Cited by 509Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsCancer Risks and FactorsNutritional Studies and Diet

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Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Adult Life, Drinking Patterns, and Breast Cancer Risk

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Chen, Wendy Y., Rosner, Bernard, Hankinson, Susan E., Colditz, Graham A., Willett, Walter C.·2011·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2011.1590PMC PMC3292347

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Multiple studies have linked alcohol consumption to breast cancer risk, but the risk of lower levels of consumption has not been well quantified. In addition, the role of drinking patterns (ie, frequency of drinking and "binge" drinking) and consumption at different times of adult life are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of breast cancer with alcohol consumption during adult life, including quantity, frequency, and age at consumption. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective observational study of 105,986 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study followed up from 1980 until 2008 with an early adult alcohol assessment and 8 updated alcohol assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of developing invasive breast cancer. RESULTS: During 2.4 million person-years of follow-up, 7690 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with increased breast cancer risk that was statistically significant at levels as low as 5.0 to 9.9 g per day, equivalent to 3 to 6 drinks per week (relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24; 333 cases/100,000 person-years). Binge drinking, but not frequency of drinking, was associated with breast cancer risk after controlling for cumulative alcohol intake. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk, with the most consistent measure being cumulative alcohol intake throughout adult life. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk.

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Cancer statistics, 2011
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“, being overweight (4), low physical activity (5), high alcohol consumption (6), and cigarette smoking (7, 8)].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Self-Assured and Sober: The Relationship Between Maternal Parenting Sense of Competence, Stress, and Alcohol Use
Johnson, E., Fellowes, R., Cant, K., & Hunt, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2021.778183 · Cited by 10
Padrões de consumo de álcool em estudantes da Universidade de Aveiro: relação com comportamentos de risco e stress
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Metabolic profiling of adherence to diet, physical activity and body size recommendations for cancer prevention
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Light Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Cancer Development: A Controversial Relationship
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Preventive measures against development of breast cancer
Vykhristyuk, Y. V., Ройтберг, Г. Е., Dorosh, J. V., Владимировна, К. Н., & Akobova, R. (2021) · South Russian Journal of Cancer · doi:10.37748/2686-9039-2021-2-1-6 · Cited by 10
Binge Drinking: The Top 100 Cited Papers
Tomás, M. T. C., Giménez-Costa, J.-A., del Río, B. M., Iñíguez, C. G., & Puchol, Á. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179203 · Cited by 11
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Influential
Osteopontin and breast cancer metastasis: Possible role of genistein on the regulation of osteopontin
Khongsti, K., & Das, B. (2021) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100138 · Cited by 10
The UGT1A6_19_GG genotype is a breast cancer risk factor
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Breast cancer risk scores in a standard screening population
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Shouldn’t We Know This Already? UK Women’s Views About Communicating the Link Between Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Breast Cancer
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“However, even low levels of alcohol consumption are associated with increased BCa risk (Chen et al., 2011; Freudenheim, 2020).”
Association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer incidence and prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Arecco, L., Cacilhas, P. M., Gismondi, C. B. L., Bruzzone, M., Gentile, G., Gerosa, R., Blondeaux, E., Agostinetto, E., Dauccia, C., Lobo-Martins, S., et al. (2026) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2026.104719 · Cited by 9
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Effects of datumetine on hippocampal NMDAR activity
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Does alcohol increase breast cancer risk in African-American women? Findings from a case–control study
Chandran, U., Zirpoli, G., Ciupak, G., McCann, S., Gong, Z.-H., Pawlish, K., Lin, Y., Demissie, K., Ambrosone, C., & Bandera, E. (2013) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.513 · Cited by 9
“…years (Berstad et al, 2008), 16 years (Freudenheim et al, 1995), 18 years (Smith et al, 1994) and below 22 years (Garland et al, 1999), while other studies have shown increased risks associated with drinking below 30 years of age (Harvey et al, 1987) and during ages 18–40 years (Chen et al, 2011).”
Background
Alcohol Interacts with Genetic Alteration of the Hippo Tumor Suppressor Pathway to Modulate Tissue Growth in Drosophila
Ilanges, A., Jahanshahi, M., Balobin, D. M., & Pfleger, C. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078880 · Cited by 9
Alcohol consumption across the life course and mammographic density in premenopausal women
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“Premenopausal and postmenopausal women have a comparable magnitude of association [2, 5].”
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Fetal Alcohol Exposure Increases Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis and Promotes Tumor Progression in Prostate Gland
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“The extrinsic factors are avoidable factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, obesity, alcohol, tobacco or drug use, use of birth control pills or hormone replacement therapies, and breast density [7,8].”
Background
The benefit of adding polygenic risk scores, lifestyle factors, and breast density to family history and genetic status for breast cancer risk and surveillance classification of unaffected women from germline CHEK2 c.1100delC families
Schreurs, M. A. C., y Cajal, T. R., Adank, M. A., Collée, J. M., Hollestelle, A., van Rooij, J., Schmidt, M. K., & Hooning, M. J. (2023) · The Breast · doi:10.1016/j.breast.2023.103611 · Cited by 9
“This model has recently been validated in Dutch women from the general population [14], and includes information on FH [15], genetic testing results, the polygenic risk score (PRS) [16], BMI [17], alcohol consumption [18,19], hormonal factors [20,21], and breast density (BD) [15].”
Method
Fetal Alcohol Exposure and Mammary Tumorigenesis in Offspring: Role of the Estrogen and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Systems
Cohick, W. S., Crismale‐Gann, C., Stires, H., & Katz, T. A. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_24 · Cited by 8
The Role of Vaccination and Screening in Limiting the Worldwide Disease Burden of Preventable Female Cancers: A Review
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Individual- and county-level determinants of high breast cancer incidence rates
Schootman, M., Ratnapradipa, K. L., Loux, T. M., McVay, A. B., Su, L. J., Nelson, E. J., & Kadlubar, S. A. (2019) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr.2019.06.08 · Cited by 8
“Daily alcohol use was categorized as <10 or ≥10 g/day based on its association with breast cancer risk in women aged 40 or older (28).”
Method
An Intervention Tool to Increase Patient–Physician Discussion of Lifestyle Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Ozanne, E. M., Karliner, L., Tice, J. A., Haas, J. S., Livaudais‐Toman, J., Pasick, R. J., & Kaplan, C. P. (2018) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7026 · Cited by 8
“Higher body mass index and energy intake are both associated with higher breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women and alcohol consumption, even as low as three to six drinks per week, is associated with an increase in breast cancer risk.(17) Depending on the amount of alcohol consumed, breast cancer risk is…”
Background
The role of connexins in breast cancer: from misregulated cell communication to aberrant intracellular signaling
Unal, Y. C., Yavuz, B., Özçivici, E., & Meşe, G. (2021) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2021.1962698 · Cited by 8
“As seen in other cancer types such as liver and lung cancers, both genetic(4) and nongenetic factors play roles in breast cancer initiation and progression.(5,6) Although the exact mechanisms in the initiation of breast cancers are not known, several genes are mutated, amplified or lost in addition to epigenetic alter…”
Background
Increasing rates of early-onset Luminal A breast cancers correlate with binge drinking patterns
Chen, J., Kehm, R. D., Yang, W., & Terry, M. B. (2024) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-024-01894-7 · Cited by 7
“Among the few studies that evaluated binge drinking [12–18], only three specifically examined associations by important strata relevant to current trends, namely by molecular subype and pre-menopausal BC [16–18], with two of these finding a significant association [16, 17].”
Background
Is there a time limit for systemic menopausal hormone therapy?
Lipold, L. D., Batur, P., & Kagan, R. (2016) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.83a.15161 · Cited by 7
Genetic anticipation of breast cancer among BRCA1 / BRCA2 mutation carriers: A retrospective study
Kedmi, A., Kadouri, L., Sagy, I., Hamburger, T., Levin, G., Zimhony‐Nissim, N., & Peretz, T. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.14179 · Cited by 7
Dietary Patterns, Dietary Interventions, and Mammographic Breast Density: A Systematic Literature Review
Pastore, E., Caini, S., Bendinelli, B., Palli, D., Ermini, I., Cavalcabo’, N. D. B., Assedi, M., Ambrogetti, D., Fontana, M., & Masala, G. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14245312 · Cited by 8
