The DOI matches its Crossref record; 214 of the 215 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 23 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious risks, including opioid use disorder and overdose. OBJECTIVE: To provide recommendations about opioid prescribing for primary care clinicians treating adult patients with chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. PROCESS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) updated a 2014 systematic review on effectiveness and risks of opioids and conducted a supplemental review on benefits and harms, values and preferences, and costs. CDC used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess evidence type and determine the recommendation category. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Evidence consisted of observational studies or randomized clinical trials with notable limitations, characterized as low quality using GRADE methodology. Meta-analysis was not attempted due to the limited number of studies, variability in study designs and clinical heterogeneity, and methodological shortcomings of studies. No study evaluated long-term (≥1 year) benefit of opioids for chronic pain. Opioids were associated with increased risks, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death, with dose-dependent effects. RECOMMENDATIONS: There are 12 recommendations. Of primary importance, nonopioid therapy is preferred for treatment of chronic pain. Opioids should be used only when benefits for pain and function are expected to outweigh risks. Before starting opioids, clinicians should establish treatment goals with patients and consider how opioids will be discontinued if benefits do not outweigh risks. When opioids are used, clinicians should prescribe the lowest effective dosage, carefully reassess benefits and risks when considering increasing dosage to 50 morphine milligram equivalents or more per day, and avoid concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines whenever possible. Clinicians should evaluate benefits and harms of continued opioid therapy with patients every 3 months or more frequently and review prescription drug monitoring program data, when available, for high-risk combinations or dosages. For patients with opioid use disorder, clinicians should offer or arrange evidence-based treatment, such as medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine or methadone. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The guideline is intended to improve communication about benefits and risks of opioids for chronic pain, improve safety and effectiveness of pain treatment, and reduce risks associated with long-term opioid therapy.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 23 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of primary importance, nonopioid therapy is preferred for treatment of chronic pain. Opioids should be used only when benefits for pain and function are expected to outweigh risks.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > RECOMMENDATIONS
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When opioids are used, clinicians should prescribe the lowest effective dosage, carefully reassess benefits and risks when considering increasing dosage to 50 morphine milligram equivalents or more per day,”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > RECOMMENDATIONS
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic treatments were found to be effective for chronic pain in studies ranging in duration from 2 weeks to 6 months48–66 (Table 3).”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Guideline Development Process > Contextual Evidence Review
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [51]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [52]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [53]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [54]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No study evaluated long-term (≥1 year) benefit of opioids for chronic pain.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations in the guideline are voluntary, rather than prescriptive standards. They are based on emerging evidence, including observational studies or randomized clinical trials with notable limitations.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies examining patients who underwent low-risk surgery or experienced low back pain from injury revealed that opioid therapy prescribed for acute pain was associated with greater likelihood of long-term use.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Guideline Development Process > Clinical Evidence Review
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46]
- Not checked yetcites [47]
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No study evaluated the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Guideline Development Process > Clinical Evidence Review
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Evidence consisted of observational studies or randomized clinical trials with notable limitations, characterized as low quality using GRADE methodology.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Opioids were associated with increased risks, including opioid use disorder, overdose, and death, with dose-dependent affects.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Before starting opioids, clinicians should establish treatment goals with patients and consider how opioids will be discontinued if benefits do not outweigh risks.”
§ CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain—United States, 2016 > Abstract > RECOMMENDATIONS
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“A study of almost 100,000 patients found that the average rate of tapering was 34.0% of the original dose per month and more than a quarter of patients were tapering at a rate faster than 40% of their original dose per month,43,49 even higher than the maximum rate recommended by the CDC. 1”
From Tapering and withdrawing opioids: guidance informed by fundamental principles to minimise withdrawal symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, opioids are significantly less effective against chronic pain, such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and low-back pain, and tolerance develops to the analgesic effects of opioids, thus necessitating the need for increasingly higher doses to sustain analgesia (McQuay, 1988;Dowell et al., 2016).”
From Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development (2021) · cites this paper as Dowell et al., 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The influential Centres for Disease Control (CDC) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids recommends a linear reduction of opioid doses: ‘A decrease of 10% of the original dose per week’ or ‘slower tapers (e.g. 10% per month)’ for longer term users (Figure 1(a)). 1”
From Tapering and withdrawing opioids: guidance informed by fundamental principles to minimise withdrawal symptoms (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Opioids are also associated with substantial systemic harm such as worsening psychopathology, addiction, tolerance, and premature death. 24”
From Rome IV Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Health Impairment in Subjects With Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and US Food and Drug Administration issued warnings in 2016 to make prescribers and patients aware of these risks.19,34”
From Patterns in Outpatient Benzodiazepine Prescribing in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“evidence of their longterm efficacy and safety is limited.6”
From Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Although opioids are considered to be useful in managing a wide continuum of pain, including acute, procedural, and chronic pain”
From Mind-Body Therapies for Opioid-Treated Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Vist, G. E., Kunz, R., Falck-Ytter, Y., Alonso-Coello, P., & Schünemann, H. J. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39489.470347.ad · Cited by 23,305
GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence
Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schünemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., & Norris, S. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 · Cited by 8,285
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057
GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Schünemann, H. J., Tugwell, P., & Knottnerus, A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011 · Cited by 3,094
Hochberg, M. C., Altman, R. D., April, K. T., Benkhalti, M., Guyatt, G., McGowan, J., Towheed, T., Welch, V., Wells, G., & Tugwell, P. (2012) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.21596 · Cited by 3,068
Zhang, W., Moskowitz, R. W., Nuki, G., Abramson, S., Altman, R. D., Arden, N., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., Brandt, K. D., Croft, P., Doherty, M., et al. (2008) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013 · Cited by 2,796
Chou, R., Qaseem, A., Snow, V., Casey, D., Cross, J. T., Shekelle, P., Owens, D. K., & for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians and the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel* (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00006 · Cited by 2,718
Self-citationCDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016
Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., & Chou, R. (2016) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1 · Cited by 2,697
Self-citationPsychosomatic medicine in Germany: more timely than ever
Zipfel, S., Herzog, W., Kruse, J., & Henningsen, P. (2016) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000447701 · Cited by 2,323
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 215 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,036
Pain Management for Patients With Advanced Cancer in the Opioid Epidemic Era
Dalal, S., & Bruera, E. D. (2019) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_100020 · Cited by 109
Patient-Centered Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-term Opioid Analgesics
Dowell, D., Compton, W. M., & Giroir, B. P. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.16409 · Cited by 100
Self-citationObservational Study of the Downstream Consequences of Inappropriate MRI of the Lumbar Spine
Jacobs, J., Jarvik, J. G., Chou, R., Boothroyd, D. B., Lo, J., Nevedal, A., & Barnett, P. G. (2020) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-020-06181-7 · Cited by 99
Self-citationTurning the Tide or Riptide? The Changing Opioid Epidemic
Kertesz, S. G. (2016) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2016.1261070 · Cited by 99
Preoperative Opioids and 1-year Patient-reported Outcomes After Spine Surgery
Hills, J. M., Pennings, J. S., Archer, K. R., Wick, J. B., Daryoush, J. R., Butler, M., Sivaganesan, A., Khan, I., Call, R., & Devin, C. J. (2018) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000002964 · Cited by 101
Access to Primary Care Clinics for Patients With Chronic Pain Receiving Opioids
Lagisetty, P., Healy, N. A., Garpestad, C., Jannausch, M. L., Tipirneni, R., & Bohnert, A. S. B. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6928 · Cited by 100
