The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 32 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus appears to be a risk factor for some cancers, but the effect of preexisting diabetes on all-cause mortality in newly diagnosed cancer patients is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing overall survival in cancer patients with and without preexisting diabetes. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE through May 15, 2008, including references of qualifying articles. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, original investigations in humans with at least 3 months of follow-up were included. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed by at least 2 independent readers. Of 7858 titles identified in our original search, 48 articles met our criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: One reviewer performed a full abstraction and other reviewers verified accuracy. We contacted authors and obtained additional information for 3 articles with insufficient reported data. RESULTS: Studies reporting cumulative survival rates were summarized qualitatively. Studies reporting Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) or Poisson relative risks were combined in a meta-analysis. A random-effects model meta-analysis of 23 articles showed that diabetes was associated with an increased mortality HR of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.55) compared with normoglycemic individuals across all cancer types. Subgroup analyses by type of cancer showed increased risk for cancers of the endometrium (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.31), breast (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46-1.78), and colorectum (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Patients diagnosed with cancer who have preexisting diabetes are at increased risk for long-term, all-cause mortality compared with those without diabetes.
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TL;DR
In cancer patients with preexisting diabetes, pooled long-term all-cause mortality was significantly higher than in normoglycemic patients (HR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28-1.55) across 23 studies. Significant site-specific increases were found for endometrial, breast, and colorectal cancers.
Key findings
- Meta-analysis of 23 studies found preexisting diabetes associated with increased all-cause mortality after cancer diagnosis: HR 1.41 (95% CI, 1.28-1.55).
- Site-specific pooled estimates were significant for endometrium (HR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.31), breast (HR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46-1.78), and colorectum (HR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24-1.41).
- Nonsignificant increases were reported for prostate (HR 1.51; 95% CI, 0.94-2.43), gastric (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 0.92-2.01), hepatocellular (HR 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70), lung (HR 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99-1.34), and pancreatic cancer (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 0.70-1.69).
- Sensitivity analyses excluding univariate estimates gave HR 1.40 (95% CI, 1.29-1.52); excluding analyses not adjusting/restricting for age and disease severity gave HR 1.42 (95% CI, 1.28-1.56). No significant publication bias was observed by Begg test (P = .92) or Egger plot (P = .34).
Methods
- Systematic review and meta-analysis searching MEDLINE and EMBASE through May 15, 2008; 7,858 titles identified, 48 articles met criteria for the systematic review of long-term all-cause mortality, and 23 studies met criteria for meta-analysis.
- Included English-language human original investigations with at least 3 months follow-up; meta-analysis required risk estimates (HR/RR) and precision estimates, with authors contacted for additional data.
- Random-effects meta-analysis using DerSimonian-Laird method; heterogeneity assessed with Cochran Q and I²; publication bias assessed with Begg funnel plot and Egger plot; sensitivity analyses and nonparametric sign test performed.
Limitations
- The paper states substantial heterogeneity across studies in demographics, diabetes ascertainment, and confounder adjustment; heterogeneity was significant by Q statistic (205 on 24 df, P < .001) and I² (88.3%, P < .001).
- The paper states studies spanned many decades (published 1969-2008), follow-up time was not always reported, and differences in follow-up may limit interpretation.
- Evident from the text: 9 studies with regression models had insufficient reporting for meta-analysis, only 3 of 12 contacted authors provided additional information, and many studies did not adjust for age and cancer severity; power was low (<50%) for prostate, gastric, hepatocellular, lung, and pancreatic cancer estimates.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subgroup analyses by type of cancer showed increased risk for cancers of the endometrium (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.31), breast (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46-1.78), and colorectum (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24-1.41).”
