Cited by 980Clinical practice guidelines implementationMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsHealth Sciences Research and Education

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IX. A Method for Grading Health Care Recommendations

Guyatt, Gordon H.·1995·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.1995.03530220066035

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE of applied health research is to improve health care. Summarizing the literature to adduce recommendations for clinical practice is an important part of the process. Recently, the health sciences community has reduced the bias and imprecision of traditional literature summaries and their associated recommendations through the development of rigorous criteria for both literature overviews1-3and practice guidelines.4,5Even when recommendations come from such rigorous approaches, however, it is important to differentiate between those based on weak vs strong evidence. Recommendations based on inadequate evidence often require reversal when sufficient data become available,6while timely implementation of recommendations based on strong evidence can save lives.6In this article, we suggest an approach to classifying strength of recommendations. We direct our discussion primarily at clinicians who make treatment recommendations that they hope their colleagues will follow. However, we believe that any clinician who attends to

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.1995.03530220066035

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal
Torrance, G. W. (1986) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2 · Cited by 2,220
An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681
Rules of Evidence and Clinical Recommendations on the Use of Antithrombotic Agents
Sackett, D. L. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.2_supplement.2s · Cited by 1,369
Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines.
JOLLIFFE, F. R., Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1990) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982808 · Cited by 1,319
Meta-Analysis in Clinical Research
L'ABBÉ, K. A., DETSKY, A. S., & O'ROURKE, K. (1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-224 · Cited by 1,267
Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sacks, H. S., Berrier, J., Reitman, D., Ancona-Berk, V. A., & Chalmers, T. C. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702193160806 · Cited by 1,257
Analysis and interpretation of treatment effects in subgroups of patients in randomized clinical trials
Yusuf, S. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010097038 · Cited by 1,014
Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patients
Cook, D. J., Fuller, H. D., Guyatt, G. H., Marshall, J. C., Leasa, D., Hall, R., Winton, T. L., Rutledge, F., Todd, T., Roy, P., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199402103300601 · Cited by 1,010
Self-citation
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Oxman, A. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520170077040 · Cited by 925

Show all 39 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 980

Integrating Evidence Into Clinical Diagnosis
Richardson, W. S. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-008-9_6 · Cited by 6
Neck Pain
Childs, J. D., Cleland, J. A., Elliott, J. M., Teyhen, D. S., Wainner, R. S., Whitman, J. M., Sopky, B. J., Godges, J. J., Flynn, T. W., Delitto, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Womenʼs Health Physical Therapy · doi:10.1097/jwh.0b013e3182267762 · Cited by 6
Adjusting for covariates in evaluating markers for selecting treatment, with application to guiding chemotherapy for treating estrogen-receptor-positive, node-positive breast cancer
Janes, H., Brown, M. D., Crager, M., Miller, D. P., & Barlow, W. E. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.004 · Cited by 6
What Is the Hierarchy of Clinical Evidence?
Desai, V. S., Camp, C. L., & Krych, A. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58254-1_2 · Cited by 6
Greek physiotherapists’ contemporary knowledge and practice for lateral elbow tendinopathy: An online survey
Samaras, P., Karanasios, S., Stasinopoulos, D., & Gioftsos, G. (2022) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2022.102502 · Cited by 6
Hippocrates and the essence of evidence based medicine
Mountokalakis, T. D. (2009) · Hospital chronicles/Hospital Chronicles · doi:10.2015/hc.v1i1.1 · Cited by 6
Place du traitement ablatif dans le traitement du cancer du rein de la personne âgée
Froger, L., Neuzillet, Y., & Lebrét, T. (2012) · The French Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.purol.2012.07.001 · Cited by 6
Mental health services research methodology
Slade, M., Kuipers, E., & Priebe, S. (2002) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260120114014 · Cited by 6
Teaching Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: 5. Interpreting the Results of a Study on Therapy and Applying Them to a Patient
Wilson, K. R., Mills, E. J., McGowan, J., & Guyatt, G. H. (2002) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/10755530260511856 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Outcome Measure and Efficacy Analysis in Stroke Clinical Trials
Hong, K. (2006) · Cited by 6
Psychopharmacologic Treatment Studies in Autism
Sikich, L. (2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47946-x_14 · Cited by 6
Verfahrensweisen und Methoden zur Nutzenbewertung von Arzneimitteln in Deutschland
Bekkering, G. E., & Kleijnen, J. (2008) · DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1055/s-0028-1100954 · Cited by 6
Interpretation of the Literature
Dolan, M. S. (1998) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00003081-199806000-00011 · Cited by 6
Meta-analysis: Convenient assumptions and inconvenient truth*
Marini, J. J. (2008) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000297959.02114.2b · Cited by 6
Why evidence-based oncology?
Djulbegović, B., Lyman, G. H., & Ruckdeschel, J. C. (2000) · Evidence-based Oncology · doi:10.1054/ebon.1999.0003 · Cited by 6
Quality Assessment for Systematic Review /Meta-Analysis on Antidepressant Therapy Published in Chinese Journals
Xiao, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., & Xu, F. (2012) · International Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.3923/ijp.2012.614.620 · Cited by 5
Oncology nursing research: a global perspective
Fitch, M. I., Barton‐Burke, M., Fong, W., & Young, A. (2023) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-23-382 · Cited by 5
Conceptualizing Sleep Satisfaction: A Rapid Review
Protogerou, C., Gladwell, V., & Martin, C. R. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14100942 · Cited by 5
Impact of mandibular condylar fractures on masticatory muscle function: a narrative review
Lauria, P., Carone, C., Cardarelli, F., Sguera, N., Memè, L., Bambini, F., Fernandes, G. V. O., Bordea, I. R., Vecchio, M. D., Qorri, E., et al. (2024) · Oral & Implantology · doi:10.11138/oi163.1suppl204-217 · Cited by 5
Evidence-Based Medical Practice
Simkiss, D. E. (2005) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmi107 · Cited by 5
Effectiveness of compassion-based interventions at work: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis considering process evaluation and training transfer
Román-Niaves, M. S., Vasquez, C., Coo, C., Nielsen, K. M., Llorens, S., & Salanova, M. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-05959-w · Cited by 8
Promoting Evidence-Based Health Policy, Programming, and Practice for Seniors: Lessons from a National Knowledge Transfer Project
McWilliam, C. L., Stewart, M., Brown, J. B., Feightner, J., Rosenberg, M. W., GUTMAN, G. M., Penning, M. J., Stewart, M., Tamblyn, R. M., & Morfitt, G. (2003) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s071498080000427x · Cited by 5
Jerarquización del conocimiento científico.El sistema GRADE
Rodríguez-Navarro, C. Q., Lucía, V. B., & López, F. G. (2009) · Nefrología · Cited by 5
Neurosurgical Epidemiology and Outcomes Assessment
Garton, H. J. L., Barker, F. G., & Haines, S. J. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5316-3.00012-5 · Cited by 5
Making use of evidence in commissioning practice: insights into the understanding of a telecare study’s findings
Woolham, J., Steils, N., Forsyth, K., Fisk, M. J., & Porteus, J. (2019) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/174426419x15730452200823 · Cited by 5
A Brief History of the Systematic Review
