Gernand, A. D. (2022) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/07315724.2022.2040399 · Cited by 6
The Role of Attractiveness in Gendered Sexual Response Patterns
Timmers, A. D., Blumenstock, S. M., DeBruine, L. M., & Chivers, M. L. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2284346 · Cited by 6
Intercorrelations between menstrual cycle patterns and body dimensions in Austrian women
Kirchengast, S. (1994) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932000021246 · Cited by 6
Long-term use of daily administration of low doses of norgestrel as an oral contraceptive
Foss, G. L., & Fotherby, K. (1975) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932000010154 · Cited by 6
The Menopausal Transition: Guidelines for Researchers
Mansfield, P. K., Jorgensen, C. M., & Yu, L. C. (1989) · Health Education · doi:10.1080/00970050.1989.10616153 · Cited by 6
Menstrual effects on surgical treatment for breast cancer
Davidson, N. E., & Abeloff, M. D. (1993) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/0305-7372(93)90029-q · Cited by 6
Periodogram analysis of menstrual cycles
Pochobradský, J. (1970) · Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research · doi:10.1080/09291017009359226 · Cited by 6
What we do and do not know about the menstrual cycle or, questions scientists could be asking
Harlow, S. D., & Ephross, S. A. (1995) · doi:10.31899/rh5.1012 · Cited by 6
Injectable Biomimetic Hydrogel Constructs for Cell-Based Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Reduced Breast Cancer Potential
Yang, C., Yang, H., Kim, H., Chung, N., Shin, J., Min, H., Lee, K., & Lee, J. R. (2024) · Biomaterials Research · doi:10.34133/bmr.0054 · Cited by 7
Clinical Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Futterweit, W., Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., & Azziz, R. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-179-6_14 · Cited by 5
Clinical Manifestation and Management of FXPOI
Sherman, S. L., Allen, E. G., Spencer, J. B., & Nelson, L. M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33898-9_10 · Cited by 5
Effects of oral contraceptives on serum concentrations of adipokines and adiposity indices of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Amiri, M., Rahmati, M., Hedayati, M., Nahidi, F., & Tehrani, F. R. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01349-8 · Cited by 5
Physiologic control of conception with an intramuscular progestogen-estrogen: Clinical experience
Creasy, R. K., Hillig, J. E., & Morris, J. A. (1970) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(70)90046-6 · Cited by 5
Assessment of the state of menstrual synchrony: Reply to comment by Arden and Dye (1998).
Weller, A., & Weller, L. (1998) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037//0735-7036.112.3.325 · Cited by 5
Recalled characteristics of menstruation in relation to reproductive history among Caucasian, Japanese and Chinese women living in Hawaii
Goodman, M. J., Grove, J., & Gilbert, F. I. (1984) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014468400007111 · Cited by 5
Living with Changing Health: Perimenopause among Chinese Women in Taiwan
Tsao, L. (1997) · doi:10.22371/07.1997.12 · Cited by 5
Variation in menstrual cycle length by age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index in a large digital cohort of women in the USPreprint
Li, H., Gibson, E. A., Jukic, A. M. Z., Baird, D. D., Wilcox, A. J., Curry, C. L., Fischer‐Colbrie, T., Onnela, J.-P. “., Williams, M. A., Hauser, R. B., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.30.22280382 · Cited by 5
Mental Health and the Menstrual Cycle: Practitioner Attitudes, Confidence, and Practice
Stotz, T., & Brand, R. M. (2025) · Women & Therapy · doi:10.1080/02703149.2025.2459956 · Cited by 4
Impact of Estrogen Replacement on Endothelial Dysfunction and Psychological Health in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
SHUFELT, C. L., Safwan, N., Saadedine, M., Cook‐Wiens, G., Maughan, J., Pisarska, M. D., Manson, J. E., Berga, S. L., Faubion, S. S., Shah, P. K., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf364 · Cited by 4
An audit and quality assessment of the methods used to determine menstrual cycle phases in studies assessing athletic performance in elite female athletes
Sherwin, G., Flood, T. R., Burden, R. J., Burke, L. M., Field, A., Kuikman, M. A., McKay, A. K. A., Smith, E. S., & Elliott-Sale, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2025.2583013 · Cited by 4
Conjuring the Ghosts of Missing Children: A Monte Carlo Simulation of Reproductive Restraint in Tokugawa Japan
Drixler, F. F. (2015) · Demography · doi:10.1007/s13524-015-0378-1 · Cited by 4
The effects of steroid hormone exposure on direct gene regulation
Wiley, T. S., & Haraldsen, J. T. (2014) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2014.07.010 · Cited by 4
Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment
Anumba, D. O. C., & Jayasooriya, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5 · Cited by 5
Effect of Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Fat Oxidation during Exercise in the Menstrual Cycle: A Pilot Study
Ishikawa, A., Matsuda, T., Gam, H., Kanno, M., Yamada, M., Ikegami, N., Funaki, A., Ogata, H., Kamemoto, K., Ichihara, T., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14193896 · Cited by 4
Links between breast cancer and birth weight: an empirical test of the hypothesized association between size at birth and premenopausal adult progesterone concentrations
Milich, K. M., Deimel, C., Schaebs, F. S., Thornburg, J., Deschner, T., & Vitzthum, V. J. (2015) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-015-0221-6 · Cited by 4
The pattern of early menstrual cycles in Nigerian girls
Uche, G. O., Okorafor, A. E., & Okore, A. O. (1986) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014468600008221 · Cited by 4
The laws of Taharat HaMishpacha: potential effects on fertility
Gardin, S. K. (1988) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s002193200001720x · Cited by 4
Naegele's rule
Moore, W. M., Mittendorf, R., Williams, M., STRONGE, J. M., & Rasmussen, M. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90236-i · Cited by 4
Gender of Infants Conceived on Different Days of the Menstrual Cycle
James, W. H. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197911153012017 · Cited by 4
Experience with Norgestrel in Continuous Microdosage
Foss, G. L. (1971) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8651-7_26 · Cited by 4

Authors: Chiazze, L.
Corresponding author: Chiazze, Leonard
Venue: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1968-02-05
Volume: 203
Issue: 6
Pages: 377
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1968.03140060001001
OpenAlex: W2027829650
Cited by: 374
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 27.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
Keywords: menstrual cycle length, menstrual cycle variability, cycle length distribution, age differences, women's reproductive health
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Menopause, Menstruation, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Statistics as Topic, Time Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Length and Variability of the Human Menstrual Cycle

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks