The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 4,301–4,400 of 4,515
Park, S.-R., Lee, J., Kwon, S., Kim, N., Kim, D. W., Yoon, D., Kim, K. M., & Lee, B. I. (2026) · Neurospine · doi:10.14245/ns.26520018.0009 · Cited by 1
“19,20 In the present study, the co-hort-derived threshold used to define the top 20% activity ratio corresponded to approximately 0.98 m/sec.”
InfluentialMaster, H., Petersen, M. A., Bynum, L. G., Donnelly, R. J., & Batsis, J. A. (2026) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-026-00462-5
Hou, M., Luo, J., & Yang, L. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9294197/v1
Bischof, E., Wilczok, D., & Kirkland, J. L. (2026) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20006-8_2
Physical Function Decline Among Adults With Moderate-to-Severe CKD
Schrauben, S. J., Brown, R., Shlipak, M. G., Tangri, N., Zhang, X., Nair, D., Leonard, M. B., Bauer, S., Lash, J. P., Balantrapu, S., et al. (2026) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106584
Dupuy, E. G., Blanchette, C., Besnier, F., Gagnon, C., Vincent, T. L., Vrinceanu, T., Breton, J., Saillant, K., Iglesies‐Grau, J., Belleville, S., et al. (2026) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-026-00415-z
Ananyev, J., Burgan, B. M., Rauscher, N. A., & Myers, T. M. (2026) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.70160
“…have used various measures of mobility to assess the progression of sarcopenia as well as to predict its associated risks in both monkeys (Shively et al. 2012; Thompson et al. 2020; Huber et al. 2021, 2015) and humans (Cesari et al. 2005; Studenski 2011; Nordin et al. 2008; Viccaro et al. 2011).”
The movement imperative: reimagining healthcare through the lens of human movement
Mangalam, M., & Fabianiak, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1667847
“Gait speed, often called the “sixth vital sign,” shows strong and consistent correlations with survival rates, hospitalization risk, functional independence, and quality of life— often outperforming conventional clinical diagnostics (79–81).”
InfluentialCeolin, C., Noale, M., Ravelli, A., Pigozzo, S., Perencin, A., Papa, M. V., Coin, A., Devita, M., Sergi, G., & RUI, M. D. (2026) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2026.113160
Sabharwal, N. (2026) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2026.100634
Intrinsic capacity and survival among older adults in India: LASI-DAD study (wave 1 and wave 2)
Rao, A. R., Bhagwasia, M., Rao, A., Waris, M., Kiruthika, S., George, S. M., Vedula, M., Biswal, S., Mallick, R., Ranganatha, T. S., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia · doi:10.1016/j.lansea.2026.100775
“28,29 In the Rotterdam Study, detailed quantitative gait analysis demonstrated that multiple gait domains, particularly pace (reflecting gait speed), rhythm, and stance phases, were independently associated with higher all-cause and cause-specific mortality.”
Tanaka, T., Tanaka, S., Yokoyama, S., Sawada, K., Ando, K., Tsushima, T., Murashita, K., Nakaji, S., & Mikami, T. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01759-w
“For every 0.1 m/s decrease in gait speed, the risk of mortality increases [36].”
InfluentialFreniche, A. C., Hu, W., Chen, M., Wang, D., Breuillé, D., & Chen, Y.-M. (2026) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/77187
“Gait speed 1 m/s is a common threshold of slow walking speed among well-functioning older adults, and is often treated as a functional benchmark in middle-aged and older adults [28-31].”
Walking limitation trajectories: a healthy longevity marker
Michel, J., & Kang, S. L. (2026) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/j.lanhl.2026.100847
Narkbunnam, R., Chareancholvanich, K., Achawakulthep, C., Awirotananon, K., & Pornrattanamaneewong, C. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07657-7
“A gait speed of 0.8 m/s indicates increased risk of adverse outcomes [18].”