- Also stated in: § Sensitivity Analyses · plain
“Preexisting diabetes was significantly associated with increased long-term, all-cause mortality for cancers of the endometrium (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34-2.31), breast (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.46-1.78), and colorectum (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24-1.41).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Results
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a nonparametric sign test and found no association between diabetes and increased cancer-specific mortality (P=.69).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Cancer-Specific and Noncancer Mortality
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In the paper
“Diabetes was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk in prostate (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.94-2.43), gastric (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.92-2.01), hepatocellular (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70), lung (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99-1.34), and pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.70-1.69).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
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In the paper
“In our analysis, however, stage at diagnosis appeared not to be a major explanatory factor.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
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In the paper
“No study included in this systematic review reported that diabetes was associated with significantly better survival.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Systematic Review of Evidence
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In the paper
“The large I2 value (88%) indicates that the range of plausible risk estimates is wide”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“population-based studies (8 estimates) had a pooled HR of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.27-1.52)”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diabetes was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk in prostate (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.94-2.43), gastric (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.92-2.01), hepatocellular (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70), lung (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99-1.34), and pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.70-1.69).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Diabetes was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk in prostate (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.94-2.43), gastric (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.92-2.01), hepatocellular (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70), lung (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99-1.34), and pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.70-1.69).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also calculated separate estimates for the 9 studies that considered diabetes as the primary exposure (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.30-1.56)”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A random-effects model meta-analysis of 23 articles showed that diabetes was associated with an increased mortality HR of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.55) compared with normoglycemic individuals across all cancer types.”
- Also stated in: § Meta-analysis · plain
“Preexisting diabetes was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality following cancer diagnosis (HR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28-1.55).”
- Also stated in: § Comment · plain
“Preexisting diabetes in cancer patients at the time of diagnosis was associated with an HR of 1.41 for the risk of all-cause mortality compared with individuals without diabetes when pooled across 23 studies of various types of cancer.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Meta-analysis · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of 9 estimates from 8 articles reporting the association of diabetes with cancer-specific mortality, 2 estimates found significantly higher risk,48,78 2 estimates found a nonsignificantly higher risk,36,77 2 estimates found a nonsignificantly lower risk,42,77 and 3 articles did not report a direction of effect.47,68,76”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Cancer-Specific and Noncancer Mortality
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sign test rejected the null hypothesis of equal mortality in patients with and without preexisting diabetes whether we excluded studies that did not report a direction of effect (P = .001) or assumed studies that did not report a direction of effect fell evenly in either category (5 each side, P=.005).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Systematic Review of Evidence
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: In the sign test, studies that did not report a direction of effect fell evenly in either category.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The omission of any one study did not appreciably change the pooled HR, and the estimates in each case were well within the confidence limits of the overall estimate.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Sensitivity Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Heterogeneity was significant by the Q statistic (205 on 24 df, P < .001) and by I2 (88.3%, P < .001).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Meta-analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Our subsidiary analysis of studies that distinguished between cancer and noncancer mortality was inconclusive, so this possibility cannot be excluded.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Of the 3 studies evaluating noncancer mortality, 2 found a significant association with increased risk among patients with preexisting diabetes36,79 and 1 article reported a nonsignificant association with no direction of effect.67”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Cancer-Specific and Noncancer Mortality
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, 32 study estimates found diabetes was associated with increased risk of mortality, 7 found diabetes was associated with decreased risk of mortality, 1 found a null effect, and 10 did not report a direction of effect.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Results > Systematic Review of Evidence
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is possible that high insulin or insulin-like growth factor levels may promote cancer cell and tumor growth.10”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Richardson LC Pollack LA Therapy insight: influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005 2 1 48 53 16264856