Long-term Risk of Overdose or Mental Health Crisis After Opioid Dose Tapering
Fenton, J. J., Magnan, E., Tseregounis, I. E., Xing, G., Agnoli, A. L., & Tancredi, D. J. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.16726 · Cited by 102
Trends and Rapidity of Dose Tapering Among Patients Prescribed Long-term Opioid Therapy, 2008-2017
Fenton, J. J., Agnoli, A. L., Xing, G., Hang, L., Altan, A. E., Tancredi, D. J., Jerant, A., & Magnan, E. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16271 · Cited by 97
Banerjee, G., Edelman, E. J., Barry, D. T., Becker, W. C., Cerdá, M., Crystal, S., Gaither, J. R., Gordon, A. J., Gordon, K. S., Kerns, R. D., et al. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13491 · Cited by 99
Trends in Medical Use of Opioids in the U.S., 2006–2016
Piper, B. J., Shah, D. T., Simoyan, O. M., McCall, K. L., & Nichols, S. D. (2018) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.034 · Cited by 91
Mattson, C. L., O’Donnell, J. K., Kariisa, M., Seth, P., Scholl, L., & Gladden, R. M. (2018) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6734a2 · Cited by 100
Opioids and Infectious Diseases: A Converging Public Health Crisis
Schwetz, T. A., Calder, T., Rosenthal, E. S., Kattakuzhy, S. M., & Fauci, A. S. (2019) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz133 · Cited by 100
Strickler, G. K., Zhang, K., Halpin, J., Bohnert, A. S. B., Baldwin, G. T., & Kreiner, P. W. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.010 · Cited by 100
Sex differences in the response to opioids for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Pisanu, C., Franconi, F., Gessa, G. L., Mameli, S., Pisanu, G. M., Campesi, I., Leggio, L., & Agabio, R. (2019) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104447 · Cited by 97
Neuroinflammation, Pain and Depression: An Overview of the Main Findings
Campos, A. C. P., Antunes, G. F., Matsumoto, M., Pagano, R. L., & Martinez, R. C. R. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01825 · Cited by 107
Penney, L., Ritenbaugh, C., DeBar, L., Elder, C. R., & Deyo, R. A. (2016) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0566-0 · Cited by 97
The impact of cannabis access laws on opioid prescribing
McMichael, B. J., Horn, R. L. V., & Viscusi, W. K. (2019) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102273 · Cited by 96
Alba, R. G., Barragán‐Iglesias, P., González‐Hernández, A., Valdez-Moráles, E. E., Granados‐Soto, V., Condés‐Lara, M., Rodríguez, M. G., & Marichal‐Cancino, B. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01496 · Cited by 95
Nielsen, S., Picco, L., Murnion, B. P., Winters, B. L., Matheson, J., Graham, M., Campbell, G., Parvaresh, L., Khor, K. E., Betz‐Stablein, B., et al. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01322-4 · Cited by 103
Glanz, J. M., Narwaney, K. J., Mueller, S. R., Gardner, E. M., Calcaterra, S. L., Xu, S., Breslin, K. D., & Binswanger, I. A. (2018) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4288-3 · Cited by 101
Wyles, C. C., Hevesi, M., Trousdale, E. R., Ubl, D. S., Gazelka, H. M., Habermann, E. B., Trousdale, R. T., Pagnano, M. W., & Mabry, T. M. (2018) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1007/s11999.0000000000000292 · Cited by 95
Goldstick, J. E., Guy, G. P., Losby, J. L., Baldwin, G. T., Myers, M., & Bohnert, A. S. B. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16860 · Cited by 99
Deaths of Despair or Drug Problems?
Ruhm, C. J. (2018) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w24188 · Cited by 93
Crotty, K., Freedman, K. I., & Kampman, K. M. (2020) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000635 · Cited by 95
The North American opioid epidemic: current challenges and a call for treatment as prevention
Vashishtha, D., Mittal, M. L., & Werb, D. (2017) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0135-4 · Cited by 94
Gaither, J. R., Gordon, K. S., Crystal, S., Edelman, E. J., Kerns, R. D., Justice, A. C., Fiellin, D. A., & Becker, W. C. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.033 · Cited by 97
Singh, J. A., & Cleveland, J. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229174 · Cited by 98
Pain management in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease
Roy, P. J., Weltman, M. R., Dember, L. M., Liebschutz, J. M., & Jhamb, M. (2020) · Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension · doi:10.1097/mnh.0000000000000646 · Cited by 95
Sandbrink, F., Murphy, J. L., Johansson, M., Olson, J. L., Edens, E. L., Clinton-Lont, J., Sall, J., Spevak, C., VA/DoD Guideline Development Group, Sandbrink, F., et al. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m22-2917 · Cited by 101
Outpatient, combined use of opioid and benzodiazepine medications in the United States, 1993-2014.
