Cited by 570Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient OutcomesChronic Disease Management StrategiesOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Polypharmacy Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older in the United States: 1988–2010

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Charlesworth, Christina J., Smit, Ellen, Lee, David S. H., Alramadhan, Fatimah, Odden, Michelle C.·2015·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Older adults frequently have several chronic health conditions which require multiple medications. We illustrated trends in prescription medication use over 20 years in the United States, and described characteristics of older adults using multiple medications in 2009-2010. METHODS: Participants included 13,869 adults aged 65 years and older in the National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-2010). Prescription medication use was verified by medication containers. Potentially inappropriate medications were defined by the 2003 Beers Criteria. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 2010 the median number of prescription medications used among adults aged 65 and older doubled from 2 to 4, and the proportion taking ≥5 medications tripled from 12.8% (95% confidence interval: 11.1, 14.8) to 39.0% (35.8, 42.3).These increases were driven, in part, by rising use of cardioprotective and antidepressant medications. Use of potentially inappropriate medications decreased from 28.2% (25.5, 31.0) to 15.1% (13.2, 17.3) between 1988 and 2010. Higher medication use was associated with higher prevalence of functional limitation, activities of daily living limitation, and confusion/memory problems in 2009-2010, although these associations did not remain after adjustment for covariates. In multivariable models, older age, number of chronic conditions, and annual health care visits were associated with increased odds of using both 1-4 and ≥5 medications. Additionally, body mass index, higher income-poverty ratio, former smoking, and non-black non-white race were associated with use of ≥5 medications. CONCLUSIONS: Prescription medication use increased dramatically among older adults between 1988 and 2010. Contemporary older adults on multiple medications have worse health status compared with those on less medications, and appear to be a vulnerable population.

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  1. Johnson CL, Paulose-Ram R, Ogden CL. NHANES: Analytic Guidelines, 1999-2010. Vital & Health Statistics. 2013;2:6.

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Authors
Charlesworth, C. J., Smit, E., Lee, D. S. H., Alramadhan, F., & Odden, M. C.
Affiliations
Oregon State University (US)
Corresponding author
Odden, Michelle C.
Venue
The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Published
2015-03-01
Volume
70
Issue
8
Pages
989-995
ISSN
  • 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
  • 1758-535X
OpenAlex
W2137024248
Cited by
570
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 12
FWCI
18.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Heart Association
  • National Institute on Aging (K01AG039387)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
polypharmacy, older adults, prescription drug use, potentially inappropriate medications, Beers criteria, temporal trends, chronic disease, functional limitations, activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, cardioprotective drugs, antidepressants, health care utilization, sociodemographic factors
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Time Factors, United States, Polypharmacy

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