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Linking Clinical Variables With Health-Related Quality of Life: A Conceptual Model of Patient Outcomes
Abstract
HEALTH-related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly used as an outcome in clinical trials, effectiveness research, and research on quality of care. Factors that have facilitated this increased usage include the accumulating evidence that measures of HRQL are valid and "reliable,"1the publication of several large clinical trials showing that these outcome measures are responsive to important clinical changes,2-5and the successful development and testing of shorter instruments that are easier to understand and administer.6-13Because these measures describe or characterize what the patient has experienced as the result of medical care, they are useful and important supplements to traditional physiological or biological measures of health status. Given this improved ability to assess patients' health status, how can physicians and health care systems intervene to improve HRQL? Implicit in the use of measures of HRQL in clinical trials and in effectiveness research is the concept that clinical
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“Symptoms and side effects are the most proximally and least confounded clinical variables associated with disease and treatment; however, as one moves further away from the direct effects of disease and treatment, towards the broader construct of quality of life, many other confounding patient and environmental factors influence a quality of life score.”
In the citing paper
“The model suggests that to be very precise and valid, distinctly different PROs should be assessed separately to maximize information and decrease overlap between constructs.”
In the citing paper
“Per Wilson and Cleary, HRQOL is a broad, multi-faceted construct affected by many confounding variables [16].”
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“In this way, symptom-driven functional impairment was an indirect measure of symptom burden [ 31 ].”
BackgroundCorrelates of health-related quality of life in upper aerodigestive tract cancer patients
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BackgroundSexual Function, Incontinence, and Wellbeing in Women after Rectal Cancer—A Review of the Evidence
Panjari, M., Bell, R. J., Burney, S., Bell, S. W., McMurrick, P. J., & Davis, S. R. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02894.x · Cited by 57
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Elliott, J. O., & Richardson, V. E. (2014) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.035 · Cited by 56
“Common definitions include: health status, physical functioning, symptoms, psychosocial adjustment, well-being, life satisfaction, happiness, subjective well-being, health perceptions, needs satisfaction, individual cognition, functional disability and psychiatric disturbance (48-51).”
InfluentialHolzemer, W. L., Henry, S. B., Portillo, C. J., & Miramontes, H. M. (2000) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/s1055-3290(06)60420-2 · Cited by 56
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Erickson, S. R., Williams, B. C., & Gruppen, L. D. (2004) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.24.4.344.33177 · Cited by 56
“The relationships between patient, disease, treatment variables, symptoms, and HRQOL were described by a model published in 1995.(13) This model proposes that physiologic changes due to illness or treatment lead to symptoms, which in turn influences functional status or HRQOL.”
MethodImplications of apathy and depression for everyday functioning in HIV/AIDS in Brazil
Kamat, R., Morgan, E. E., Marcotte, T. D., Badiee, J., Maich, I., Cherner, M., de Almeida, S., Pereira, A. P., Ribeiro, C. E., Barbosa, F. J. L., et al. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.040 · Cited by 55
“Not only do these functional difficulties pose public health concerns, but they also contribute to decreased quality of life for patients (Wilson and Cleary, 1995).”
Myers, E. R., & Steege, J. F. (1999) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70494-1 · Cited by 56
Park, H.-E., Song, H. Y., Han, K., Cho, K.-H., & Kim, Y. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1078-0 · Cited by 55
Quality of Life and Psychological Distress of Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Prapa, P. M., Papathanasiou, I. V., Bakalis, V. I., Malli, F., Papagiannis, D., & Fradelos, Ε. C. (2021) · World Journal of Oncology · doi:10.14740/wjon1371 · Cited by 56
“They also added that it deals mainly with those factors that fall within the scope of healthcare systems and healthcare providers [12].”
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Whitton, A. E., Kumar, P., Treadway, M. T., Rutherford, A. V., Ironside, M. L., Foti, D., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Du, F., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02165-1 · Cited by 55
Chronic liver disease and health-related quality of life
Younossi, Z. M. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.22073 · Cited by 55
Health-related quality of life of adults with upper respiratory tract infections
Linder, J. A., & Singer, D. E. (2003) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21246.x · Cited by 55
Geraedts, V. J., Dimopoulou, C., Auer, M. K., Schopohl, J., Stalla, G. K., & Sievers, C. (2015) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00229 · Cited by 54
“For this purpose, a theoretical model (23) was applied on acromegaly and tested in two primary data sets: (a) a”
MethodAnis, A. H., Nosyk, B., Sun, H., Guh, D. P., Bansback, N. J., Li, X., Barnett, P. G., Joyce, V. R., Swanson, K. M., Kyriakides, T. C., et al. (2009) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181a4f00d · Cited by 55
Chae, S., Park, J. W., & Kang, H. S. (2014) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/1043659613515714 · Cited by 55
“Quality of life is a multidimensional concept that is related to the health status of a person (Saxena & Orley, 1997; Wilson & Cleary, 1995).”
BackgroundSocial oral epidemi(olog)2y where next: one small step or one giant leap?
Baker, S. R., & Gibson, B. (2014) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12118 · Cited by 58
“apply the Wilson and Cleary (31) model to further our understanding of the determinants of oral disease and oral health quality of life (e.”
MethodA comparison of scoring weights for the EuroQol derived from patients and the general public
Polsky, D., Willke, R. J., Scott, K., Schulman, K. A., & Glick, H. A. (2001) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/1099-1050(200101)10:1 · Cited by 53
Krabbe, P. F. M. (2017) · The Measurement of Health and Health Status · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801504-9.00006-4 · Cited by 42
An integral assessment framework of health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Vercoulen, J. H., Daudey, L., Molema, J., Vos, P. J. E., Peters, J. B., Top, M., & Folgering, H. T. M. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802365474 · Cited by 55
“However, in most studies no definitions are provided, and, if provided, definitions usually are not theory driven, are very diverse, highly abstract, and commonly not validated (Bowling, 2001a; Taillefer et al., 2003; Wilson & Cleary, 1995 ).”
BackgroundMartínez‐Sanchis, S., Bernal, M. C., Montagud, J. V., Candela, G., Crespo, J. F., Sancho, A., & Pallardó, L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.595396 · Cited by 54
“General health perception and expectancy are often measured with one global question that allows subjects to synthesize all objective and subjective experiences regarding their personal health ( Wilson & Cleary, 1995 ).”
Backgroundde Loos, D. A. E. D., Segboer, C. L., Gevorgyan, A. M., & Fokkens, W. J. (2013) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-012-0334-8 · Cited by 56
Components and determinants of quality of life in community-dwelling older adults
Martínez‐Martín, P., Prieto-Flores, M.-E., Forjaz, M. J., Fernández‐Mayoralas, G., Rojo‐Pérez, F., Rojo, J.-M., & Ayala, A. (2012) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-012-0232-x · Cited by 59
“In the conceptual model of health-related QoL, Wilson and Cleary identify functional ability as an important predictor (Willson and Cleary 1995).”
BackgroundLiao, Y.-C., Shun, S., Liao, W., Yu, C., Yang, P., & Lai, Y. (2014) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/14.onf.e44-e55 · Cited by 54
“Functioning: Functioning is the ability of a person to perform particular defined tasks and is affected by symptoms and multiple patient-specific factors (Wilson & Cleary, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialHow Health Conditions Translate into Self-Ratings
Hardy, M. A., Acciai, F., & Reyes, A. M. (2014) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146514541446 · Cited by 56
Stehlik, J., Rodriguez-Correa, C., Spertus, J. A., Biber, J. E., Nativi-Nicolau, J. N., Zickmund, S. L., Steinberg, B. A., Peritz, D. C., Walker, A. M., Hess, J. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.09.009 · Cited by 54
Luo, N., O’Connor, C. M., Cooper, L. B., Sun, J., Coles, A., Reed, S. D., Whellan, D. J., Piña, I. L., Kraus, W. E., & Mentz, R. J. (2018) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ejhf.1299 · Cited by 55
(A2) Oral Health and General Health
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“In the wider literature, relationships between clinical variables and quality of life often appear weak, because the links between them are complex and mediated by numerous factors, with many confounders unavoidably operating in most studies (Wilson and Cleary, 1995).”
BackgroundOutcomes in lower respiratory tract infections and the impact of antimicrobial drug resistance
Metlay, J. P., & Singer, D. E. (2002) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.8.s.2.4.x · Cited by 54
“changes in distal end-points, such as symptoms, quality of life, and functional status [2].”
BackgroundZamanian, H., Amini‐Tehrani, M., Jalali, Z., Daryaafzoon, M., Ramezani, F., Malek, N., Adabimohazab, M., Hozouri, R., & Taghanaky, F. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.657992 · Cited by 53
Treatment of Postmastectomy Pain With Ambulatory Continuous Paravertebral Nerve Blocks
Ilfeld, B. M., Madison, S. J., Suresh, P., Sandhu, N. S., Kormylo, N. J., Malhotra, N., Loland, V. J., Wallace, M. S., Proudfoot, J. A., Morgan, A. C., et al. (2014) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1097/aap.0000000000000035 · Cited by 55
Conijn, A. P., Jens, S. R. J., Terwee, C. B., Breek, J. C., & Koelemay, M. J. W. (2015) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.12.002 · Cited by 54
Health outcomes of adults 3 months after injury
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Rozier, R. G., & Pahel, B. T. (2008) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2007.12.002 · Cited by 53
Using individual growth model to analyze the change in quality of life from adolescence to adulthood
Chen, H., & Cohen, P. R. (2006) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-4-10 · Cited by 53
Consequences of maternal morbidity on health-related functioning: a systematic scoping review
Machiyama, K., Hirose, A., Cresswell, J. A., Barreix, M., Chou, D., Kostanjsek, N. F. I., Say, L., & Filippi, V. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013903 · Cited by 53
“effectiveness of intervention or to allocate resources.(37)”
Measuring positive health: for now, a bridge too far
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Cruice, M. N. (2008) · International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1080/17549500701790520 · Cited by 53
“A slightly more advanced and multifactorial model of that same view is that of Wilson and Cleary (1995), who also include the characteristics of the individual and the environment.”
Devine, K. A., Reed, B., Loiselle, K. A., Simons, L. E., Mee, L. L., & Blount, R. L. (2011) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsr007 · Cited by 53
“To identify potential predictors and aid in the interpretation of results, the revised model of HRQOL by Wilson and Cleary (1995) was utilized as a guiding theoretical construct (Ferrans, Zerwic, Wilbur, & Larson, 2005).”
MethodPopulation‐based studies of the epidemiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia
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Impact of First Dialysis Modality on Outcome of Patients Contraindicated for Kidney Transplant
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Brunault, P., Battini, J., Potard, C., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2015.07.020 · Cited by 52
Hanmer, J., Feeny, D. H., Fischhoff, B., Hays, R. D., Hess, R., Pilkonis, P. A., Revicki, D. A., Roberts, M. S., Tsevat, J., & Yu, L. (2015) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0321-6 · Cited by 52
“Patient reports about functioning and well-being, or health-related quality of life (HRQoL), are important outcomes of health care [1].”
BackgroundRitsner, M. S., Arbitman, M., & Lisker, A. (2011) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182349ce6 · Cited by 53
“The concept of quality of life has both objective (social functioning and environment) and subjective (well-being, life satisfaction, or happiness) components (Wilson and Cleary, 1995).”
BackgroundShaikh, N., Hoberman, A., Paradise, J. L., Wald, E. R., Switze, G. E., Kurs‐Lasky, M., Colborn, D. K., Kearney, D. H., & Zoffel, L. M. (2008) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e318185a387 · Cited by 53
“To develop an instrument that could reliably measure AOM symptom burden over time, we followed the conceptual model shown in Figure 1.(7) We developed the instrument specifically to be used as an outcome measure, not as a diagnostic or prognostic tool.”
MethodPositive Brain Health Now Investigators, Mayo, N. E., Brouillette, M., & Fellows, L. K. (2016) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0527-1 · Cited by 52
“The model comprehensively considers the relationship between characteristics of the individual, and of their environment, as they relate to a continuum from biological variables, to symptoms, to functional status and quality of life [26].”
BackgroundHuang, I., Brinkman, T. M., Armstrong, G. T., Leisenring, W. M., Robison, L. L., & Krull, K. R. (2017) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-016-0589-5 · Cited by 58
“Our findings do not infer a causal effect although the literature hypothesizes that Bdisease experience-distress-HRQOL^ is a reasonable pathway [46].”
Finch, A. P., Brazier, J. E., & Mukuria, C. (2018) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2018.07.001 · Cited by 51
Communication changes with laryngectomy and impact on quality of life: a review
Sharpe, G., Camões‐Costa, V., Doubé, W., Sita, J. C., McCarthy, C. D., & Carding, P. N. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-2033-y · Cited by 51
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“The HealthRelated Quality of Life (HRQOL) (Wilson & Cleary, 1995) theory is frequently used to evaluate the quality of patient care.”