Purssell, E., & McCrae, N. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49672-2_2 · Cited by 5
A Quantitative Study Investigating the Effects of Computerised Clinical Decision Support in the Emergency Department
Bennett, P., & Hardiker, N. R. (2016) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-658-3-53 · Cited by 5
From clinical trials to evidence-based medicine: how to build the evidence!
Therasse, P. (2003) · European Journal of Cancer Supplements · doi:10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90010-3 · Cited by 5
Evidence based medicine: teaching, learning and practice: results of a cross-sectional study from Turkey.
Avşar, Ü. Z., Avşar, Ü., Cansever, Z., Acemoğlu, H., Çayır, Y., & Khan, A. S. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 5
The Epistemological Weight of Randomized-Controlled Trials Depends on Their Results
Flanagan, R. F., & Dammann, O. (2018) · Perspectives in biology and medicine · doi:10.1353/pbm.2018.0034 · Cited by 5
The Importance of Applying Evidence-Based Medicine in Clinical Practice
Karagiannis, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92946-0_1 · Cited by 6
Management of variceal bleeding: PSG guidelines 2006.
Farooqi, J. I., Sm, J., Najib-ul-Haq, Niaz, S. K., Hamid, S. S., Abbas, Z., Gu, T., Aa, N., Umar, M., & Jm, M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Cancer Risk Reduction by Physical Exercise
Willer, A. (2005) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000088237 · Cited by 5
Changing perspectives in the nutritional management of disease
Madden, A. M. (2003) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2003296 · Cited by 5
Guidelines for Guidelines
Steudel, W. I., & Schwerdtfeger, K. (2001) · Acta neurochirurgica. Supplementum · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6237-8_41 · Cited by 5
Magnesium sulphate in pre-eclampsia: Still room for improvement
Clark, T. J., Khan, K. S., & CHIEN, P. F. W. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7157.542a · Cited by 5
What Sorts of Studies do I Include in the Review? Deciding on the Review's Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
Petticrew, M. P., & Roberts, H. M. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470754887.ch3 · Cited by 5
Hypoglycaemic emergencies attended by the Scottish Ambulance Service: a multiple methods investigation.
Fitzpatrick, D. (2015) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 5
La salud pública basada en la evidencia
Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (1997) · Gaceta Sanitaria · doi:10.1016/s0213-9111(97)71298-6 · Cited by 5
Effektivitat der liberalen vs. der restriktiven Episiotomie bei vaginaler Geburt hinsichtlich der Vermeidung von Harn- und Stuhlinkontinenz: eine systematische Ubersicht
Schlömer, G., Groß, M. M., & Meyer, G. (2003) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1046/j.1563-258x.2003.02023.x · Cited by 5
Outcomes in Patients With Acute Lung Injury/ARDS vs Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
Ijaz, M., & Adrish, M. (2015) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.14-3052 · Cited by 5
Evidence-Based Surgery
Gordon, T. A. (2000) · Cited by 5
Combining Data from Multiple Studies
Wang, R. (2023) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evide2300066 · Cited by 5
The struggle for safe staffing levels in the USA: a political economy of evidence-based practice
Munier, T., & Porter, S. (2014) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987114557108 · Cited by 4
Causality at the dawn of the ‘omics’ era in medicine and in nephrology
Zoccali, C., Brancaccio, D., & Nathan, M. J. (2016) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfw032 · Cited by 4
Google Scholar as a Sole Literature Source for Meta-analyses in Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
Ungar, O. J., Muhanna, N., & Chaushu, H. (2023) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-023-03532-8 · Cited by 4
Kaleidoscopic integration: Advancing the integration of incommensurable knowledge in healthcare guidelines
Lösch, L., Willems, W., Bongers, M. E. J., Timen, A., & Zuiderent‐Jerak, T. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116360 · Cited by 4
Fertility drugs and cancer
Venn, A., & Healy, D. (1997) · Reproductive Medicine Review · doi:10.1017/s0962279900001514 · Cited by 4
Rapid Reviews: Sisyphos‘ Erlösung? – Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Mattivi, J. T., & Buchberger, B. (2015) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1548857 · Cited by 4
Interventional studies performed in emergency medical communication centres: systematic review
Reuter, P., Chauvin, A., Javaud, N., Adnet, F., Lapostolle, F., & Yordanov, Y. (2019) · European Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1097/mej.0000000000000608 · Cited by 4
Effects of Manual Lung Hyperinflation Using Rebreathing Bags on Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Intubated Adults
Brazier, D. (2003) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1179/108331903225002461 · Cited by 4
Whose Trial Is It Anyway? Reflections on Morality, Double Standards, Uncertainty and Criticism in International Collaborative Health Research
Tharyan, P. (2006) · Bioethics News · doi:10.1007/bf03351460 · Cited by 4
