Cited by 996Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient OutcomesMedication Adherence and ComplianceChronic Disease Management Strategies

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Use of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications and Dietary Supplements Among Older Adults in the United States

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Dima Mazen Qato, G. Caleb Alexander, Rena M. Conti, Michael Johnson, L. Philip Schumm, Stacy Tessler Lindau·2008·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2008.892PMC PMC2702513

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Despite concerns about drug safety, current information on older adults' use of prescription and over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements is limited. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and patterns of medication use among older adults (including concurrent use), and potential major drug-drug interactions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand five community-residing individuals, aged 57 through 85 years, were drawn from a cross-sectional, nationally representative probability sample of the United States. In-home interviews, including medication logs, were administered between June 2005 and March 2006. Medication use was defined as prescription, over-the-counter, and dietary supplements used "on a regular schedule, like every day or every week." Concurrent use was defined as the regular use of at least 2 medications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Population estimates of the prevalence of medication use, concurrent use, and potential major drug-drug interactions, stratified by age group and gender. RESULTS: The unweighted survey response rate was 74.8% (weighted response rate, 75.5%). Eighty-one percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.4%-83.5%) used at least 1 prescription medication, 42% (95% CI, 39.7%-44.8%) used at least 1 over-the-counter medication, and 49% (95% CI, 46.2%-52.7%) used a dietary supplement. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI, 26.6%-30.6%) used at least 5 prescription medications concurrently; this was highest among men (37.1%; 95% CI, 31.7%-42.4%) and women (36.0%; 95% CI, 30.2%-41.9%) aged 75 to 85 years. Among prescription medication users, concurrent use of over-the-counter medications was 46% (95% CI, 43.4%-49.1%) and concurrent use of dietary supplements was 52% (95% CI, 48.8%-55.5%). Overall, 4% of individuals were potentially at risk of having a major drug-drug interaction; half of these involved the use of nonprescription medications. These regimens were most prevalent among men in the oldest age group (10%; 95% CI, 6.4%-13.7%) and nearly half involved anticoagulants. No contraindicated concurrent drug use was identified. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of community-dwelling older adults, prescription and nonprescription medications were commonly used together, with nearly 1 in 25 individuals potentially at risk for a major drug-drug interaction.

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Authors: Qato, D. M., Alexander, G. C., Conti, R. M., Johnson, M., Schumm, L. P., & Lindau, S. T.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Dima Mazen Qato
ORCID: Dima Mazen Qato
G. Caleb Alexander
Rena M. Conti
L. Philip Schumm
Stacy Tessler Lindau
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2008-12-24
Volume: 300
Issue: 24
Pages: 2867
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2008.892
PMC: PMC2702513
OpenAlex: W1736805871
Semantic Scholar: 68d9817d38ee67d7a584c4b941e4b4e70842f0b8
Cited by: 995
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 82 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 78
FWCI: 20.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (K08 HS15699-01A1, K08HS015699)
National Institute on Aging (P30AG012857, R21AG049283, R01AG021487, K23AG032870)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
Keywords: medication use, older adults, prescription drugs, over-the-counter drugs, dietary supplements, polypharmacy, concomitant medications, drug-drug interactions, gender differences, age differences, community-dwelling older adults, drug safety
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Interactions, Drug Utilization, Nonprescription Drugs, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Comorbidity, Dietary Supplements, Prescription Drugs

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Use of Prescription and Over-the-counter Medications and Dietary Supplements Among Older Adults in the United States

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