Mbada, C. E., Onayemi, O. E., Ogunmoyole, Y., et al. (2013) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-11-106 · Cited by 52
“Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) refers to quality of life in a clinical setting that includes those dimensions such as global health perceptions, symptom status, functional status, biologic and physiologic variables, individual and environmental characteristics directly affected by the overall state of health […”
BackgroundHealth-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Ünsar, S., Süt, N., & Durna, Z. (2007) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jcn.0000297382.91131.8d · Cited by 52
“Health-related quality of life can be defined as health status and viewed as a continuum of increasingly complex patient outcomes: biological/ physiological factors, symptoms, function, general health perceptions, and overall well-being or quality of life.(28,29,34,35)”
BackgroundO’Brien, K. K., Solomon, P. E., Bergin, C. J., O’Dea, S., Stratford, P. W., Iku, N., & Bayoumi, A. M. (2015) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0310-9 · Cited by 47
“Furthermore, evidence demonstrating weak relationships between symptoms and function (domains of disability) and overall health-related quality of life suggest HRQL and disability while related, are distinct concepts, hence both are important to consider in the context of HIV [14, 15].”
BackgroundCarvalho, A. C., Paiva, S. M., Viegas, C., et al. (2013) · Brazilian Dental Journal · doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302360 · Cited by 51
Tamburella, F., Scivoletto, G., Iosa, M., & Molinari, M. (2014) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/1743-0003-11-86 · Cited by 54
“There is an ongoing debate about the ideal method for evaluating responsiveness [49,50].”
MethodDolan, P., & Metcalfe, R. (2012) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x11435173 · Cited by 51
“One way of assessing how health states affect us is to consider their association with subjective well-being (SWB).(11) In general, SWB can be measured by global evaluations of life overall (e.”
BackgroundLocker, D., Jokovic, A., Tompson, B. D., et al. (2007) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00324.x · Cited by 51
Evaluation of Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Rhinoplasty
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A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: key lessons for a new instrument
Olsen, J. A., & Misajon, R. (2019) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-019-02341-3 · Cited by 51
“1 3 The second model, on which our conceptual framework is based, is the revised Wilson and Cleary model [12, 13].”
MethodHaltbakk, J., Hanestad, B. R., & Hunskaar, S. (2005) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-005-3232-x · Cited by 51
“How important are LUTS suggestive of BPH as a factor explaining QOL? Some QOL literature indicates that descriptions of symptoms or disease do not explain the variance in QOL to the same extent as the associated psychologically based judgements that men make of their state [ 23 , 24].”
BackgroundHealth‐related quality of life of preterm children and their caregivers
Donohue, P. (2002) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.10041 · Cited by 51
Impairment and Disability in Patients with Facial Neuromuscular Dysfunction
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Quality of Life in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Survivors
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Association between 24-hour movement behaviors and health-related quality of life in children
Xiong, X., Dalziel, K., Carvalho, N., Xu, R., & Huang, L. (2021) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02901-6 · Cited by 51
Patient-reported outcomes for people with diabetes: what and how to measure? A narrative review
Terwee, C. B., Elders, P. J. M., Blom, M. T., Beulens, J. W. J., Rolandsson, O., Rogge, A. A., Rose, M., Harman, N., Williamson, P. R., Pouwer, F., et al. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05926-3 · Cited by 54
Ventricular Assist Devices: A Review of Psychosocial Risk Factors and Their Impact on Outcomes
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Executive Dysfunction and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Predict Lower Health Status in Essential Tremor
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Trauma reactivation under the influence of propranolol: an examination of clinical predictors
Poundja, J., Sanche, S., Tremblay, J., & Brunet, A. (2012) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.15470 · Cited by 59
“…objective: going beyond the core PTSD symptoms According to several authors (Gladis, Gosch, Dishuk, & Crits-Christoph, 1999; Schnurr & Lunney, 2008; Wilson & Cleary, 1995), a sound treatment should not only reduce the disorder’s core symptoms, but should also improve other domains of functioning.”
BackgroundAspesberro, F. P., Fesinmeyer, M. D., Zhou, C., Zimmerman, J. J., & Mangione-Smith, R. M. (2016) · Pediatric Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/pcc.0000000000000727 · Cited by 50
“Continuous veno venous hemofilteration 1 (0) 22 (1) 0.”