Hirschtritt, M. E., Delucchi, K. L., & Olfson, M. (2018) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.12.010 · Cited by 93
Mobile applications for pain management: an app analysis for clinical usage
Zhao, P., Yoo, I., Lancey, R., & Varghese, E. (2019) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0827-7 · Cited by 93
Smith, A. H., Jensen, K. P., Li, J., Nuñez, Y. Z., Farrer, L. A., Hakonarson, H. H., Cook‐Sather, S. D., Kranzler, H. R., & Gelernter, J. E. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.257 · Cited by 90
Bruce, R. D., Merlin, J. S., Lum, P. J., Ahmed, E., Alexander, C. S., Corbett, A., Foley, K. M., Leonard, K., Treisman, G. J., & Selwyn, P. A. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix636 · Cited by 94
Jeffery, M. M., Hooten, W. M., Henk, H. J., Bellolio, F., Hess, E. P., Meara, E. R., Ross, J. S., & Shah, N. D. (2018) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k2833 · Cited by 94
Patients’ Experience With Opioid Tapering: A Conceptual Model With Recommendations for Clinicians
Henry, S. G., Paterniti, D. A., Feng, B., Iosif, A., Kravitz, R. L., Weinberg, G., Cowan, P., & Verba, S. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.09.001 · Cited by 96
Stepan, J. G., Lovecchio, F. C., Premkumar, A., Kahlenberg, C. A., Albert, T. J., Baurley, J. W., & Nwachukwu, B. U. (2019) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.17.01645 · Cited by 93
Patient Satisfaction and Pain Control Using an Opioid-Sparing Postoperative Pathway
Hallway, A. K., Vu, J. V.-T., Lee, J. S.-J., Palazzolo, W. C., Waljee, J. F., Brummett, C. M., Englesbe, M. J., & Howard, R. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.04.020 · Cited by 93
Sohn, M., Talbert, J., Huang, Z., Lofwall, M. R., & Freeman, P. R. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6215 · Cited by 93
Pharmacotherapy for knee osteoarthritis: current and emerging therapies
Cao, P., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Ding, C., & Hunter, D. J. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1732924 · Cited by 94
Hoopsick, R. A., Homish, G. G., & Leonard, K. E. (2020) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/0033354920968806 · Cited by 93
Opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents
Cooper, T. E., Fisher, E., Gray, A. L., Krane, E. J., Sethna, N. F., van Tilburg, M. A. L., Zernikow, B., & Wiffen, P. J. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012538.pub2 · Cited by 93
Recent advances in polymer-based drug delivery systems for local anesthetics
Wang, B., Wang, S., Zhang, Q., Deng, Y., Li, X., Peng, L., Zuo, X., Piao, M., Kuang, X., Sheng, S., et al. (2019) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.044 · Cited by 92
Bialas, P., Maier, C., Klose, P., & Häuser, W. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1496 · Cited by 92
Day, M. A., Ward, L. C., Ehde, D. M., Thorn, B. E., Burns, J., Barnier, A., Mattingley, J. B., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny273 · Cited by 91
The Effect of Opioid Prescribing Guidelines on Prescriptions by Emergency Physicians in Ohio
Weiner, S. G., Baker, O. N., Poon, S. J., Rodgers, A. F., Garner, C., Nelson, L. S., & Schuur, J. D. (2017) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.03.057 · Cited by 91
Patient-Clinician Communication About Pain: A Conceptual Model and Narrative Review
Henry, S. G., & Matthias, M. S. (2018) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny003 · Cited by 90
Gatchel, R. J., Reuben, D. B., Dagenais, S., Turk, D. C., Chou, R., Hershey, A. D., Hicks, G. E., Licciardone, J. C., & Horn, S. D. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.015 · Cited by 93
Self-citationOpioid Medication Use in the Surgical Patient: An Assessment of Prescribing Patterns and Use