InfluentialAbdullayev, V., & Jha, S. (2023) · Qubahan Journal of Coaching and Sports Sciences · doi:10.48161/qcsj.v1n2a14
“Classic work in older populations has shown that reduced lower-extremity performance and weak muscle function are strongly associated with disability, loss of mobility, and adverse health outcomes [5], [6].”
Hu, N., Qi, M., Su, N., et al. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71498
“Gait disturbances significantly impair quality of life and are associated with an elevated risk of falls, mortality (Veronese et al. 2018 ; Studenski et al. 2011 ; Rodríguez-Molinero et al. 2019 ) and dementia (Taniguchi et al. 2017 ; Beauchet et al. 2016 ; Verghese et al. 2002 ).”
Examining the relevance of gait speed resiliencies to different stressors: the ARIC Study
Windham, B. G., Sylvester, H. C., Henegan, J. A., Mcmullan, M., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Palta, P., Schrack, J. A., Mosley, T. H., Bandeen‐Roche, K., & Griswold, M. E. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag129
Chang, G., Malhotra, R., & Seligman, B. J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0347918
“With physical performance tests measuring the physiological and anatomical components to complete ADLs, they are reliable predictors for incident ADL limitations [12,15].”
Kastler, F., Himmelmann, L., Speckmann, E.-M., Hackbarth, M., Schmidt, N. M., Zieschang, T., & Stuckenschneider, T. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07670-w
“Because a single composite factor was used to represent gait, individual gait parameters such as gait speed – which have been widely studied and for which clinically relevant cut-offs exist [47, 48] – were not analysed separately.”
Carrasco, V. B., Caparrós-Manosalva, C., Valenzuela, M. D., et al. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2026.2672716
Wu, Y., Norton, A., Zielinski, M. R., Parker, T., Allgood, H. C., & Ferrari, C. (2026) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208261453351
“In the general population, walking speed is gaining attention as a vital indicator of overall functional status (Goh et al., 2017; Studenski et al., 2011).”
Benotti, P. N., Wood, G. C., Irving, B. A., Ricciardi, B. F., Schwarzkopf, R. M., Parikh, M., Browne, J. A., Seiler, J. L., Samuels, J., & Still, C. D. (2026) · The Journal of Arthroplasty · doi:10.1016/j.arth.2026.05.033
Sánchez‐Conde, M., Montégut, L., Martín‐Pedraza, L., Martins, I., Luna, L., Martínez, M., Ryan, P., López-Otı́n, C., Kroemer, G., & Brañas, F. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag136
Neal, S. J., Magden, E. R., Chitta, S., Bisbal, J., & Simmons, J. H. (2026) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.70168
“• These findings highlight baboons as translational models for metabolic dysfunction, aging, and neurodegeneration. mortality (Cesari et al. 2005; Fonseca Alves et al. 2017; Hardy et al. 2007; Studenski 2011).”
A Bayesian network analysis of gait speed change upon transition to uneven surfaces in older adults
Song, Y., Rosano, C., Chahine, L., Rosso, A. L., Ambrosio, F., Bohnen, N. I., Chen, Z., & Kim, S. (2026) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glag137
Topkan, E., Somay, E., Öztürk, D., & Selek, U. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16111611 · Cited by 1
“Accordingly, impairments in muscle strength and physical performance—rather than reductions in muscle mass alone—represent the most clinically meaningful abnormalities and the strongest determinants of adverse outcomes [2,11,19,31].”
InfluentialExploring the role of parathyroid hormone in sarcopenia: A review
Selva, A. C. V., Suriyaarachchi, P., & Duque, G. (2026) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000963
Lim, J., Cha, K., & Kim, H. J. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07737-8
“Furthermore, walking ability was not measured under controlled conditions with respect to gait posture, surface characteristics, slope, or the degree of assistance from caregivers or devices [11, 20, 21].”
Lee, S.-H., & Song, C. H. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26113415
Rubin, D. S., Glynn, N. W., Strączkiewicz, M., Danilovich, M., Sciamanna, C., & Brach, J. S. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0337414
“Usual pace gait speed reflects overall mobility and is a strong predictor of health outcomes, while the 6MWT measures walking endurance and functional capacity [2,3].”
Lai, C.-L., & Chen, T.-L. (2026) · International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.ijcrp.2026.200658
“Gait speed and grip strength are non-invasive, zero-cost assessments linked to cerebral small vessel disease [4] and overall physiological reserve [5].”
Movement span: Extending the discourse on aging beyond life span and health span
Li, L. (2026) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101150
“10,11 Beyond gait speed, movement span assessment should encompass balance under varying sensory conditions, reaction time to unexpected stimuli, and the capacity to coordinate movement through transitions, starting, stopping, turning, and changing direction.”
Gait Analysis After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Maeda, T., Ikegami, H., Yoshizawa, S., et al. (2026) · JBJS Open Access · doi:10.2106/jbjs.oa.26.00015
Hsieh, J. Y.-C., Longstreth, W. T., Diehr, P. H., Sitlani, C. M., Odden, M. C., Mukamal, K. J., Djoussé, L., & Heckbert, S. R. (2026) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2026.106320
Han, M., Song, P., Jang, E., Han, H., & Lee, K. (2026) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2026.106319
Bruning, F., Boekesteijn, R. J., Defoort, K. C., Susan, S., van den Ende, C. H. M., & Smulders, K. (2026) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2026.100835 · Cited by 2
“…because this value corresponds to the lower boundary of the most robust reported values for clinically important change in gait speed established in other populations (0.10 – 0.17 m/s) [23] and has been associated with important health outcomes and physical functioning in older adults [24,25].”
InfluentialPhysical activity in older patients: Push your performance capacity to prevent and limit frailty!
Desgorces, F.-D., Gouelle, A., Moss, S., & Noirez, P. (2026) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2026.106962 · Cited by 2
Functional stratification reveals speed-independent gait impairments beyond chronological age
Wu, Y., Xiang-rui, W., Manini, T. M., & Hu, B. (2026) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2026.106891
Rodrigues, S. N., Guterres, B. V., Carvalho, M. T. X., Delevatti, R. S., & Alberton, C. L. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23060773
“Furthermore, physical performance measures, such as usual gait speed, are associated with clinically relevant outcomes, including increased survival in older adults [43].”
So, J., Park, S., Cho, Y., et al. (2026) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2026.106892
Prediction of cognitive outcome and progression to dementia using ω6‐PUFA/ω3‐PUFA ratio
Andrade, V., Kleineidam, L., Wagner-Thelen, H., Ballarini, T., Campos-Martín, R., Adami, P. V. M., Tripathi, K. P., Guyonnet, S., Vellas, B. J., Scherer, M., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71590
Yılmaz, M., Barçin, M., Tuna, S., et al. (2026) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-026-03935-8
“According to EWGSOP2, gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s indicated low physical performance; the fastest value from the three trials was used for analyses [7, 19].”
InfluentialFayolle, E., Baudot, A., Chanelière-Sauvant, A.-F., Favier, E., Rambaud, F., Torche, F., Célarier, T., & Hupin, D. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07821-z
“Walking performance is therefore considered an integrative marker of frailty, reflecting the cumulative impact of multisystem dysfunction, and a strong predictor of adverse outcomes in older adults [13, 15, 16].”
Garg, R. (2026) · Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) · doi:10.25259/anams_266_2025
Functional, molecular, and digital measurements of biological age
Cheema, B. S., Boztepe, B., Awofolaju, M., Hubbard, M. S., Marcus, W. B., Palella, F. J., Abdel‐Mohsen, M., Liebovitz, D., Gill, M. K., Cotton, R. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci205777 · Cited by 1
“In a pooled analysis across nine cohort studies (1986–2000) including more than 34,000 adults aged 65 and over, each 0.1 m/s higher gait speed was associated with a 10%–12% lower mortality risk (42).”
