The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 4,201–4,300 of 4,515
Surendraj, G., & Yadav, P. K. (2024) · International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Technology. · doi:10.38124/ijsrmt.v3i12.1018
Corley, J., Pattie, A., Harris, S. E., Deary, I. J., & Cox, S. R. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102889 · Cited by 1
“…longitudinal evidence, using objective (directly measured) physical function, that gardening frequency is associated with slower decline in gait speed, a key marker of functional aging and predictor of adverse outcomes including frailty, hospitalisation, and mortality (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Associations of Epigenetic Age Acceleration with Motor Impairment: Evidence from the PPMI CohortPreprint
Jiang, T., Hui, J., Feng, B.-W., Tan, G., Yuan, G., & Yang, J.-Y. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.16.25342400
Teerikangas, M., Lotvonen, S., Siira, H. J., & Elo, S. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03292-1 · Cited by 4
“An increase of 0.1 m/s in walking speed has been associated with a predicted increase in survival of ten years [53].”
InfluentialWhen Little Things Add Up: Harnessing Emergence Theory to Decode Complexity in Geriatric Care
Izquierdo‐Porrera, A. M., Kheirbek, R., & Sorkin, J. D. (2025) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70239
“For example, slowed gait, decreased mobility, reduced appetite with unintentional weight loss, and changes in mood or affect have all been linked to frailty and predict adverse outcomes such as disability, hospitalization, cognitive decline, depression, delirium, and mortality [12, 13].”
Carniel, T. A., Ferretti, F. K., Masson, F. M., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-28019-0
Brain serotonin circuit reverses decline in physical activity with age
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“32, 84, 85 Importantly, improvements in everyday movement—even without structured exercise—are associated with substantial reductions in mortality risk.”
Kang, D., Jang, H., & Yim, J. (2025) · Physical therapy rehabilitation science · doi:10.14474/ptrs.2025.14.4.655
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Li, H., & Lo, J. T. Y. (2026) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2026.131273
Kim, M.-S., Najarro, L. A. C., & Kim, G.-H. (2025) · The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology · doi:10.14801/jkiit.2025.23.12.9
Harada, Y., & Miyakawa, M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.07.26343642
Multisensory Imbalance and Presbystasis
Kesser, B. W., & Gleason, A. T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11740-3_26
Aktan, C., Aktan, Ç., & Yüksel, H. Y. (2026) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1816104
Choi, S.-J., Kim, Y.-A., & Chun, J.-H. (2025) · 한국여성체육학회지 · doi:10.16915/jkapesgw.2025.12.39.4.287
Form and Function: Stronger Toes and Shorter Heels Associate With Better Gait Performance
Smith, R. E., Gray, A. J., Gomez-Palacios, S., Kashefsky, H. E., Takahashi, K. Z., & Franz, J. R. (2026) · Journal of Applied Biomechanics · doi:10.1123/jab.2025-0142
Wood, E. J., Galna, B., Mavropalias, G., Rajakaruna, M. P. M., & Learmonth, Y. C. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2025.2606104
“…and all those requiring a bilateral walking aid [4] reporting difficulty walking. walking impairment is associated with increased mortality [5,6], fall risk [7], and cognitive impairment [8] as well as a reduced quality of life [9–11]. walking is essential for persons with MS to manage…”
Cui, W., & Li, Q. (2026) · HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal · doi:10.1177/19375867251406533
“…studies have found that slower-walking older patients tend to experience longer hospital stays and exhibit a positive correlation with the risk of developing Alzheimer ’ s disease (Yoon et al., 2022), whereas faster walking speeds are associated with longer life expectancy (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Determination of reference values of figure of 8 walk walk test in healthy adults
Kırmacı, Z. İ. K., Karabulut, D. G., Maden, Ç., Elpeze, G., Kırmacı, Y. Ş., Yildirim, H., & Kalkın, T. G. (2026) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-025-04276-w
“This relationship likely reflects aging-related declines in muscle strength, joint mobility, balance control, and walking speed [ 23].”
Román, P. Á. L., Jiménez, M. M., Linares, J. C. C., MONTILLA, J. A. P., & Pérez, A. D. L. C. (2026) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000493
A Bayesian Network Analysis of Gait Speed Change Upon Transition to Uneven Surfaces in Older AdultsPreprint
Song, Y., Rosano, C., Chahine, L. M., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.22.26344627
Bianchini, E., Garramone, F., Rinaldi, D., Alborghetti, M., Carolis, L. D., Galli, S., Suppa, A., Salvetti, M., Hansen, C., & Vuillerme, N. (2026) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-025-01873-9
“This is also consistent with the recognized predictive value of gait speed for mortality in older adults [60] and in healthy ageing in general [61].”