Tan, W. H., Yu, J. S., Feaman, S., McAllister, J. M., Kahan, L. G., Quasebarth, M. A., Blatnik, J. A., Eagon, C. J., Awad, M. M., & Brunt, M. L. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Surgeons · doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.04.032 · Cited by 91
The contribution of obesity to prescription opioid use in the United States
Stokes, A., Berry, K. M., Collins, J. M., Hsiao, C., Waggoner, J. R., Johnston, S. S., Ammann, E. M., Scamuffa, R. F., Lee, S., Lundberg, D. J., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001612 · Cited by 96
Changing Trends in Opioid Overdose Deaths and Prescription Opioid Receipt Among Veterans
Lin, L. (., Peltzman, T., McCarthy, J. F., Oliva, E. M., Trafton, J. A., & Bohnert, A. S. B. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.01.016 · Cited by 90
Chua, K.-P., Brummett, C. M., Conti, R. M., & Bohnert, A. (2020) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4878 · Cited by 90
Peckham, A. M., Fairman, K. A., & Sclar, D. A. (2017) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-017-0595-1 · Cited by 91
Sinha, C. B., Bakshi, N., Ross, D. C., & Krishnamurti, L. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4410 · Cited by 94
Can policy affect initiation of addictive substance use? Evidence from opioid prescribing
Sacks, D. W., Hollingsworth, A. J., Nguyen, T. D., & Simon, K. I. (2020) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2020.102397 · Cited by 88
Wolf, S. J., Byyny, R. L., Carpenter, C. R., Diercks, D. B., Gemme, S. R., Gerardo, C. J., Godwin, S. A., Hahn, S. A., Harrison, N. E., Hatten, B. W., et al. (2019) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.07.009 · Cited by 90
Torrance, N., Veluchamy, A., Zhou, Y., Fletcher, E. H., Moir, E., Hébert, H. L., Donnan, P. T., Watson, J., Colvin, L., & Smith, B. H. (2020) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2020.05.017 · Cited by 90
Lerner, A., & Klein, M. (2019) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz025 · Cited by 89
Yajnik, M., Hill, J. N., Hunter, O. O., Howard, S. K., Kim, T. E., Harrison, T. K., & Mariano, E. R. (2018) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.001 · Cited by 93
Kravitz, R. L., Schmid, C. H., Marois, M., Wilsey, B. L., Ward, D., Hays, R. D., Duan, N., Wang, Y., MacDonald, S. T., Jerant, A. F., et al. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3981 · Cited by 91
Balancing opioid analgesia with the risk of nonmedical opioid use in patients with cancer
Arthur, J. A., & Bruera, E. D. (2018) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0143-7 · Cited by 92
Stearns, L. M., Abd-Elsayed, A. A., Perruchoud, C., Spencer, R. J., Hammond, K., Stromberg, K., & Weaver, T. W. (2019) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000004425 · Cited by 89
Kiang, M. V., Humphreys, K. N., Cullen, M. R., & Basu, S. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l6968 · Cited by 89
Clinical Practice Guideline: Opioid Prescribing for Analgesia After Common Otolaryngology Operations
Anne, S., Mims, J. “., Tunkel, D. E., Rosenfeld, R. M., Boisoneau, D. S., Brenner, M. J., Cramer, J. D., Dickerson, D. M., Finestone, S. A., Folbe, A. J., et al. (2021) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599821996297 · Cited by 94
Enzinger, A. C., Ghosh, K., Keating, N. L., Cutler, D., Clark, C. R., Florez, N., Landrum, M. B., & Wright, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.22.01413 · Cited by 90
“UDS also expanded rapidly, despite no clear guidelines recommending its use for terminally ill populations.(4) Compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive any opioid and long-acting opioids; received lower daily doses and lower total doses, and were more often subjected to UDS.”