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Because some cancers—including cancers of the breast,2 colorectum,3 endometrium,4 liver,5 and pancreas6—occur more commonly in individuals with diabetes”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Larsson SC Mantzoros CS Wolk A Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis Int J Cancer 2007 121 4 856 862 17397032
- Not checked yetcites [3] Larsson SC Orsini N Wolk A Diabetes mellitus and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis J Natl Cancer Inst 2005 97 22 1679 1687 16288121
- Not checked yetcites [4] Friberg E Orsini N Mantzoros CS Wolk A Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis Diabetologia 2007 50 7 1365 1374 17476474
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Using the method described by Cohn and Becker,27 post hoc power calculations based on the overall and site-specific pooled HRs revealed excellent power (≥95%) for overall, endometrial, breast, and colorectal cancer estimates and low power (<50%) for prostate, gastric, hepatocellular, lung, and pancreatic cancer estimates.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Methods > Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cohn and Becker,27
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In the paper
“Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in adults without cancer,86”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [86] Morrish NJ Wang SL Stevens LK Fuller JH Keen H Mortality and causes of death in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes Diabetologia 2001 44 suppl 2 S14 S21 11587045
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Third, patients with preexisting diabetes may have poorer response to cancer treatment, including increased infection risk and intraoperative mortality.39,81”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Meyerhardt JA Catalano PJ Haller DG Impact of diabetes mellitus on outcomes in patients with colon cancer J Clin Oncol 2003 21 3 433 440 12560431
- Not checked yetcites [81] Weiser MA Cabanillas ME Konopleva M Relation between the duration of remission and hyperglycemia during induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia with a hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone/methotrexatecytarabine regimen Cancer 2004 100 6 1179 1185 15022284
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 12 authors contacted, 3 were able to provide additional information, 4 were unable to furnish the necessary information, and 5 did not respond to our request.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Methods > Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
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In the paper
“Cancer patients with diabetes may receive less aggressive cancer treatment or less aggressive diabetes care, both of which could compromise survival.10”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Richardson LC Pollack LA Therapy insight: influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005 2 1 48 53 16264856
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Fleming et al83 found that women older than 67 years with preexisting diabetes had a 17% greater risk of being diagnosed with late vs early stage breast cancer in the SEER database compared with normoglycemic women.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Fleming et al83
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Fourth, patients with preexisting diabetes may present with later-stage disease because of suboptimal cancer screening practices.82”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [82] Beckman TJ Cuddihy RM Scheitel SM Naessens JM Killian JM Pankratz VS Screening mammogram utilization in women with diabetes Diabetes Care 2001 24 12 2049 2053 11723081
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Adults with diabetes experienced increased cancer mortality in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II,8 but not in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-Up.9”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Coughlin SS Calle EE Teras LR Petrelli J Thun MJ Diabetes mellitus as a predictor of cancer mortality in a large cohort of US adults Am J Epidemiol 2004 159 12 1160 1167 15191933
- Not checked yetcites [9] Saydah SH Loria CM Eberhardt MS Brancati FL Abnormal glucose tolerance and the risk of cancer death in the United States Am J Epidemiol 2003 157 12 1092 1100 12796045
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Quality was assessed using elements of the STROBE checklist for cohort studies considered important for quality in these studies.11”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Methods > Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] von Elm E Altman DG Egger M Pocock SJ Gøtzsche PC Vandenbroucke JP STROBE initiative: the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies J Clin Epidemiol 2008 61 4 344 349 18313558
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the association of diabetes and site-specific mortality risk reached statistical significance only for cancers of the endometrium, breast, and colorectum, diabetes appeared to be associated with some additional mortality risk for all types of cancer.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies included in the review evaluated multiple prognostic variables, which likely decreased the risk of publication bias with respect to the relationship between diabetes and mortality in this patient population”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, differences in follow-up time, which was not always reported, may also limit interpretation of the results.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One reviewer performed a full abstraction and other reviewers verified accuracy.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Data Extraction
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“However, experts in cancer epidemiology recognize that attribution of cause of death is often problematic and that undue reliance on attributed cause can bias estimates of risk related to cancer treatment.87-90”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [87] Begg CB Schrag D Attribution of deaths following cancer treatment J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 94 14 1044 1045 12122090
- Not checked yetcites [88] Ederer F Geisser MS Mongin SJ Church TR Mendel JS Colorectal cancer deaths as determined by expert committee and from death certification: a comparison J Clin Epidemiol 1999 52 5 447 452 10360340
- Not checked yetcites [89] Welch HG Black WC Are deaths within 1 month of cancer-directed surgery attributed to cancer? J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 94 14 1066 1070 12122097
- Not checked yetcites [90] Lu TH Shih TP Lee MC Chou MC Lin CK Diversity in death certification: a case vignette approach J Clin Epidemiol 2001 54 11 1086 1093 11675159
