The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Moderate Alcohol Consumption During Adult Life, Drinking Patterns, and Breast Cancer Risk
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Multiple studies have linked alcohol consumption to breast cancer risk, but the risk of lower levels of consumption has not been well quantified. In addition, the role of drinking patterns (ie, frequency of drinking and "binge" drinking) and consumption at different times of adult life are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of breast cancer with alcohol consumption during adult life, including quantity, frequency, and age at consumption. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective observational study of 105,986 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study followed up from 1980 until 2008 with an early adult alcohol assessment and 8 updated alcohol assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of developing invasive breast cancer. RESULTS: During 2.4 million person-years of follow-up, 7690 cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with increased breast cancer risk that was statistically significant at levels as low as 5.0 to 9.9 g per day, equivalent to 3 to 6 drinks per week (relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24; 333 cases/100,000 person-years). Binge drinking, but not frequency of drinking, was associated with breast cancer risk after controlling for cumulative alcohol intake. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of alcohol consumption were associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk, with the most consistent measure being cumulative alcohol intake throughout adult life. Alcohol intake both earlier and later in adult life was independently associated with risk.
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“The main biological pathway seems to be through overall tissue exposure to acetaldehyde, which may not be affected by drinking patterns; however, through modifications of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) serum levels, drinking patterns may have an effect on the risk of developing breast cancer (as well as other cancers, where modifications to IGF serum levels play a role 180).”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [180]
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“through modifications of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) serum levels, drinking patterns may have an effect on the risk of developing breast cancer (as well as other cancers, where modifications to IGF serum levels play a role 180).”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [180]
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Cites
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“07).(1) Consistent with other studies, we did not find any difference by type of alcoholic beverage (ie, beer, wine, or liquor).”
ResultAlcohol and Breast Cancer in Women
Smith‐Warner, S. A., Spiegelman, D. L., Yaun, S., van den Brandt, P. A., Folsom, A. R., Goldbohm, R. A., Graham, S., Holmberg, L., Howe, G. R., Marshall, J. R., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.7.535 · Cited by 945 · cited 3×
“Consistent with other studies, we did not find any difference by type of alcoholic beverage (ie, beer, wine, or liquor).(2,3,18,19) Although the exact mechanism for the association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer is not known, one probable explanation would involve alcohol’s effects on circulating estrog…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationThe Assessment of Alcohol Consumption by a Simple Self-administered Questionnaire
Glovannucci, E., Colditz, G., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Litin, L., Sampson, L., & Willett, W. C. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115960 · Cited by 637 · cited 2×
“40).(16) Data on current alcohol consumption were updated in 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006.”
MethodSelf-citationModerate Alcohol Intake and Cancer Incidence in Women
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Alcohol, Height, and Adiposity in Relation to Estrogen and Prolactin Levels in Postmenopausal Women
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Self-citationBreast Cancer After Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease
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Test of the National Death Index and Equifax Nationwide Death Search
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MethodRisk Factors for Breast Cancer According to Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status
Colditz, G. A., ROSNER, B. A., Chen, W. Y., Holmes, M. D., & Hankinson, S. E. (2004) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djh025 · Cited by 525 · cited 1×
“This type of temporal relationship for alcohol intake over longer periods parallels those of hormonal influences and breast cancer risk in which the broadest consideration of hormonal influences over a lifetime most accurately reflects risk.(39) The strengths of this study include the large number of cases, length of…”
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Salako, B. L., Abdus-Salam, A. A., Orekoya, A. A., Olabumuyi, A. A., Folorunso, S. A., Adenipekun, A., Ntekim, A., Ogunnorin, B. O., Adebayo, O. A., Alani, J. M., et al. (2026) · Nigerian Journal of Oncology · doi:10.67579/njo.2026.xabxossl
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Hosseini, F., Amin, N., Dasari, P., & Ingman, W. V. (2026) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2026.108640
Occupational exposure and incidence of female breast cancer at different stages in Taiwan
Lin, J.-Y., Jung, C. R., Hung, C., Hwang, B., & Chang, T.-Y. (2026) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2026.103189
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Wang, N., Massey, Z. B., Anbari, A. B., Olajire, A., Martínez, P., & McCarthy, D. M. (2026) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyag031
The Nurses' Health Studies: a half-century of discovery in women's health
Romanos-Nanclares, A., Willett, W. C., Chavarro, J. E., Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., ROSNER, B. A., Kang, J. H., & Eliassen, A. H. (2026) · The Lancet Obstetrics Gynaecology & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/s3050-5038(26)00220-7
Self-citationLee, D. J., Chen, W. C., Bertamini, L., El‐Khoury, H., Allam, S., Fleming, G., Alberge, J.-B., Perry, J., Davis, M. I., Lightbody, E. D., et al. (2026) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2026.104208
“…have been observed to be associated with a modestly increased risk of some cancers, 43,44 including after adjusting for cumulative alcohol intake, 45 postulated to be due to the transient saturation of ethanol-metabolising enzymes resulting in DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species and…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, W. Y., Rosner, B., Hankinson, S. E., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Wendy Y.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-11-02
- Volume
- 306
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 1884
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3292347
- OpenAlex
- W2062112003
- Cited by
- 509
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 24.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA087969, [P01 CA87969)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- breast cancer risk, alcohol consumption, binge drinking, drinking frequency, moderate drinking, women, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Breast Neoplasms, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
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