BackgroundPain Management in CKD: A Guide for Nephrology Providers
Koncicki, H. M., Unruh, M. L., & Schell, J. O. (2016) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.08.039 · Cited by 88
Opioid Prescription Patterns and Risk Factors Associated With Opioid Use in the Netherlands
Bedene, A., Lijfering, W. M., Niesters, M., van Velzen, M., Rosendaal, F. R., Bouvy, M. L., Dahan, A., & van Dorp, E. L. A. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10223 · Cited by 96
Kent, M. L., Tighe, P. J., Belfer, I., Brennan, T. J., Bruehl, S. P., Brummett, C. M., Buckenmaier, C. C., Buvanendran, A., Cohen, R. I., Desjardins, P. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.02.421 · Cited by 91
Lin, H., Wang, Z., Boyd, C. J., Simoni, J. M., & Buu, A. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.032 · Cited by 87
A crisis of opioids and the limits of prescription control: United States
Kertesz, S. G., & Gordon, A. J. (2018) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14394 · Cited by 89
Lee, E. A., Brettler, J. W., Kanter, M. H., Steinberg, S. G., Khang, P. S., Distasio, C. C., Martin, J., Dreskin, M., Thompson, N., Cotter, T. M., et al. (2019) · The Permanente Journal · doi:10.7812/tpp/18.212 · Cited by 93
Davison, S. N., & Jassal, S. V. (2016) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.01050116 · Cited by 92
Reynolds, S. L., Bryant, K., Studnek, J. R., Hogg, M. M., Dunn, C., Templin, M. A., Moore, C. G., Young, J. R., Walker, K. R., & Runyon, M. S. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13313 · Cited by 85
Opioid prescribing patterns among postpartum women
Badreldin, N., Grobman, W. A., Chang, K. T., & Yee, L. M. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.003 · Cited by 95
Goertz, C., Long, C. R., Vining, R. D., Pohlman, K. A., Walter, J. A. G., & Coulter, I. D. (2018) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0105 · Cited by 90
The changing landscape of naloxone availability in the United States, 2011 – 2017
Freeman, P. R., Hankosky, E. R., Lofwall, M. R., & Talbert, J. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.017 · Cited by 88
Managing Chronic Pain in the Elderly: An Overview of the Recent Therapeutic Advancements
Asad, A., Arif, A. W., Bhan, C., Kumar, D., Malik, M. B., Sayyed, Z., Akhtar, K. H., & Ahmad, M. Q. (2018) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.3293 · Cited by 95
Towards an Effective and Safe Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: A Delphi-Guided Expert Consensus
Varrassi, G., Alon, E., Bagnasco, M., Lanata, L., Mayoral, V., Paladini, A., Pergolizzi, J. V., Perrot, S., Scarpignato, C., & Tölle, T. R. (2019) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-019-01053-x · Cited by 93
Davis, C. S., & Carr, D. H. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.002 · Cited by 89
CDC Grand Rounds: Public Health Strategies to Prevent Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Ko, J. Y., Wolicki, S. B., Barfield, W. D., Patrick, S. W., Broussard, C. S., Yonkers, K. A., Naimon, R., & Iskander, J. (2017) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6609a2 · Cited by 85
Emergency Department Contribution to the Prescription Opioid Epidemic
Axeen, S., Seabury, S. A., & Menchine, M. D. (2018) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.12.007 · Cited by 85
Causes of Excess Mortality in Veterans Treated for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Forehand, J. A., Peltzman, T., Westgate, C. L., Riblet, N. B. V., Watts, B. V., & Shiner, B. R. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.014 · Cited by 89
Work Environment Factors and Prevention of Opioid-Related Deaths
Shaw, W. S., Roelofs, C. R., & Punnett, L. (2020) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305716 · Cited by 89
Clarke, H., Azargive, S., Montbriand, J., Nicholls, J., Sutherland, A., Valeeva, L., Boulis, S., McMillan, K., Ladak, S. S. J., Ladha, K., et al. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2018.1501669 · Cited by 84
Opioid Stewardship in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review
Cramer, J. D., Wisler, B., & Gouveia, C. J. (2018) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599818757999 · Cited by 84
Furlan, A. D., Zhao, J., Voth, J., Hassan, S. I., Dubin, R. E., Stinson, J., Jaglal, S. B., Fabico, R., Smith, A. J., Taenzer, P. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x18782090 · Cited by 84