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fifth, the diagnosis and treatment of cancer may distract both the patient and the health care team from appropriate management of glycemia, blood pressure, and lipids, proven to reduce morbidity and mortality in diabetic adults.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed by at least 2 independent readers.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Abstract > Study Selection
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and the microvascular and macrovascular damage it causes likely accumulates to some extent regardless of cancer status.”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“First, cancer patients with diabetes may have increased tumor cell proliferation and metastases in a physiologic environment of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.10”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Richardson LC Pollack LA Therapy insight: influence of type 2 diabetes on the development, treatment and outcomes of cancer Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2005 2 1 48 53 16264856
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If several estimates were reported in the same article, we chose the most fully adjusted estimate (ie, multivariate regression was selected over univariate regression, which was selected over unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis).”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Methods > Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Another potential pathway is that acute exposure to hyperglycemia may increase endothelial cell permeability due to increased generation of reactive oxidative species and structural changes in the basement membrane, increasing the likelihood of metastasis.80”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Comment
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [80] Morss AS Edel ER Glucose modulates basement membrane fibroblast growth factor-2 via alterations in endothelial cell permeability J Biol Chem 2007 282 19 14635 14644 17327226
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To avoid overlapping patient populations, we compared data on recruitment years, data source, and geographic location. If a patient population was found to overlap, we included the article with the most comprehensive population or most adjusted estimate of risk associated with preexisting diabetes. This resulted in the exclusion of 12 articles from our systematic review.12-23”
§ Long-term All-Cause Mortality in Cancer Patients With Preexisting Diabetes Mellitus > Methods > Data Synthesis and Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] Janssen-Heijnen ML Maas HA Houterman S Lemmens VE Rutten HJ Coebergh JW Comorbidity in older surgical cancer patients: influence on patient care and outcome Eur J Cancer 2007 43 15 2179 2193 17681780
- Not checked yetcites [13] Lemmens VE Janssen-Heijnen ML Verheij CD Houterman S Repelaer van Driel OJ Coebergh JW Co-morbidity leads to altered treatment and worse survival of elderly patients with colorectal cancer Br J Surg 2005 92 5 615 623 15779071
- Not checked yetcites [14] Tanisada K Teshima T Ikeda H Prognostic factors for patients with esophageal cancer treated with radiation therapy in PCS: a preliminary study Radiat Med 1998 16 6 461 468 9929147
- Not checked yetcites [15] Nagasue N Kohno H Tachibana M Yamanoi A Ohmori H El-Assal ON Prognostic factors after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with Child-Turcotte class B and C cirrhosis Ann Surg 1999 229 1 84 90 9923804 PMC1191612
- Not checked yetcites [16] Huo TI Wu JC Lui WY Diabetes mellitus is a recurrence-independent risk factor in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing resection Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003 15 11 1203 1208 14560154
- Not checked yetcites [17] Hanbali A Al-Khasawneh K Cole-Johnson C Divine G Ali H Protective effect of diabetes against metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer Arch Intern Med 2007 167 5 513 17353502
- Not checked yetcites [18] Merrick GS Butler WM Wallner KE Galbreath RW Allen ZA Adamovich E Androgen-deprivation therapy does not impact cause-specific or overall survival after permanent prostate brachytherapy Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006 65 3 669 677 16682149
- Not checked yetcites [19] Kouvaris J Kouloulias V Loghis C Sykiotis C Balafouta M Vlahos L Prognostic factors for survival in invasive squamous cell vulvar carcinoma: a univariate analysis Gynecol Obstet Invest 2001 51 4 262 265 11408738
- Not checked yetcites [20] Janssen-Heijnen ML Lemmens VE van den Borne BE Biesma B Oei SB Coebergh JW Negligible influence of comorbidity on prognosis of patients with small cell lung cancer: a population-based study in the Netherlands Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007 62 2 172 178 17197191
- Not checked yetcites [21] Maas HA Kruitwagen RF Lemmens VE Goey SH Janssen-Heijnen ML The influence of age and co-morbidity on treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer: a population-based study Gynecol Oncol 2005 97 1 104 109 15790445
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The association of preexisting diabetes in newly diagnosed cancer patients with long-term, all-cause mortality has not been systematically assessed.
“However, the association of preexisting diabetes in newly diagnosed cancer patients with long-term, all-cause mortality has not been systematically assessed.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Age and disease severity at cancer diagnosis are particularly important potential confounders.
“because we believe these are particularly important potential confounders.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
In the sign test, studies that did not report a direction of effect fell evenly in either category.
“assumed studies that did not report a direction of effect fell evenly in either category (5 each side, P=.005)”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Results of some, but not all, epidemiological studies suggest that diabetes may significantly increase mortality in patients with cancer (8).”
From Diabetes and Cancer (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
Citations
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“Patients who suffer from obesity and diabetes respond less well to chemotherapy [27].”
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“Some studies reveal that patients prioritize one chronic illness, and this could indicate that the comorbidities are given low priority.(6,20,21) The research which addresses prioritization when patients have cancer and comorbidity typically focuses on cancer and diabetes.”
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“26 Moreover, we conducted an array of sensitivity analyses, encompassing leave-one-out analysis and single SNP analysis, with the aim of elucidating the influence of individual SNPs on the primary causal relationship.”
Thrombospondins and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment
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“While the association of diabetes and cancer has been known for many years([86-89]), recent studies suggested that even postprandial elevations in blood glucose and/or insulin increases the risk of cancer.”
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus contribution to the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer
Armando Rojas, R., Lindner, C., Schneider, I., González, I., Araya, H., Morales, E., Gómez, M., Nelson Urdaneta, L., Araya, P., & Morales, M. A. (2021) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v13.i12.1997 · Cited by 12
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“Reports have also presented an association between pre-existing diabetes and mortality in patients with cancer.(19) Diabetic cancer patients have higher mortality rates than non-diabetic patients for most cancer sites, including stomach cancer.”
BackgroundInhibitory effect of metformin on bone metastasis of cancer via OPG/RANKL/RANK system
Jian, W., Chen, T., Qin, S., Duan, Y., & Wang, G. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.032 · Cited by 12
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“Individuals with diabetes and cancer have a poorer prognosis, higher mortality rates, higher infection rates, and shorter remission periods compared to individuals with cancer who do not have diabetes (Barone et al., 2008, 2010; Peairs et al., 2011; Psarakis, 2006).”
BackgroundQuality of diabetes care in cancer: a systematic review
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“Fourth, diabetes is associated with excess morbidity and mortality in cancer [7].”
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“Cancer patients with diabetes showed a 41% higher all-cause mortality compared with individuals without diabetes, according to a pooled-analysis comprising 23 studies on different cancer types [7].”
BackgroundDiabetes, chronic kidney disease and cancer risk
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“Indeed, it is a general finding that once the cancer has been diagnosed, the chance of dying from the cancer is higher in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes [10].”
Prevalence of diabetes in patients admitted to a cancer hospital
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“A potential consequence of these therapies is the onset of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, which is commonly associated with increased long-term, all-cause mortality in oncologic patients (7).”
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“It is therefore not surprising that numerous studies attributed to diabetic cancer patients a fundamentally reduced outcome [30,31].”
BackgroundOutcomes of preexisting diabetes mellitus in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer
Griffiths, R. I., Valderas, J. M., McFadden, E. C., Bankhead, C. R., Lavery, B. A., Khan, N., Stevens, R., & Keating, N. L. (2017) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-017-0631-2 · Cited by 11
Cancer risk in patients with diabetic nephropathy
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“In addition, DM has also been shown to be associated with cancer mortality.([8,9])”
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BackgroundDiabetes driven effects on incidence and mortality of breast cancer: A meta-analysis
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“In a meta-analysis by Barone et al.5, the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer was not associated with the coexistence of diabetes.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPlans‐Beriso, E., de Villiers, C. B., Petrova, D., Barahona-López, C., Diez‐Echave, P., Hernández, O. R., Fernández‐Martínez, N. F., Turner, H., García‐Ovejero, E., Craciun, O., et al. (2024) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-024-02554-9 · Cited by 10
“For cancer, these risk (or preventive) factors include smoking [25], obesity [26], diabetes [27–29], Helicobacter pylori infection/colonisation [30], human papillomavirus (HPV) infection [30], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [30], alcohol consumption [31], liver cirrhosis and viral…”
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“At the same time, a meta-analysis showed that the combination of DM with malignant tumors could significantly increase the mortality rate of patients (13).”
Quality of diabetes care in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer
Griffiths, R. I., McFadden, E. C., Stevens, R., Valderas, J. M., Lavery, B. A., Khan, N., Keating, N. L., & Bankhead, C. R. (2018) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-018-0717-5 · Cited by 10
Cause-Specific Mortality in Multiethnic South East Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes and Survival among Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Yuan, C., Zhang, X., Babić, A., Morales‐Oyarvide, V., Zhang, Y., Smith‐Warner, S. A., Wu, K., Wang, M., Wolpin, B. M., Meyerhardt, J. A., et al. (2021) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1083 · Cited by 10
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Diabetes and cancer: Optimising glycaemic control
Joharatnam‐Hogan, N., & Morganstein, D. L. (2022) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.13051 · Cited by 11
Qiao, Z., Dang, C., Zhou, B., Li, S., Zhang, W., Jiang, J., Zhang, J., Ma, Y., Kong, R., & Ma, Z. (2016) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2016.4428 · Cited by 12
“These findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation serves a significant role in oncogenesis and tumor progression (16-18).”
BackgroundOverweight, Obesity, and Pancreatic Cancer
McWilliams, R. R., & Petersen, G. M. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.922 · Cited by 10
Gao, P., Mei, Z., Liu, Z., Zhu, D., Yuan, H., Zhao, R., Xu, K., Zhang, T., Jiang, Y., Suo, C., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.34719 · Cited by 9
“19,20 In addition, the influence of other risk factors on the association of urea with CRC, including diet, genetic profiles and other metabolic factors (i.e., obesity, renal function), are not fully understood.”
BackgroundYang, X., QimeiZhong, Huang, M.-W., Li, L., Tang, C., Luo, S., Wang, L., & Qi, H. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111643 · Cited by 9
Laurberg, T., Witte, D. R., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Eliasson, B., & Bjerg, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61563-9 · Cited by 9
“Several studies have showed that, compared with other patients with cancer, those with pre-existing diabetes have higher perioperative and long-term mortality 10–12 .”
ResultKaur, P., Berchuck, A., Chase, A., Grout, B., Deurloo, C. M., Pearce, L., Pike, M. C., Richardson, J. L., Terry, K. L., Webb, P. M., et al. (2024) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2024.101026 · Cited by 9
“The fact that the protective effect of metformin reached statistical significance only within the diabetic cohort may be related to the consistent finding that diabetes is associated with reduced survival after ovarian cancer [25,26].”
BackgroundChen, W., Zhang, T., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67341-x · Cited by 9
Shetti, M. B., Merrick, G. S., Butler, W. M., Galbreath, R. W., Torlone, A., Lief, J. H., Adamovich, E., & Wallner, K. E. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1097/coc.0b013e31822dfd8a · Cited by 9
“Although there is consensus that diabetics with cancer have a greater all-cause mortality than patients without diabetes,(14,15) some studies suggest that diabetics who develop prostate cancer are not at higher risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality,(15,16) whereas others report that prostate cancer patients with…”
Diabetes Management in End of Life
Dionisio, R., Giardini, A., Cata, P. D., Pirali, B., Rossi, S., Negri, E., Ferrari, P., & Preti, P. (2014) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909114533140 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, some epidemiological studies suggest that diabetes may increase mortality in patients with cancer.(5) Of the world population, 8.”
BackgroundMalglycemia and Cancer: Introduction to a Conceptual Model
Hammer, M. J., & Voss, J. G. (2012) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/12.onf.e275-e287 · Cited by 9
“The center of the inner core of the atom model is the genetic component reflecting the underlying molecular DNA structure that is packaged within the nucleus of each cell (Baylin, 2008).”
BackgroundIbrahimi, S. E., Smith, M. L., & Pinheiro, P. S. (2019) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-019-03345-8 · Cited by 9
Impact of type 2 diabetes on hospitalization and mortality in people with malignancy
Kiburg, K., Ward, G., Vogrin, S., Steele, K., Mulrooney, E., Loh, M., McLachlan, S., Sundararajan, V., & MacIsaac, R. J. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14147 · Cited by 9
Frailty and diabetes status in older patients with cancer: impact on mortality in the ANCRAGE cohort
Liuu, É., Saulnier, P., Gand, E., Ragot, S., Valéro, S., Jamet, A., Hadjadj, S., & Paccalin, M. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01362-9 · Cited by 9
Mora, S., & Adegoke, O. A. J. (2021) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14927 · Cited by 9
“Findings related to the effect of chemotherapy on glucose metabolism are potentially critical as pre- existing diabetes in patients receiving chemotherapy treatment can lead to both glycemic issues and an increased risk of death (Barone et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPrognostic factors in elderly patients with T1 glottic cancer treated with radiotherapy
Mucha-Małecka, A., Małecki, K., Amrogowicz, N., Biesaga, B., & Modrzejewski, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96146-5 · Cited by 9
Chen, X., Chen, Y., Li, T., Liang, W., Huang, H., Su, H., Sui, C., Hu, Y., Chen, H., Tian, L., et al. (2021) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000001795 · Cited by 9
“Some even indicated that DM conferred an inferior prognosis for cancer patients.([13,14]) It has been demonstrated that breast cancer patients with DM experienced an increased risk of death compared with the non-DM subgroup.”