Functional Stratification Reveals Speed-Independent Gait Impairments Beyond Chronological AgePreprint
Wu, Y., Xiang-rui, W., Manini, T. M., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.01.20.700649
“Prior work indicates that a usual gait speed below 1 m/s identifies individuals at elevated risk of morbidity and mortality (Studenski et al., 2011; Cesari et al., 2005).”
Vila, H., Ferragut, C., Ríos, L. J. C., Serrano-Gómez, V., García-García, Ó., Jerez‐Mayorga, D., Perea, Á. R., & Carral, J. M. C. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14030303 · Cited by 1
“Studies have reported that increases in muscle power contribute to improved force generation speed, associated with greater walking speed, better quality of life, and reduced frailty (or lower risk of hospitalization, falls, and loss of autonomy) [2,6,51].”
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“Furthermore, various factors like muscle strength, mobility, and balance may explain better gait speed in individuals with superior TUG test performance (Studenski et al, 2011), which, combined with our findings, suggests that TUG performance, functional capacity, and gait are strongly interrelated.”
Hwang, J., Liu, C., Winesett, S. P., Fettow, T., Shah, V. A., Chatterjee, S. A., Manini, T. M., Hass, C. J., Seidler, R. D., Ferris, D. P., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2025.1644741
Bartolo, D. D., Baleca, L., Angelis, D. D., Nocentini, U., & Iosa, M. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16031484
Kushioka, J., Sun, R., & Smuck, M. W. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26030982
“…tests indicated a normal average gait speed (1.34 m/s, above the 1.2m/s threshold established from prior research based on older adults [21,22] and adults with knee OA [23]) and a moderate ability in the five-times sit-to-stand test (average: 10.66 s, also on par with reference values for…”
InfluentialLow Gait Speed as a Risk Factor for Long-Term Mortality in the Hospitalized Elderly Patients
Borges, R. C., Correa, D. I., Silva, M. D. S., Gomes, A. D. S., & Borghi, S. M. (2025) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703181.2025.2530988
“1 However, in hospitalized elderly it is still poorly understood.”
Nakano, W., Kato, M., Nakano, S., Kurita, Y., Kito, K., Kushida, O., Ozaki, E., Tanaka, Y., Kuriyama, N., & Tabara, Y. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.102958
Kamble, A. O., & Mhatre, B. (2026) · International Journal of Health Sciences and Research · doi:10.52403/ijhsr.20260210
Gait dysfunction as an early marker of phenoconversion in REM sleep behavior disorder
Hermann, W., Sankutlu, A., Nabers, L., Sehr, T., Trentzsch, K., Donix, M., Reichmann, H., Brandt, M., Storch, A., & Ziemssen, T. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-37925-w · Cited by 2
“However, decreased velocity seems to be a non-specific feature of overall declining health associated with increased morbidity, mortality and dementia indicating brainstem and cholinergic dysfunction 9,49–51 .”
Koike, Y., Saito, Y., Oguma, Y., Kasukawa, T., Nakamura, S., Narimatsu, H., & Osawa, Y. (2026) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2024-0337 · Cited by 1
Amprimo, G., Priano, L., Vismara, L., & Ferraris, C. (2026) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a19020146
“Moreover, gait velocity is a well known indicator of general well-being in older adults [28], as well as one of the main biomarkers of improvement after treatments targeting gait impairment, such as deep brain stimulation [29].”
Qaisar, R., Karim, A., Iqbal, M. S., Ahmad, F., Saeed, K., & Alkahtani, S. A. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19020304 · Cited by 1
“Similarly, gait speed below 0.8 m/s predicts falls and loss of independent mobility, while increases of 0.05–0.10 m/s are considered clinically meaningful [39].”
InfluentialKarapınar, M., Uğurlu, Z., Hatip, F. G., et al. (2026) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2026.2627992
“The 4-meter usual gait speed test is a valid and reliable measure of physical performance and has been shown to be associated with functional decline, adverse health outcomes in adults (Bohannon and Andrews, 2011; CruzJentoft et al., 2019; Studenski et al., 2011).”