Expert opinion of nephrologists about the effectiveness of low-protein diet in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Trifirò, G., Fatuzzo, P. M., Ientile, V., Pizzimenti, V., Ferrajolo, C., Santoro, D., Camacho, N., van Rosmalen, J., D’Addetta, G., Lanati, P., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.950209 · Cited by 4
Evidense-based health care
Guyatt, G. H., Haynes, R. B., McKibbon, K. A., & COOK, D. (1997) · Molecular Diagnosis · doi:10.1016/s1084-8592(97)80031-8 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Treatment of Pneumonias in a Managed-Care Organisation
Armstrong, E. P., & Langley, P. C. (1999) · Disease Management & Health Outcomes · doi:10.2165/00115677-199906030-00005 · Cited by 4
Developing quality indicators for the care of HIV-infected pregnant women in the Dutch Caribbean
Hermanides, H. S., van Vught, L. A., Voigt, R. R., Muskiet, F. D., Durand, A., van Osch, G., Koolman-Wever, S., Gerstenbluth, I., Smit, C., & Duits, A. J. (2011) · AIDS Research and Therapy · doi:10.1186/1742-6405-8-32 · Cited by 4
The Proper Use of Neurostimulation for Hand Pain
Pope, J. E., Provenzano, D. A., McRoberts, P., & Deer, T. R. (2015) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.hcl.2015.08.009 · Cited by 4
Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Health Care
Schünemann, H. J., & Guyatt, G. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09834-0_30 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
[Practice guidelines for cancer pain management. Task Force for Cancer Pain Management].
Guevara‐López, U., Covarrubias‐Gómez, A., Carrillo, F. J. O., Orozco, A. F., & Sahagún, F. B. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 4
Em busca de evidência para a prática médica diária
Furlan, A. D. (2000) · Acta Fisiátrica · doi:10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v7i1a102252 · Cited by 4
Randomized Clinical Surgical Trials: Are They Really Necessary?
Itani, K. M. F., & McCullough, L. B. (2004) · Asian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1015-9584(09)60025-7 · Cited by 4
The evolution and impact of the American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on antithrombotic therapy
Tapson, V. F. (2003) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0272-5231(02)00079-5 · Cited by 4
Trials and tribulations
Baker, E. J. (2003) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951103000842 · Cited by 4
Leitlinien
Härter, M. C., & Bermejo, I. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-32221-3_21 · Cited by 4
Risk of neutropenia associated with Sacituzumab govitecan: a systematic review combined with the FAERS database and meta-analysis
Xu, Y.-X., Shen, Q., Lu, X.-F., Shen, X.-L., Zhang, L., Qiao, X.-W., & Zhang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1714638 · Cited by 3
Is It Time Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Had a Specific Patient Reported Outcome Measure? A Review
Soyza, J. D., Chien, H.-Y., Onasanya, A. A., & Turner, A. M. (2025) · Patient Related Outcome Measures · doi:10.2147/prom.s490849 · Cited by 3
Scientific Evidence and the Courts
SHARP, E. W. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b16882-9 · Cited by 3
The Risk-Benefit Balance in the COVID-19 “Vaccine Hesitancy” Literature: An Umbrella Review Protocol
Chaufan, C., Hemsing, N., McDonald, J., & Heredia, C. (2022) · International Journal of Vaccine Theory Practice and Research · doi:10.56098/ijvtpr.v2i2.62 · Cited by 3
Supporting Reflective Teaching Workflow with Real-World Data and Learning Analytics
Kuromiya, H., Nakanishi, T., Horikoshi, I., Majumdar, R., & Ogata, H. (2023) · Information and Technology in Education and Learning · doi:10.12937/itel.3.1.reg.p003 · Cited by 3
Algorithmic Experience: Exploring the Potential of AI Technologies for Medical Knowledge Integration
Lösch, L., & Zuiderent‐Jerak, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52049-5_4 · Cited by 3
A protocol for literature triage in online learning for the net-generation nursing and allied health care students
Ateya, M., Khalil, E., Rasheed, S., & Asokan, G. V. (2015) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.4081/nursrep.2015.5134 · Cited by 3
Evidence-Based Medicine: Boom or Bust in Orthopaedic Trauma?
Harvey, E. J., Martineau, P. A., Schemitsch, E. H., Nowak, L. L., & Agel, J. A. (2019) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.19.00547 · Cited by 3
Justification for the Hierarchical Pyramid of Evidence-Based Medicine and a Defense of Randomization
Pinkston, J. A. (2020) · Synthese Library/Synthese library · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44270-5_7 · Cited by 3
When small degrees of bias in randomized trials can mislead clinical decisions: An example of individualizing preventive treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Kunz, R., Neumayer, H., & Khan, K. S. (2002) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200207000-00018 · Cited by 3
Oversight and Evidence in Stem Cell Innovation: An Examination of International Guidelines
Lysaght, T. (2017) · Stem cells in clinical applications · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59165-0_9 · Cited by 3
Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine
Lai, S.-L., Wu, D., & Lao, Y. (2008) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11655-008-0003-x · Cited by 3
Evidenzbasierte Medizin in der Notfallmedizin
Dick, W. (2008) · Notfall + Rettungsmedizin · doi:10.1007/s10049-007-1000-x · Cited by 3