Soffin, E. M., Wetmore, D. S., Barber, L. A., Vaishnav, A. S., Beckman, J. D., Albert, T. J., Gang, C. H., & Qureshi, S. A. (2019) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2019.1.focus18643 · Cited by 83
Laws limiting prescribing and dispensing of opioids in the United States, 1989–2019
Davis, C. S., & Lieberman, A. J. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15359 · Cited by 84
Xu, K. Y., Hartz, S. M., Borodovsky, J. T., Bierut, L. J., & Grucza, R. A. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28557 · Cited by 87
Exercise and Neuropathic Pain: A General Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Research
Leitzelar, B. N., & Koltyn, K. F. (2021) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00307-9 · Cited by 89
The opioid epidemic: A worldwide exploratory study using the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Robert, M., Jouanjus, É., Khouri, C., Sam‐Laï, N. F., & Revol, B. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16081 · Cited by 84
Predictors of persistent prescription opioid analgesic use among people without cancer in Australia
Lalic, S., Gisev, N., Bell, J. S., Korhonen, M. J., & Ilomäki, J. (2018) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.13556 · Cited by 84
Treatment and Prevention of Opioid Use Disorder: Challenges and Opportunities
McCarty, D. W., Priest, K. C., & Korthuis, P. T. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-013526 · Cited by 87
Chronic pain during pregnancy: a review of the literature
Ray-Griffith, S. L., Wendel, M. P., Stowe, Z. N., & Magann, E. F. (2018) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s151845 · Cited by 89
Sommer, C., Klose, P., Welsch, P., Petzke, F. W., & Häuser, W. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1494 · Cited by 83
Rogers, A. H., Bakhshaie, J., Buckner, J. D., Orr, M. F., Paulus, D. J., Ditre, J. W., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2018) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000493 · Cited by 83
Bechara, A., Berridge, K. C., Bickel, W. K., Morón, J. A., Williams, S. B., & Stein, J. S. (2019) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/1529100619860513 · Cited by 82
Martins, S. S., Segura, L. E., Santaella-Tenorio, J., Perlmutter, A. S., Fenton, M. C., Cerdá, M., Keyes, K. M., Ghandour, L. A., Storr, C. L., & Hasin, D. S. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.033 · Cited by 82
Caring for patients with opioid use disorder in the hospital
Donroe, J. H., Holt, S. R., & Tetrault, J. M. (2016) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.160290 · Cited by 82
Morasco, B. J., Yarborough, B. J. H., Smith, N. X., Dobscha, S. K., Deyo, R. A., Perrin, N., & Green, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.12.004 · Cited by 82
Ten Steps the Federal Government Should Take Now to Reverse the Opioid Addiction Epidemic
Kolodny, A., & Frieden, T. R. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14567 · Cited by 82
Metadata
- Authors
- Dowell, D., Haegerich, T. M., & Chou, R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dowell, Deborah
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-04-19
- Volume
- 315
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1624
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC6390846
- OpenAlex
- W2296986887
- Cited by
- 5,161
- References
- 215
- Citations by year
- 2026: 137 · 2025: 233 · 2024: 272 · 2023: 347 · 2022: 407 · 2021: 733 · 2020: 825 · 2019: 762 · 2018: 701 · 2017: 525 · 2016: 214
- FWCI
- 723.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- U.S. Public Health Service (200-2013-M-53890, 15IPA-1505478, 290201200014I)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Keywords
- opioid prescribing, chronic pain, opioid use disorder, opioid overdose, benzodiazepines, prescription drug monitoring programs, buprenorphine, methadone, medication-assisted treatment, low-dose opioids, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Contraindications, Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Benzodiazepines, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Communication, Drug Therapy, Combination, Goals, Humans, Drug Prescriptions, Primary Health Care, United States, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Withholding Treatment, Chronic Pain, Acute Pain, Prescription Drug Misuse, Observational Studies as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-24 (prompt extract-v1).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