“A controversial component of the Mediterranean diet (as well as other dietary patterns) is alcohol, which is considered as a class I carcinogen in humans by IARC [41], and it is recognized as a strong and modifiable risk factor for BC even when consumed at low levels [42].”
Background
A Public Health Emergency
Pleasant, V. A. (2023) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2023.11.001 · Cited by 7
Risikofaktoren und Prävention des Mammakarzinoms
Rhiem, K., & Schmutzler, R. K. (2015) · Der Onkologe · doi:10.1007/s00761-014-2837-5 · Cited by 7
Analytic strategies to evaluate the association of time-varying exposures to HIV-related outcomes: Alcohol consumption as an example
Cook, R. L., Kelso, N. E., Brumback, B., & Chen, X. (2015) · Current HIV Research · doi:10.2174/1570162x13666151029101919 · Cited by 8
“For example, the Nurse's Health Study asked participants about the usual number of alcoholic drinks per week prior to age 40, and then compared the risk of breast cancer based on exposure prior to age 40 and exposure after age 40 [18].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Intake of Common Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Breast Cancer Risk among Japanese Women: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Sinnadurai, S., Okabayashi, S., Kawamura, T., Mori, M., Bhoo‐Pathy, N., Taib, N. A. M., Ukawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., & THE JACC STUDY GROUP (2020) · Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.6.1701 · Cited by 7
“Alcohol consumption substantially increases estrogen concentrations, and estrogens have a carcinogenic effect on breast cancer (Chen et al., 2011).”
Background
Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Women
Coughlin, S. S., & Cypel, Y. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5647-6_2 · Cited by 7
Alcohol use and menopause
Wilsnack, R. W., & Wilsnack, S. C. (2016) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000631 · Cited by 7
“51; 413 cases/100,000 person-years) compared with women who did not consume alcohol.(3) Some investigators contend that clinicians should not try to reduce light/moderate drinking by postmenopausal women because the effects of alcohol on breast cancer risk may be cumulative from long-term exposure to alcohol as a low-…”
Background
Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer Risk
Poli, A. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.146 · Cited by 7
Failure to treat menopausal symptoms
Kaunitz, A. M., & Manson, J. E. (2015) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000457 · Cited by 7
“29 is slightly higher than that seen with one daily glass of wine and less than the HR noted with two daily glasses.(8) One reason that use of HT among symptomatic postmenopausal women remains low is the challenge that cliniciansV particularly those who only occasionally discuss HT with womenVface in determining which…”
Background
Linking epidemiology and genomics of maternal smoking during pregnancy in utero and in ageing: a population-based study using human foetuses and the UK Biobank cohort
Mihov, M., Shoctor, H., Douglas, A., Hay, D. C., O’Shaughnessy, P. J., Iredale, J. P., Shaw, S., Fowler, P., & Graßmann, F. (2025) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105590 · Cited by 7
Alcohol Intake and Health Study: No Protective Effect at Low Levels, With Mortality Increasing to 1 in 25 at 14 Drinks Per Week
George, S., Naimi, T. S., Keyes, K. M., Martínez, P., Milam, A. J., Rehm, J. T., Alonso, Á., Bell, S., Britton, A. R., Llamosas‐Falcón, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.25-00435 · Cited by 6
Meme Kanserinden Korunmada ve Meme Kanseri Tedavisinde Akdeniz Diyetinin Etkisi
Güneş, B. D., & Tek, N. A. (2021) · Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.46237/amusbfd.879374 · Cited by 6
Associations of alcohol consumption with breast tissue composition
Yaghjyan, L., Heng, Y. J., Baker, G. M., ROSNER, B. A., & Tamimi, R. M. (2023) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13058-023-01638-z · Cited by 6
Self-citation

Authors: Chen, W. Y., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S. E., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Chen, Wendy Y.
ORCID: Chen, Wendy Y.
Rosner, Bernard
Hankinson, Susan E.
Colditz, Graham A.
Willett, Walter C.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2011-11-02
Volume: 306
Issue: 17
Pages: 1884
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.1590
PMC: PMC3292347
OpenAlex: W2062112003
Cited by: 509
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 23 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 24.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (P01CA087969, [P01 CA87969)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: breast cancer risk, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, drinking frequency, moderate drinking, women, Nurses' Health Study
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Breast Neoplasms, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk Assessment, Young Adult

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Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Adult Life, Drinking Patterns, and Breast Cancer Risk

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