The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Protective Effect of Fruits and Vegetables on Development of Stroke in Men
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk of stroke among middle-aged men over 20 years of follow-up. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: The Framingham Study, a population-based longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: All 832 men, aged 45 through 65 years, who were free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1966 through 1969). MEASUREMENTS AND DATA ANALYSIS: The diet of each subject was assessed at baseline by a single 24-hour recall. The estimated total number of servings per day of fruits and vegetables was the exposure variable for this analysis. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, we examined age-adjusted cumulative incidence of stroke by quintile of servings per day. To adjust for multiple covariates, we used proportional hazards regression to calculate the relative risk (RR) of stroke for each increment of three servings per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of completed strokes and transient ischemic attacks. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean (+/- SD) number of fruit and vegetable servings per day was 5.1 (+/- 2.8). During follow-up there were 97 incident strokes, including 73 completed strokes and 24 transient ischemic attacks. Age-adjusted risk of stroke decreased across increasing quintile of servings per day (log rank P for trend, .01). Age-adjusted RR for all stroke, including transient ischemic attack, was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.62 to 0.98) for each increase of three servings per day. For completed stroke the RR was 0.74 (95% Cl, 0.57 to 0.96); for completed stroke of ischemic origin the RR was 0.76 (95% Cl, 0.57 to 1.02); and for completed stroke of hemorrhagic origin, 0.49 (95% Cl, 0.25 to 0.95). Adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, glucose intolerance, physical activity, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and intake of energy, ethanol, and fat did not materially change the results. CONCLUSION: Intake of fruits and vegetables may protect against development of stroke in men.
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Cites
Diet and Health: What Should We Eat?
Willett, W. C. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8160011 · Cited by 1,008
Cited by
Pietta, P.-G. (2000) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np9904509 · Cited by 4,876
de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J.-L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J., & Mamelle, N. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779 · Cited by 2,910
Aune, D., Giovannucci, E., Boffetta, P., Fadnes, L. T., Keum, N., Norat, T., Greenwood, D. C., Riboli, E., Vatten, L. J., & Tonstad, S. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw319 · Cited by 2,419
Antioxidant activity of apple peels
Wolfe, K., Wu, X., & Liu, R. H. (2003) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf020782a · Cited by 1,873
Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease
Aruoma, O. I. (1998) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society · doi:10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9 · Cited by 1,682
Metadata
- Authors
- Gillman, M. W.
- Venue
- JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1995-04-12
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1113
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2091046238
- Cited by
- 518
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 30.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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