InfluentialNishijima, T. F., Shimokawa, M., Okahara, K., Izaki, N., Saito, M., Honda, T., Arimizu, K., Shinozaki, K., Esaki, T., & Morita, M. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103402
Wang, T., Lee, C.-H., Hong, W.-W., Lin, C.-W., Liang, C., Wu, C. L., & Hung, W. (2026) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2026.06.025
Mora, M. Á. C., Mazoteras-Muñoz, V., Bartolomé-Martín, I., Saucedo‐Mora, L., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Rodríguez‐Laso, Á. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14121706
“From a preventive perspective, this is particularly relevant, given the substantial individual and societal consequences associated with falls in older populations [3,4].”
Evaluating the Impact of a One‐Year Exercise Program on Probable Sarcopenia in Older Adults
Marzetti, E., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Aguiar, S. D. S., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., & Coelho‐Júnior, H. J. (2026) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/jare/5534766
An Exceptional Mobility Group Among Older Adults: Protocol for the Super Movers Study (Preprint)Preprint
Shafeeque, C. M., Cotton, K., Sathyan, S., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.104520
Yakaryılmaz, F. D., & Eraydın, A. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15124674
“Additional physical reserve parameters including calf circumference, gait speed, hand-grip strength, and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment were recorded as indicators of physical vulnerability and mobility performance [16].”
Larsen, S. T., Madeleine, P., Matsuda, T., et al. (2026) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110261
Cacciatore, S., Bravo, B., Zeidan, R. S., Calvani, R., Yoon, H., Tosato, M., Russo, A., Leeuwenburgh, C., Anton, S. D., Marzetti, E., et al. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02370-0
“This finding is consistent with evidence showing that mobility measures such as gait speed and the SPPB are strong predictors of mortality and adverse outcomes in older adults [74, 75].”
Longitudinal Changes and Correlates of 24‐Hour Movement Behaviors in Brazilian Older Adults
Oliveira, C. H. G., Lopes, D. S. D., Câmara, M., Ribeiro, L. F. C., de Oliveira, F. D. A., Barreira, T. V., Waters, D. L., Cabral, L. L. P., & Costa, E. C. (2026) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.70294
“These changes may have important implications for healthy aging, as reductions in muscle function and physical performance are associated with increased risk of mobility limitations, loss of independence, and poorer quality of life among older adults (Cesari et al. 2005; Studenski et al. 2011).”
Moura¹, G. V., Araújo¹, A. B. G., Teixeira¹, M. R., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9956213/v1
Ko, S.-U., Jerome, G. J., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2026) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2026.110268
Fakorede, S., Cheng, K., & Devos, H. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10101223/v1
Tavonudomgit, W., Yuenyongchaiwat, K., Mahawong, L., Wattanananont, K., Kulchanarat, C., Buranapuntalug, S., & Satdhabudha, O. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14020334
“Patients with better physical performance typically have greater cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, enabling faster recovery and fewer complications [30,52].”
van Leeuwen, M. K., van Dam, M., de Croock, F., Perquin, I. J., Vlieland, T. P. M. V., Gademan, M. G. J., & van den Bos, F. (2026) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648261459714
Lee, M., Park, H., Lim, J. Y., Beom, J., & Youm, C. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-59223-1
“Frail older adults typically exhibit reduced gait performance and cognitive decline, which ultimately contribute to a lower quality of life 13,15,16,61 .”
Thoracic limb stride length is associated with cognitive impairment in aging dogs
Baigi, S. R., Stywall, A., Yang, C. C., Mondino, A., Fefer, G., Panek, W. K., Simon, K. E., Case, B. C., Gruen, M. E., & Olby, N. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1814017
“Mobility decline is a major outcome of aging and a predictor of independence, quality of life, and survival (1, 2).”