A Systematic Approach for Midwifery Students: How to Consider Evidence‐Based Research Findings
Lydon‐Rochelle, M. T., HODNETT, E. D., Renfrew, M. J., & Lumley, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(03)00089-8 · Cited by 3
Evidence-Based Medicine in Critical Care
Goldhill, D. R. (2012) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/175114371201300106 · Cited by 3
Evidence into practice for midwifery-led care: part 3
Munro, J., & Spiby, H. (2003) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2003.11.7.11532 · Cited by 3
Evaluating the impact of policies recommending PrEP to subpopulations of men and transgender women who have sex with men based on demographic and behavioral risk factors
Janes, H., Brown, M. D., Glidden, D., Mayer, K., Buchbinder, S., McMahan, V. M., Schechter, M., Guanira, J., & Casapia, M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222183 · Cited by 3
Systematic review of recovery protocols for athletes following ACL injuries: Surgical vs. conservative treatment
Shukla, M., Bindal, V., & Pandey, V. (2019) · Physiotherapy - The Journal of Indian Association of Physiotherapists · doi:10.4103/pjiap.pjiap_5_19 · Cited by 3
Headache: Basic Trial Designs, Sample Sizes and Pitfalls
Angus‐Leppan, H. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-3787-0_23 · Cited by 3
Epidemiology of Nocturia: Evaluation of Prevalence, Incidence, Impact and Risk Factors
Tikkinen, K. A. O., Johnson, T. M., & Cartwright, R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1156-7_5 · Cited by 3
Publications Do Not Always Reflect the Real World
McKneally, M. F., Cassivi, S. D., & Troidl, H. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1888-3_9 · Cited by 3
Evidence based practice: Its origins and future in the podiatry profession
Bristow, I., & Dean, T. (2003) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) · Cited by 3
Evidence-Based Practice and Its Challenges in Speech Pathology: The Example of Cleft Management in Children
Reilly, S. (2006) · Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders · doi:10.1044/ssod16.1.9 · Cited by 3
Early Stage Healthcare Technology Assessment
Pecchia, L., Castaldo, R., Melillo, P., Bracale, U. M., Craven, M. P., & Bracale, M. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803767-6.00008-8 · Cited by 3
Optimising real time clinical librarian support to enhance the evidence base in radiotherapy clinical protocols
Regan, C.-A., Goldsworthy, S., & Pawley, J. (2020) · Library and Information Research · doi:10.29173/lirg809 · Cited by 3
Impact of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Social Media: Does Science Trend As Much As Everyday Events?
Lorenzon, L., Grossman, R. C., & Søreide, K. (2020) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05769-8 · Cited by 3
1. Evidence-Based Dicisions in Growth Hormone Therapy
Hindmarsh, P. C. (1999) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000060829 · Cited by 3
Criteria for the Implementation of Research Evidence in Policy and Practice
Sheldon, T., Guyatt, G. H., & Haines, A. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470755891.ch2 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Uso de los antagonistas de la glucoproteína IIb/IIIa en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST. Importancia del riesgo individual y de las preferencias del paciente
Latour-Pérez, J. (2001) · Medicina Intensiva · doi:10.1016/s0210-5691(01)79692-1 · Cited by 3
Clinical practice guidelines and performance measures in ESRD
Kliger, A. S. (1998) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(98)70183-0 · Cited by 3
Does acetaminophen treat fever in children?
Evered, L. M. (2003) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1067/mem.2003.143 · Cited by 3
A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Effectiveness of Educational Interventions to Support Children and Young People with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Camara, N. T. D., Boshnakova, A., Ramsbottom, A., & White, A. J. R. (2018) · Digital Education Resource Archive (University College London) · Cited by 3
PREFACE
Aron, D. C., & Sowers, M. (1997) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70229-2 · Cited by 3
A Bias‐Corrected Bayesian Nonparametric Model for Combining Studies With Varying Quality in Meta‐Analysis
Verde, P. E., & Rosner, G. L. (2025) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.70034 · Cited by 2
Evidenzbasierte Therapie von Herpes-Virus-Erkrankungen der Haut
Mahler, V. (2005) · Der Hautarzt · doi:10.1007/s00105-005-0899-4 · Cited by 2
Global impact and application of Precision Healthcare
Mentis, A. A., & Liu, L. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13963-5.00001-7 · Cited by 2

Authors: Guyatt, G. H.
Corresponding author: Guyatt, Gordon H.
ORCID: Guyatt, Gordon H.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1995-12-13
Volume: 274
Issue: 22
Pages: 1800
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530220066035
OpenAlex: W2168226052
Cited by: 846
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 28.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
Keywords: strength of recommendation, evidence-based medicine, clinical guidelines, guideline implementation, classification of evidence, clinical decision-making

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IX. A Method for Grading Health Care Recommendations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks