The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 4,401–4,500 of 4,515
Michély, S., Mittag, U., Mulder, E. R., Sies, W., Voigtmann, T., Zange, J., Aretz, B., Rittweger, J., & Pesta, D. H. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00121.2026
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Metformin to Reduce Frailty in Older Adults with Glucose IntolerancePreprint
Musi, N., Wang, C.-P., MacCarthy, D., Feng, Z., Holmes, J. T., Masayoshi, S., Pirtskhalava, T., Aslamy, A., Wanagat, J., Brooke, R., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.07.27.26359055
Fernández-Lorenzo, S., Marín‐Pagán, C., Ruiz, L. P., Gambini, J., Lupu, R. I., Martínez-Noguera, F. J., & Escobar, J. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14081705
“In people with geriatric motor dysfunctions (GMDs), physical abilities are usually assessed using specific tests, such as the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS), measurement of walking speed, or handgrip strength [28].”
Davis, D. J., Long, C. L., Franz, J. R., & Takahashi, K. Z. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21563 · Cited by 2
“This greater metabolic demand is thought to contribute to older adults’ greater fatigue, reduced physical activity, and diminished walking speed; together associated with all-cause mortality ( Egerton et al., 2016 ; Schrack et al., 2016 ; Studenski et al., 2011 ).”
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Multidimensional and Multidisciplinary Management of Heart Failure Patients with Frailty
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Enhancing functional longevity: sports medicine facing the challenges of an aging society
Pigozzi, F., di Palumbo, A. S., FAGNANI, F., et al. (2026) · Translational Exercise Biomedicine · doi:10.1515/teb-2025-0040
“Grip strength and gait speed, simple measures of functional capacity, have also been shown to predict survival more accurately than many laboratory biomarkers [8].”
Iserson, K. V. (2026) · Trauma and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.46439/trauma.3.010
SPPB or chair stand test: Which is associated with mortality risk in high-functioning older adults?
Máximo, R. D. O., Luiz, M. M., Steptoe, A., de Oliveira, C. M., & Alexandre, T. D. S. (2026) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109080
Shin, H. I., Lee, H. S., Yun, N. Y., Lim, K., Yang, J., Lee, G., & Kim, D. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2026.3719626
“It is well known that faster gait speed consistently predicts longer survival and better health outcomes [8].”
Eckert, T., Gordt, K., Haas, A.-S., Böttinger, M. J., Schubert, A.-L., Snijder-Steinhilber, M., Wahl, H.-W., Bauer, J. M., Klenk, J., Sanabria, J. L. A., et al. (2026) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-026-00431-z · Cited by 1
“Nevertheless, P90 walking speed values indicated preserved locomotor capacity relative to established clinical thresholds discriminating between individuals with and without mobility impairments [9, 47].”
Megaritis, D., Alcock, L., Scott, K., Hiden, H., Vogiatzis, I., & Din, S. D. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26154946
“Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) have emerged as promising tools for the objective assessment of real-world mobility, with accumulating evidence linking real-world mobility performance to broader health status, and disease severity [1–4].”
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Intervention bei gesundheitsspezifischen Aspekten
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Temporalis muscle biomarkers from routine brain MRI and risk of dementia in two independent cohorts
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Distribution-sensitive predictors of gait speed in adults aged 45–85 years in the CLSA
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“This is consistent with previous evidence showing that gait speed is strongly associated with functional independence, mobility confidence, and environmental engagement among older adults [19,44].”
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults
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“Given that gait speed is a well-established indicator of functional status and future health outcomes in older adults, 43 the greater improvement observed in the experimental group may be clinically relevant for preserving mobility in this population.”
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“Slower gait speed and ADL and IADL difficulties predict a shorter lifespan [61,62], and reflect accelerated biological ageing, as well as cognitive decline [4,63].”
Jagasia, K., Pfeiffer, A. M., & Vitale, K. (2026) · Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle · doi:10.1016/j.jarlif.2026.100083 · Cited by 1
“Existing longitudinal studies show that functional outcomes such as grip strength and gait speed are clinically meaningful predictors of healthy aging and survival, suggesting the value of their incorporation into future longitudinal studies of GLP-1-RAs to assess performance trajectories [30,31].”
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Gait Assessment for Musculoskeletal Disorders
Horiuchi, H., & Ikegami, S. (2026) · リハビリテーション医学 : 日本リハビリテーション医学会誌 · doi:10.2490/jjrmc.63.566
Orthogeriatric Fracture Syndrome: Time Is Mobility!
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“Gait speed has emerged as a simple marker of biological reserve and functional vulnerability associated with mortality and disability [33].”
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Chen, J., Chen, J., Mao, K., Chen, Z., & Lin, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1896850
“Gait speed is a well-established indicator of mobility and physical function (27, 28).”
Leal‐Martín, J., Grande, G., Gregorio, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70365
“A 0.8 m·s − 1 cutoff was used as GS below this value has shown to predict survival below the median in community-dwelling older adults [3], and is frequently used as a proxy of mobility limitations [22].”
InfluentialMacía-Heras, M., Hernández-Marrero, D. J., Martínez‐Alberto, C. E., Siverio-Morales, O., & Donate‐Correa, J. (2026) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-026-05304-2
Mimenza-Alvarado, A. J., Aguilar-Navarro, S. G., Hernandez, M. E., & López-Teros, M. T. (2026) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.1016/j.ric.2026.100054
Exercise is Medicine® for Practitioners
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Exercise promotion as a strategy for preventing sarcopenia and reducing elderly abuse in Nigeria
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Dhaked, G. K., Sharma, P. N., Sharma, K. K., Maharshi, S., Agrawal, S., Pokharna, R. K., Nijhawan, S., & Sharma, S. S. (2026) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.70938
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Cai, T., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1922715
Benito‐León, J., Benito-Rodríguez, C. M., Escolà‐Gascón, Á., & Bermejo‐Pareja, F. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14050524
“Objective gait speed and its change over time predict mortality across diverse cohorts [1–11], while self-rated pace, walking ability, and walking difficulty retain prognostic information without formal performance testing [12–23].”
A two-test battery to screen for frailty, sarcopenia, and fall risk using validated diagnostic tools
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HeadLite: Compact Multimodal Sensor Fusion for Stride Length Estimation From Smart Insoles
Kim, Y., Choi, C., Yoo, K., Kim, S., & Choi, S. (2026) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2026.3724195
“H UMAN gait reflects mobility, balance, and functional health, and quantitative gait analysis has therefore been widely studied for clinical screening [1], [2], fall-risk assessment [3], and rehabilitation monitoring [4].”
Prapiadou, S., Kimball, T. N., Tan, B. Y. Q., Tack, R. W. P., Choksi, D., Duperron, M., Senff, J. R., Reinders, E. M., Feng, T. L., Singh, S. D., et al. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag213
Hoyas, E. H., Curiel-Regueros, A., Molina, R. G., et al. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14172754
“Owing to its ease of administration and minimal equipment requirements, it is highly feasible for use in both clinical practice and research settings [8,10].”
InfluentialThe Preservation of Functional Reserve: A Control Systems Framework for Human Aging
O'Leary, R. T. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16091457 · Cited by 1
Song, Z., Douglas, S., Niazi, I. K., Zhang, Y., Benatar, J. R., & Marshall, P. W. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15176657
“TUG and gait speed are treated primarily as mobility measures, the SPPB as a composite measure of physical performance that includes a standing-balance component, and the 6MWT as a submaximal measure of exercise capacity [27,44,67,68].”