BackgroundAreeudomwong, P., Wongrat, W., Neammesri, N., & Thongsakul, T. (2016) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1165 · Cited by 51
“Wilson & Cleary (1995) suggested a relationship between functional ability and HRQOL; however, it is possible that the interventions used in the present study were prescribed based on a biomedical framework rather than a strict biopsychosocial framework may only affect pain and physical activity…”
BackgroundTopp, M. S., Zimmerman, Z. F., Cannell, P., et al. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-09-804658 · Cited by 50
Gaasterland, C. M. W., der Weide, M. C. J., Roes, K. C. B., & van der Lee, J. H. (2019) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-019-0866-x · Cited by 50
“The construct measured by GAS is on the level of functional status in this model, thus GAS is only applicable for interventions that have an expected effect on the functional status [10].”
BackgroundQuality of life in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 in Canada
Hamoy-Jimenez, G., Kim, R., Suppiah, S., Zadeh, G. M., Bril, V., & Barnett, C. (2020) · Neuro-Oncology Advances · doi:10.1093/noajnl/vdaa003 · Cited by 50
Havranek, E. P., Lapuerta, P., Simon, T. A., et al. (2001) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1054/jcaf.2001.24121 · Cited by 50
Effects of patient satisfaction with care on health‐related quality of life: a prospective study
Renzi, C., Tabolli, S., Picardi, A., et al. (2005) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01301.x · Cited by 50
Shogren, K. A., Bonardi, A., Cobranchi, C., Krahn, G. L., Murray, A., Robinson, A. C., Havercamp, S. M., & Function, T. N. R. O. H. A. (2021) · Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jppi.12386 · Cited by 50
“Economic studies commonly use utility-based approaches to measure HRQoL, attempting to quantity the extent of loss of QoL due to living with disability (Hays & Morales, 2001; Wilson & Cleary, 1995), as in Quality Adjusted Life Years and Disability Adjusted Life Years.”
MethodMulti-targeted therapy of cancer by omega-3 fatty acids-an update
Wei, L., Wu, Z., & Chen, Y. Q. (2021) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.023 · Cited by 48
Naylor, M. D., Hirschman, K. B., Hanlon, A. L., Abbott, K. H., Bowles, K. H., Foust, J. B., Shah, S., & Zubritsky, C. D. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.07.019 · Cited by 50
Brondani, M., & MacEntee, M. I. (2013) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-013-0541-3 · Cited by 51
“However, this model still favours illness and dysfunction even though it claims to be based on the Wilson and Cleary [38] model of healthrelated quality of life, which integrates both the biological and psychological aspects of health influencing quality of life.”
MethodManagement of patients with Alzheimer’s disease: pharmacological treatment and quality of life
Mossello, E., & Ballini, E. (2012) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622312452387 · Cited by 51
Health-related quality of life for children with ASD: Associations with behavioral characteristics
Kuhlthau, K. A., Kovacs, E. A., Hall, T. A., Clemmons, T., Orlich, F., Delahaye, J., & Sikora, D. M. (2013) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2013.04.006 · Cited by 53
Baudouin, C., Creuzot-Garcher, C. P., Hoang-Xuan, T., et al. (2008) · Journal Français d Ophtalmologie · doi:10.1016/s0181-5512(08)71431-1 · Cited by 49
Real-world impact of neurocognitive deficits in acute and early HIV infection
Doyle, K. L., Morgan, E. E., Morris, S., Smith, D. M., Little, S. J., Iudicello, J. E., Blackstone, K., Moore, D. J., Grant, I., Letendre, S. L., et al. (2013) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-013-0218-2 · Cited by 49
Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children With Autoimmune Liver Disease
Gulati, R., Radhakrishnan, K. R., Hupertz, V. F., Wyllie, R., Alkhouri, N., Worley, S. E., & Feldstein, A. E. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31829ef82c · Cited by 49
Williams, G., Nardo, F. D., & Verma, A. (2017) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckx008 · Cited by 49
Quality-of-Life in Children with Orofacial Clefts and Caregiver Well-being
Sischo, L., Wilson-Genderson, M., & Broder, H. L. (2017) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034517725707 · Cited by 49
She, R., Yan, Z., Jiang, H., Vetrano, D. L., Lau, J. T. F., & Qiu, C. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.02.024 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilson, I. B.
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, Ira B.
- ORCID
- Wilson, Ira B.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1995-01-04
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4292024189
- Cited by
- 3,027
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 151 · 2025: 168 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 176 · 2021: 183 · 2020: 197 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 145 · 2015: 131 · 2014: 128 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 106
- FWCI
- 96.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (1-R01-HS06239)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- health-related quality of life, clinical factors, patient-reported outcomes, outcome measures, quality of care, effectiveness research, health assessment
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