Lin, S., Leung, N. Y. T., Choo, S., Zhao, F., Pua, Y. H., & Ng, Y. S. (2026) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igag019
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Kalu, M. E., Onyeso, O. K., & Balogun, J. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86558-9_29
Lanza, M. B., Guerrero, M. B., Gray, V. L., & Simonsick, E. M. (2026) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2026.02.005
Getting the right measure: Gait speed assessment and outcomes in older patients with cancer
Spruijt, E. R. A., Bakas, A. T., Sewnaik, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2026.102908
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Speed of Voluntary Step Execution May Predict Survival among Older Adults: An Explorative Study
Melzer, I., Gans-Or, O., Benaim, A. R., Treger, I., & Oddsson, L. (2026) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000551264
“Measuring walking speed in older adults can be highly meaningful, as it may indicate better physical health and overall functional independence [6].”
InfluentialYakabe, M., Yasunaga, Y., Zenita, Y., Matsumoto, S., Hosoi, T., & Ogawa, S. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.104505 · Cited by 1
Shimada, H., Lee, S., Doi, T., Takayanagi, N., Sudo, M., Yamashiro, Y., Niki, Y., & Arai, H. (2026) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000550778
“The WS measure is predictive of a range of outcomes, including falls [7], frailty [8], mobility disability [9], cognitive decline [10], functional dependence [11], institutionalization [12], hospitalization [13], cardiovascular-related events [14], and all-cause mortality [15].”
Cai, L., Guo, J., Zhang, R., Gu, J., Zhao, L., Wu, J., Yu, Y., & Chen, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1778052 · Cited by 1
Time to Bring Gait Testing to the Clinic Hallway
Tang, J. E., & Hernandez, N. M. (2026) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.01103
Polat, K., Uzunlar, H., Uçurum, S. G., & Kaya, D. Ö. (2026) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703181.2026.2632955
Development of a Multivariable Equation for Predicting Healthy Step Length
Han, H., Kim, H., Ryu, Y., et al. (2026) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2026.2634091
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., & Hajek, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-44336-4
Woitzik, K., Gashi, A., Zieschang, T., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0344711
The ageing musician: Evidence of a downwards trend in song tempo as a function of artist age
Luck, G., & Ansani, A. (2026) · Musicae Scientiae · doi:10.1177/10298649261419738
“Average gait speed, for instance, decreases by approximately 0.1 m/s per decade after age 60 (Bohannon, 1997; Studenski et al., 2011), while handwriting tends to become slower and more variable with age (Ketcham et al., 2002).”
InfluentialLiang, D., Chen, S., & Wang, D. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115370
Bjornsen, E. S., Gray, A. J., Horton, W. Z., et al. (2026) · Footwear Science · doi:10.1080/19424280.2026.2638459
Engin, İ., & Tuna, M. M. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62030553 · Cited by 1
“Similarly, gait speed represents an established functional measure that predicts morbidity and mortality in older adults [10].”
Tominaga, H., Uezono, S., Kawamura, I., Yamashita, Y., & Taniguchi, N. (2026) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-026-01686-w
“Walking speed is a simple and easily obtainable indicator of health in older people [6–9] and tends to improve the predictive ability of the FRAX [10] score.”
Henriques, A. R., ANDRADE, C. A. D. C., Serra, S. S., Geraldes, C., Mateus, E. F., Conde, M., Mendonça, N., Cock, D. D., & Rodrigues, A. M. (2026) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd016341
Roberts, O. L., González, P. C., Kaliya-Perumal, A.-K., et al. (2026) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-026-07042-4
FR3-DUALIS: A Full-Duplex Dual-Band ISAC Prototype for Upper-FR3 with 360-MHz-Per-Channel OFDMPreprint
Yan, B., & Miao, Y. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8347652/v1
Bijalwan, V., Mishra, S. K., Khan, A. M., et al. (2026) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-026-21486-1
Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Borda, M. G., Calderón-González, J. C., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.1016/j.tjfa.2026.100141
“Functionality was assessed through gait speed and HGS. Gait speed was measured over 3 m at a normal pace; the best of two trials was recorded, with < 0.8 m/s considered low [11].”
InfluentialCeballos-Sánchez, J. L., Ramos-Munell, J., Reguera-Rodríguez, M., del Pozo-Cruz, J., Cruz, B. D. P., & Álvarez‐Barbosa, F. (2026) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2026.102104
Rafiei, M., Probul, N., Baumbach, J., & Baumbach, L. (2026) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2026.100781
“A clinically meaningful change in chair-stand performance is approximately 2.6 – 3 s [19], and for walking speed, 0.10 m/s is considered clinically meaningful [20].”