InfluentialLiu, S.-Q., Wang, B., Wei, H., Du, H., Yang, J., Zeng, Q., Fu, A.-Q., Li, Z.-N., Qin, L.-Q., & Hidayat, K. (2026) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-026-01592-w
Walker, V. L., Kerr, S. W., Hinton, L. R., et al. (2026) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2026.110622
Stevens, E., Huang, Y., Rush, L. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2026.104119
Nakamura, K., Nagasawa, Y., & Shimizu, M. (2026) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.38.379
HIRASHIMA, K., Uguisu, H., SHIBUYA, M., & Wakamatsu, M. (2026) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.38.394
“In particular, usual gait speed is a simple physical performance measure that has been shown to predict subsequent functional limitations and major health-related outcomes 4) and mortality in older adults 5) .”
Ibrahim, F. M. (2026) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep16090326
“Two trials were recorded, and the faster performance was retained [2,11].”
Gait Medicine: an interdisciplinary field centered on walking as a vital sign
Hisamichi, K., Nagasaki, K., Tomita, M., Takeda, N., Tanaka, N., Mukai, S., & Kikuchi, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1895889
Tang, X., Zhang, J., & Yu, B. (2026) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101174
VUITTENEZ, A., & Michel, É. (2026) · Revue du Podologue · doi:10.1016/j.revpod.2026.07.006
Chiu, A., Chiu, C.-F., & Hsieh, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1941122
“The present findings are consistent with the existing literature, demonstrating that slower gait speed is associated with an increased risk of disability, frailty, hospitalization, and mortality among older adults (30).”
Yoon, T.-H., & Jee, Y. (2026) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.21714
“This interpretation is supported by previous longitudinal studies demonstrating that measures of lower-extremity performance are stronger predictors of disability, institutionalization, and mortality than muscle mass alone ( Dent et al., 2018 ; Studenski et al., 2011 ).”
Atmış, V., Soysal, Z. E., YALÇIN, A., Yesin, H., Güngör, A., Gümüşçubuk, O., & Gözükara, M. G. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10615937/v1
Gait and Hearing Performance in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults: A Sex‐Stratifyed Analysis
Mollame, F., Maniaci, A., Pegreffi, F., Salfi, M., Caruso, A., Gagliano, C., Lavalle, S., Serretti, A., Luca, A., & the DataCog Study Group (2026) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.70900
Matsuoka, A., & Yennurajalingam, S. (2026) · Measurement and Evaluations in Cancer Care · doi:10.1016/j.ymecc.2026.100042
Wen, Z., Xia, H., Peng, Y., Xu, Z., Xu, Y., & Guo, Q. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10721850/v1
Hunzinger, K. J., Skow, L., Schneider, A. L. C., Griswold, M., Zhu, X., Ali, F., Lutsey, P. L., Schrack, J. A., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1901340
“…classification of single task gait speed by gait mat and stopwatch using clinically relevant cutoffs of 80 cm/s and 100 cm/s (green: same clinical category by gait mat and stopwatch, red: stopwatch slower than gait mat, orange: stopwatch faster than gait mat) (Cesari et al., 2005; Studenski, 2011).”
Deep learning in gait abnormality detection: Principles and illustrations
Arshad, M., Giri, T. N., Hesam, T., et al. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44915-4.00010-1
Martire, L. M., & Franks, M. M. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27490-9.00021-x
Bosquet, L., Duclos, M., Ennequin, G., Heyman, E., Marias, M., Mourot, L., Sosner, P., Ayad, O., Bigot‐Corbel, E., Borot, S., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1892496
“The average velocity in this test is a valid and reliable marker of mobility and is strongly associated with functional independence (37).”
Lu, H., Yu, C.-H., & Lu, T. (2026) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00258.2025
Yang, S., Kang, L., Yang, Y., Du, J., Wang, Z., Ding, S., He, X., & Cen, S. (2026) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-026-05305-6
Iida, T., Tsumiyama, W., Murao, N., et al. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14183009
“Since women generally have less upper-limb muscle mass and lower absolute handgrip strength than men, HGS may be less sensitive in reflecting the risk of care-needs certification among women who maintain a certain level of activity [45,46].”
Mahato, S., Raman, R. K., & Panda, D. K. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.116247
Lui, E. H. Y., & Mobbs, R. J. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-14131-2
“Mobility is an informative marker of neurological function, physiological reserve, and functional independence across the lifespan [1, 2].”
Kobayashi, R., Mori, S., Yoshikoshi, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1093/joneph/aajag036
Guo, S. (2026) · Journal of Multimorbidity and Comorbidity · doi:10.1177/26335565261490115
“29,30 These results suggest that functional health should be considered when assessing chronic disease burden.”
García, M. M. C., Cartagena, C. L. O., Pastrana, J. I. L., et al. (2026) · Atlas Research Journal · doi:10.65305/arj.v4n1.2026.83
Cadence and age interact to determine long‑range correlations in human walking
Wiles, T. M., Kim, S. K., Brink, K., Stergiou, N., & Likens, A. D. (2026) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110640
Sharma, D., Khan, I. A., & Shamsi, J. (2026) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2026.104152
Pagali, S. R., Liu, X., Jia, H., Fischer, K., Garg, M., Jeon, E., Crowson, C. S., Sauver, J. L. S., & Sohn, S. (2026) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70732
Efficacy of Virtual Reality–Based Balance Training in Reducing Fall Risk Among Older Adults
Iqbal, A., & Zateen, S. (2024) · Journal of Precision Medicine and Health Research · doi:10.68279/b8s1zc39
Pereira, F. A., Afonso, G., Amaro, A. R. P., Ramalhinho, M., Alegria, N., Serra, L., Ventura, J., & Miguel, S. (2026) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703181.2026.2736852
Gait Speed and Survival in Those With Exceptional Longevity: The LifeAfter90 Study
Alam, R., Colbeth, H., Posis, A. I. B., George, K. M., Colcord, K. A., Meunier, C. C., Gilsanz, P., Corrada, M. M., & Whitmer, R. A. (2026) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70716
Ünlü, B., Demir, H., Davarcı, S. E., Çulha, Y., & Baykara, M. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62091815
“Walking speed, generally measured as the time it takes for an individual to walk a short distance (usually 3, 4, or 6 m) at their usual pace, is a simple and quick functional assessment tool [10,11].”
InfluentialWurm, L. M. (2026) · Research Connections · doi:10.1093/rescon/vmag169
Moreno-Reyes, P., Pastén-Hidalgo, W., Cuevas, S. V., et al. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261490993
Buskirk, J. K. (2026) · International Journal of Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijcs2040020
Movement matters: the path to professional impact
Powers, C. M. (2026) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzag086
Association between balance ability and memory function in community-dwelling older adults
Ohki, M., Minehisa, K., Sakai, K., Takei, M., Imaoka, M., Takeda, M., & Nakamura, M. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000050786
“[25,26] As in a previous study, [27] a walking path was set up with a measurement section of 2.4 m and an aiding section of 1 m before and after.”
InfluentialGarcía-Carrillo, E., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Montalva-Valenzuela, F., Castillo-Paredes, A., Villaseca‐Vicuña, R., Concha‐Cisternas, Y., Vargas, J. J. N., Molina-Márquez, I., Aroca, J. G., & Sepulveda, R. A. Y. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15197454
Bindawas, S. M., & Vennu, V. S. (2026) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2026.07.033
백지혜, Kim, J., Park, H., & Kim, L.-H. (2026) · Journal of Urban Mobility · doi:10.1016/j.urbmob.2026.100292
Bi, Y., Ni, H., Hou, Z., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1924261
Ogawa, M., Sugimoto, T., Sakurai, T., & Arai, H. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105138
An Exceptional Mobility Group Among Older Adults: Protocol for the Super Movers Study
Shafeeque, C. M., Cotton, K., Sathyan, S., Ayers, E. I., Nunez, V., Marušič, U., Weiss, E. F., Ross, D., Yang, J., Blumen, H. M., et al. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/104520
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Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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