Evaluation Protocols and Validation for Cameras in Indoor Healthcare Monitoring
Dadashzadeh, A., Liu, J., Men, Q., Cheng, Q., Scott, K., Alcock, L., Craddock, I. J., & Mirmehdi, M. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26175460 · Cited by 1
“Protocol 2 then evaluates the selected cameras at the application level by assessing their reliability when integrated with human pose estimation under controlled indoor deployment conditions, including variations in lighting, camera placement (height and viewing angle), and occlusion.”
Phillip, J. G., Oddsson, H. R., Ryg, J., Suetta, C., Masud, T., & Minet, L. R. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02384-8
Vivek-Ananth, R. P., Sellegounder, D., Mohanraj, K., Maitra, S., Saunter, C., Weinkove, D., Verdin, E. M., Phipps, S. M., & Price, N. D. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.23.734065
Leveraging Smartwatch-Based Accelerometry to Assess Functional Capacity in Older Adults
de Lucena, E. G. P., Ito, R. C., Lopes, R. F. T., et al. (2026) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703181.2026.2692390
Troubles de l’équilibre du sujet âgé
Huy, P. T. B., & Yelnik, A. (2026) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Oto-rhino-laryngologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-0351(25)42834-7
Goda, A., Nakano, H., Kikuchi, Y., Katsurasako, T., Mori, K., Kubo, A., Nonaka, K., Fujikawa, S., Iwamoto, K., Mitsumaru, N., et al. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14131868
“Physical function was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) [21], maximum walking speed, usual walking speed, maximum step length, usual step length [22], and single-leg standing time (SLST).”
Age‐Related Structural–Functional Discrepancy in Muscle Indicators Among Rural Korean Older Women
Park, J., & Song, Y. (2026) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/jare/5833371
Shiratsuchi, D., Akaida, S., Miyake, Y., Tabira, K., Kuratsu, R., Nishi, H., Atae, S., Fukumori, M., Iko, T., & Makizako, H. (2026) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-026-03446-9
Immediate effects of an ankle assist device on gait recovery after total hip arthroplasty
Oguro, D., 陽一郎, 今., Honda, Y., Hidaka, R., Matsuda, K., Nakahara, Y., & Ogata, N. (2026) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.38.296
“It is a well-established biomarker of global health 1) .”
Effects of a Wearable Hip Exoskeleton on Gait Performance in Patients After Hip Surgery
Choi, H., & Jung, S. (2026) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Science and Technology · doi:10.29273/jmst.2026.10.1.52
Shimizu, N., Hasegawa, N., Yamada, T., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1770437
Gurung, N., & Debur, R. (2026) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.70276
“Gait speed primarily reflects locomotor capacity and general mobility (Studenski et al. 2011).”
Healthspan as a Clinical Outcome: Reframing Longevity in Modern Medicine
Chen, C. Y., & Bonnes, S. L. R. (2026) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2026.04.003
Fritz-Silva, N., Vega, G. G., Mansilla-Antilef, C., Ule-Marín, C., & Hofmann, C. X. B. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-60968-y
Lower-limb power and gait speed as early markers of functional decline in middle-aged women
Jara, M. L., Devaud, B. L., Nain-Estobar, R., Alveal-Mellado, D., & Castillo-Mariqueo, L. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance · doi:10.1590/1980-0037.2026v28e109870
Comparative evaluation of deep learning models for three-class frailty assessment using gait metrics
Hughes, C. M. L., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1873618
“Gait has long been recognized as a sensitive marker of health and functional status in older adults (Studenski et al., 2011; De la Cámara et al., 2020).”
Overweight/obesity and gait abnormality: what role does the brain play in the relationship?
Wang, H., Wang, J., Xiao, Q., Zhao, H., Lu, H., Fan, M., Tian, W., Wang, Y., Cui, M., Zhao, R., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-026-02150-y
Comparing geriatric assessment tools for predicting negative health outcomes in older adults
Abbadi, A., Innocenti, F., Beridze, G., et al. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-05008-2
“A key strength shared by these high-performing tools is their emphasis on physical function— particularly gait speed—, which is a well-established clinical predictor of a wide range of adverse outcomes in older adults [1, 2, 36].”
Criterion-Referenced Sex-Specific Six-Minute Walk Distance Cut-Offs for Staging Alzheimer’s Disease
Ayed, I. B., Makni, E., Ammar, A., Brahim, M. B., & Elloumi, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15145374
Gao, J., Ke, X., Su, Q., et al. (2026) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2026.2702656
A target trial emulation of adherence to Canada’s food guide 2019 recommendations in older adults
Brassard, D., Presse, N., & Chevalier, S. (2026) · AJE Advances Research in Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ajeadv/uuag028
Surender, Shingatgeri, V., Khatana, P., Najm, M. Z., Mishra, S. K., & Kuchay, M. S. (2026) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-026-02553-y
“Gait speed was assessed using a standardized 4-meter walk test [ 14 –17] in ambulatory patients; patients who were bed-bound, had acute lower-limb pathology, or required intensive monitoring were excluded from gait speed assessment and were classified on the basis of low muscle mass and grip…”
Dietary Recommendations for Managing Obesity in Ageing
Kumar, A. C. S., Grover, S., Rana, S., & Shevkani, K. (2026) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24097-2_15
Fukuda, H., Sugawa, A., Miyamoto, T., et al. (2026) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases14070261
“Furthermore, gait speed has been identified as a useful marker for risk stratification in patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures [17,19,20].”
InfluentialGanguly, A. K., Banerjee, S. K., Vidya Sagar, G. V., Singal, D. K., & Ganguly, A. (2026) · Photobiomodulation Photomedicine and Laser Surgery · doi:10.1177/25785478261471039
Xu, Y., Cao, M., Liu, Y., et al. (2026) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/s12957-026-04508-y
“A patient who walks 4 m in 5 s, for example, has a gait speed of 0.8 m/s. Common cut-offs in geriatric and surgical literature include 0.8 m/s or 1.0 m/s, but the optimal threshold for VATS lung cancer surgery has not been definitively established [30].”
InfluentialQuatorze, J., Reis, M., Alvarez1, G., & Martins, A. C. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26144616
“Gait speed is also a well-established indicator of functional decline and mortality risk in this population [12,13].”
Wang, J., Li, J., Xiao, Q., Li, J., Wang, H., Liang, X., Wu, S., Wang, Y., Cui, M., Chen, X., et al. (2026) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-026-02428-z
Somatotopic homunculus profiles of motor cortex and corticospinal tract in aging
Wen, J., Li, C., Jiang, L., Pang, H., Guan, X., Xu, X., & Ge, Y. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261473038
Lingam, V., Nof, L., Oluwole-Sangoseni, O., & Fernandez-Fernandez, A. (2026) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000520
Detection and Assessment of Frailty in Ophthalmic Practice
Jamshaid, M., Mashayekhi, Y., Faherty, H., Hassan, A., Nolan, E., & Ahmed, M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29691-7_13
Yamada, Y., Inoue, A., Watanabe, K., et al. (2026) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-026-01565-0
Impact of Vision Loss on Daily Function in Older Adults with Ocular Diseases
Thomas, J., Nagarajan, N., & Varadaraj, V. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29691-7_1
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Carballo, A. (2026) · Research Connections · doi:10.1093/rescon/vmag090
Linares, J. C. C., MONTILLA, J. A. P., & Román, P. Á. L. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26154722
“Among these, physical performance has been identified as a key determinant of independence and a strong predictor of adverse outcomes, including disability, institutionalization, and mortality [4].”
Rokaya, M., AlZain, M. A., Hemdan, D. I. I., Atwa, M. A., & Atlam, E.-S. (2026) · Journal of Disability Research · doi:10.57197/jdr-2026-0888
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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