BackgroundKaria, P. S., Tehranifar, P., Visvanathan, K., Wright, J. D., & Genkinger, J. M. (2021) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0829 · Cited by 9
Li, X., Liu, R., Chen, Y., Han, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, Y., Zhou, J., & Jiang, S. (2023) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/43687 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, XSL • FO RenderX previous studies have shown that increased cancer incidence [38] and mortality are associated with DM [39].”
Glycemia Control Using A1C Level in Terminal Cancer Patients with Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes
Kondo, S., Kondo, M., & Kondo, A. (2013) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2012.0471 · Cited by 9
Koebnick, C., Smith, N., Huang, K., Martinez, M. P., Clancy, H., Williams, A. E., & Kushi, L. (2012) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/1478-7954-10-15 · Cited by 10
“Obesity [7], diabetes [8-10], and metabolic syndrome [11-13] have all been linked to an increased risk for several cancers, based mostly on cancer incidence in adulthood [9,13-15].”
Fasting Blood Glucose Level in Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: a New Prognostic Factor?
Kıraklı, E. K., Yılmaz, U., Yilmaz, H., & Komurcuoglu, B. E. (2018) · Hormones and Cancer · doi:10.1007/s12672-018-0322-0 · Cited by 9
Impact of diabetes mellitus on the risk and survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Guo, G. F., Fu, M., Wei, S., & Chen, R. (2018) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s152217 · Cited by 9
“8,9 However, in contrast to the findings in most cancer types, DM appeared to have no impact on the prognosis of head and neck correspondence: shuxiang Wei Department of endocrinology, Tongjiang hospital of guangdong, no 1 nanguo road east, shunde District, Foshan, guangdong Province 528000,…”
Improving health engagement and lifestyle management for breast cancer survivors with diabetes
Shelby, R. A., Dorfman, C. S., Arthur, S. S., Bosworth, H. B., Corsino, L., Sutton, L., Owen, L. J., Erkanli, A., Keefe, F. J., Corbett, C. M., et al. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.105998 · Cited by 10
Kusne, Y. N., Kosiorek, H., Buras, M. R., Verona, P. M., Coppola, K., Rone, K., Cook, C. B., & Karlin, N. J. (2021) · Future Science OA · doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0190 · Cited by 9
Role and application of hysterosalpingography and Fallopian tube recanalization.
Mallarini, G., & Saba, L. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Attia, H., Alzoubi, A., Alanazi, N. H. A. B. M., Alshanwani, A. R., El-Orabi, N. F., Alanteet, A. A., Mohamad, R. A., & Ali, R. (2023) · Toxicological Research · doi:10.1007/s43188-023-00198-w · Cited by 8
“Considering the fact that obesity, diabetes, and breast cancer may occur concomitantly [7], and in view of the widespread use of TAM to manage breast cancer, the deleterious effects of TAM on the pancreas, particularly in diabetic patients, have attracted attention.”
BackgroundHong, Y. J., Han, H., Jeong, Y., Jeong, J., Lim, S.-N., Choi, H. J., Jeon, H., Oh, T. K., Lee, S.-J., & Lee, K. H. (2014) · Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.4143/crt.2014.46.3.288 · Cited by 8
“Recent large cohort studies suggest that pre-existing diabetes at the time of cancer diagnosis is associated with increased all-cause mortality and cancer recurrence, especially in patients with colon and breast cancers [6-9,11,12].”
BackgroundRisk of Hospitalization in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Who have Solid-Organ Malignancy
Karlin, N. J., Kosiorek, H., Castro, J. C., & Cook, C. B. (2016) · Future Science OA · doi:10.4155/fsoa-2016-0020 · Cited by 8
Diabetes: an Overview for Clinical Oncologists
Lee, Y.-N., & Chowdhury, T. A. (2020) · Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.clon.2020.03.012 · Cited by 8
Liu, X., Li, D., Gao, W., Zhao, W., Jin, L., Chen, P., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., & Dong, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1202849 · Cited by 9
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Hammer, M. J., Melkus, G. D., Knobf, M. T., Casper, C., Fletcher, J., & Cleland, C. M. (2016) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800415619227 · Cited by 9
“, 2009), and as many as 18% of patients diagnosed with cancer have preexisting diabetes (Barone et al., 2008), as compared to 12.”
BackgroundBlumenthal, M. J., Ujma, S., Katz, A. A., & Schäfer, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02368 · Cited by 9
“For example, a meta-analysis of 23 studies reported increased mortality across all cancer types in diabetes patients (HR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28–1.55) (Barone et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialTemporal Trends of Cardiac Outcomes and Impact on Survival in Patients With Cancer
Hussain, M., Hou, Y., Watson, C. J., Moudgil, R., Shah, C., Abraham, J., Budd, G. T., Tang, W. H. W., Finet, J. E., JAMES, K. B., et al. (2020) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.030 · Cited by 8
Mahin, D., Lavasani, S. M., Cristobal, L., Patel, N. T., Sedrak, M. S., Stewart, D. B., Waisman, J. R., Yuan, Y., Yu, W., Samoa, R. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12051906 · Cited by 7
Chen, Z. J., Sun, Z., Zhang, Z., Lei, C., Ren, Z., Di, Y., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1498927 · Cited by 8
Manifestaciones orales en portadores de diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico
de Santelices, A. M., González, F. G., Mena, O. N., & Sorí, B. S. (2010) · Revista Archivo Médico de Camagüey · Cited by 7
Narasimhulu, C. A., & Singla, D. K. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2021-0596 · Cited by 9
Innovations in Cardio-oncology Resulting from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kondapalli, L., Arora, G., Hawi, R., Andrikopoulou, E., Estes, C., Patel, N., & Lenneman, C. G. (2022) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-022-00997-7 · Cited by 7
Bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of insulin-related traits and risk of ovarian cancer
Wang, X., Sun, J., Li, J., Cai, L., Chen, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, W., Lv, H., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1131767 · Cited by 8
Mellor, R., Girgis, C. M., Rodrigues, A. C., Chen, C., Cuan, S., Gambhir, P., Perera, L., Veness, M., Sundaresan, P., & Gao, B. (2024) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol31020061 · Cited by 7
“Finally, there is clear evidence that patients diagnosed with cancer who have pre-existing diabetes have increased postoperative mortality and poorer survival, compared to those without diabetes across all cancer types [6,7].”
BackgroundManaging people with diabetes during the cancer palliation in the era of simultaneous care
Ferrari, P., Giardini, A., Negri, E. M., Villani, G., & Preti, P. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.12.010 · Cited by 8
Schultz, H. H., Pedersen‐Bjergaard, U., Jensen, A. K., Engelholm, S. A., & Kristensen, P. L. (2018) · Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ctro.2018.04.004 · Cited by 7
“Thus, preexisting diabetes at the time of cancer diagnosis increase all-cause mortality [6] but there is contradicting evidence as to whether hyperglycemia and diabetes, preexisting or induced by glucocorticoids, affect survival in cancer patients negatively [7–11] or not [12,13].”
BackgroundInfluentialMetformin use associated with lower risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Kusturica, J., Kulo, A., Gušić, E., Kapo, S. M., Rakanović-Todić, M., & Šečić, D. (2017) · Medicinski Glasnik · doi:10.17392/910-17 · Cited by 7
“Extensive research has shown that DM2 itself is associated with an increased risk of cancer (26-33), as well as with increased rate of mortality in patients with cancer (34).”
BackgroundUnrestrained eating behavior and risk of mortality: A prospective cohort study
Zhang, Y., Song, M., Yuan, C., Chan, A. T., Schernhammer, E. S., Wolpin, B. M., Stampfer, M. J., Meyerhardt, J. A., Fuchs, C. S., Roberts, S. B., et al. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.014 · Cited by 9
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Lee, K., Hwang, Y. J., & Jung, G. (2022) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.021 · Cited by 7
Enssle, J. C., Wolf, S., Scheich, S., Weber, S., Krämer, M., Ruhnke, L., Schliemann, C., Mikesch, J., Krause, S. W., Sauer, T., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-023-02362-3 · Cited by 7
Hori, S., Imamura, Y., Kanie, Y., Okamura, A., Kanamori, J., & Watanabe, M. (2023) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-023-05869-5 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Barone, B. B.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barone, Bethany B.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-12-17
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2754
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3093051
- OpenAlex
- W1968234252
- Cited by
- 881
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 17.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p60dk079637-02)
- U.S. Public Health Service (T32HP10025-14)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60 DK-079637, K24-DK62222, K24DK062222, P30DK079637, T32DK062707)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025005)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, cancer, all-cause mortality, overall survival, endometrial cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, comorbidities, cancer risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Cause of Death, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Survival Analysis
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