InfluentialKim, D.-R., Shin, M., Lee, E.-L., Lai, T., Yeong-Ae, Y., & Park, J.-H. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07282-4 · Cited by 1
Effects of exercise training on frail older adults with heart failure: a systematic-review
Sáez-Nieto, C., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Matovelle, P., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., Coelho-Júnior, H. J., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1800669
“…are independent risk factors for a wide range of adverse outcomes in the older population, such as falls, fractures, institutionalization, disability, dementia, hospitalization, and death (Studenski et al., 2011; Hirani et al., 2015; Kojima, 2016; 2017b, 2017a; 2018b, 2018a; Beeri et al., 2021).”
Han, Y., Geng, L., Wang, M., Wang, Y., & Wang, H. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07403-z · Cited by 1
“A larger pooled analysis including 34,485 community-dwelling older adults with 6–21 years of follow-up demonstrated that each 0.1 m/s increase in gait speed reduced mortality risk by 12% [37].”
InfluentialIntroduction: Sufferings in the era of 100-year lifespans
Moriyama, T. (2024) · The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers · doi:10.3169/itej.78.184
Approche épidémiologique de la fragilité
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The role of postural adjustments in motor coordination
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“Studenski and colleagues then reviewed the findings of nine longitudinal studies of elderly people living in the community, and showed that in each study, the elderly who walk slower eventually die sooner (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundExercise and aging: Unlocking health beyond 65 years old
Puche, J. E. (2026) · Aging advances. · doi:10.4103/agingadv.agingadv-d-25-00036
Cano-Gutierrez, C. A., Rolón, C. A. O., Chavarro‐Carvajal, D. A., de Santacruz, C., Giraldo-Villate, C. I., & Rey-Melendez, D. D. P. (2026) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.53886/gga.e0000386_es
Cano-Gutierrez, C. A., Rolón, C. A. O., Chavarro‐Carvajal, D. A., de Santacruz, C., Giraldo-Villate, C. I., & Rey-Melendez, D. D. P. (2026) · Geriatrics Gerontology and Aging · doi:10.53886/gga.e0000386_en · Cited by 1
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Prehabilitation in Cardiovascular Surgery: Concepts, Evidence, and Future Direction
Sidik, A. I., Al-Ariki, M. K., Saghir, H., Rahimi, N. A., Sleiman, M. K., Tur, M., Djumanov, A. K., Ogurchikova, A. V., Karpenko, I. G., Dontsov, V. V., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.106795
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Nurses as guardians of time: the hidden clinical value of continuous care in geriatrics
Yang, Y., Wang, H., Li, E., Zheng, Y., Chen, Y., & Wu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1799845
“For example, a pooled analysis of nine cohort studies including more than 34,000 adults aged ≥ 65 years showed that gait speed was strongly associated with survival, with faster gait speeds predicting substantially longer life expectancy (47).”
Schoon, Y., & Hensens, C. J. M. (2026) · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-3158-1_12
Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Huo, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhou, C., Shi, H., Shen, J., Yuan, C., & Zeng, P. (2026) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2026.100845
“Gait performance serves as a well-established marker of overall health status in older adults, with its decline signaling increased risks of falls, functional disability, and mortality [1 – 3].”
Ryan, A. S., Marconi, V. C., Briggs, B. C., Lozano, A. J., Oursler, K. K., FITVET Project Team, Alvarez, A., Brent, C., Clark-Stuart, T., Coulter, M. M., et al. (2026) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofag145
Redox rhythms promote fitness by modulating ageing-dependent reprogramming
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“In addition, grip strength and motor performance were evaluated as indicators of overall physical function and daily locomotion, both of which are pivotal in gauging the quality of life in older adults 34 .”
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“…questionnaires, gait evaluation is a commonly used tool for the objective evaluation of functional capacity and has been used within the literature to objectively define morbidity and even mortality; however, it has not been extensively evaluated or used in the context of foot amputation [5,12–17].”
Krok‐Schoen, J. L., Chase, C., Nikahd, M., Spees, C., Rosko, A. E., Hyer, J. M., Naughton, M. J., Nickerson, B., Benzo, R. M., Smith, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2026.102982
The Roles of Vitamin A and Provitamin A in Skeletal Muscle Health
Kitakaze, T., & Yamaji, R. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7068-3_27
Loss of muscle function as the main indicator of age-related alterations in muscle tissue
Urunova, G. R., Demenok, D. V., Шарашкина, Н. В., Naumov, A. V., & Khovasova, N. O. (2026) · Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.37586/2686-8636-2-2026-157-163
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
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