Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease

Aruoma, Okezie I.

doi:10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9

Cited by 1,682Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressRedox biology and oxidative stressExercise and Physiological Responses

Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease

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Aruoma, Okezie I.·1998·Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society

DOI 10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9PMC PMC7101596

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Abstract

Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human body. Free‐radical mechanisms have been implicated in the pathology of several human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, malaria, and rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the superoxide radical (O 2 ·− ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are known to be generated in the brain and nervous system in vivo , and several areas of the human brain are rich in iron, which appears to be easily mobilizable in a form that can stimulate free‐radical reactions. Antioxidant defenses to remove O 2 ·− and H 2 O 2 exist. Superoxide dismutases (SOD) remove O 2 ·− by greatly accelerating its conversion to H 2 O 2 . Catalases in peroxisomes convert H 2 O 2 into water and O 2 and help to dispose of H 2 O 2 generated by the action of the oxidase enzymes that are located in these organelles. Other important H 2 O 2 ‐removing enzymes in human cells are the glutathione peroxidases. When produced in excess, ROS can cause tissue injury. However, tissue injury can itself cause ROS generation (e.g., by causing activation of phagocytes or releasing transition metal ions from damaged cells), which may (or may not, depending on the situation) contribute to a worsening of the injury. Assessment of oxidative damage to biomolecules by means of emerging technologies based on products of oxidative damage to DNA (e.g., 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine), lipids (e.g., isoprostanes), and proteins (altered amino acids) would not only advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms but also facilitate supplementation and intervention studies designed and conducted to test antioxidant efficacy in human health and disease.

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Authors: Aruoma, O. I.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Corresponding author: Aruoma, Okezie I.
ORCID: Aruoma, Okezie I.
Venue: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1998-02
Volume: 75
Issue: 2
Pages: 199-212
ISSN: 0003-021X (ISSN-L)
1558-9331
DOI: 10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9
PMC: PMC7101596
OpenAlex: W2078601501
Cited by: 1,682
References: 165
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 115 · 2013: 101 · 2012: 96
FWCI: 6.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Nestec
World Cancer Research Fund
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, antioxidants, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, peroxisomes, oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, isoprostanes, oxidative protein damage, antioxidant supplementation, iron, phagocytes, transition metal ions, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, malaria

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Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease

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