A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain

Day, Melissa A; Ward, L Charles; Ehde, Dawn M; Thorn, Beverly E; Burns, John; Barnier, Amanda; Mattingley, Jason B; Jensen, Mark P

doi:10.1093/pm/pny273

Cited by 91Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and Treatment

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain

Day, Melissa A, Ward, L Charles, Ehde, Dawn M, Thorn, Beverly E, Burns, John, Barnier, Amanda, Mattingley, Jason B, Jensen, Mark P·2019·Pain Medicine

DOI 10.1093/pm/pny273

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Abstract

Objective: This pilot trial compared the feasibility, tolerability, acceptability, and effects of group-delivered mindfulness meditation (MM), cognitive therapy (CT), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Setting: University of Queensland Psychology Clinic. Subjects: Participants were N = 69 (intent-to-treat [ITT] sample) adults with CLBP. Design: A pilot, assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Methods: Participants were randomized to treatments. The primary outcome was pain interference; secondary outcomes were pain intensity, physical function, depression, and opioid medication use. The primary study end point was post-treatment; maintenance of gains was evaluated at three- and six-month follow-up. Results: Ratings of acceptability, and ratios of dropout and attendance showed that MBCT was acceptable, feasible, and well tolerated, with similar results found across conditions. For the ITT sample, large improvements in post-treatment scores for pain interference, pain intensity, physical function, and depression were found (P < 0.001), with no significant between-group differences. Analysis of the follow-up data (N = 43), however, revealed that MBCT participants improved significantly more than MM participants on pain interference, physical function, and depression. The CT group improved more than MM in physical function. The MBCT and CT groups did not differ significantly on any measures. Conclusions: This is the first study to examine MBCT for CLBP management. The findings show that MBCT is a feasible, tolerable, acceptable, and potentially efficacious treatment option for CLBP. Further, MBCT, and possibly CT, could have sustained benefits that exceed MM on some important CLBP outcomes. A future definitive randomized controlled trial is needed to evaluate these treatments and their differences.

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Mindfulness-based interventions such as MBSR and MBCT are efficacious for improving patient-reported outcomes such as pain interference, pain intensity, and psychological distress for people living with chronic pain.
“Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) 1 and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) 2 are efficacious for improving patient-reported outcomes such as pain interference, pain intensity, and psychological distress for people living with chronic pain.3–5”
From Are Formal and Informal Home Mindfulness Practice Quantities Associated With Outcomes? Results From a Pilot Study of a Four-Week Mindfulness Intervention for Chronic Pain Management. (2024) · cites this paper as [4]

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Sverre, K. T., Nissen, E. R., Farver-Vestergaard, I., Johannsen, M., & Zachariae, R. H. (2022) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102234 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Positive affect and chronic pain: a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis
Ong, A. D., Thoemmes, F. J., Ratner, K., Ghezzi‐Kopel, K., & Reid, M. C. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001828 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain
Day, M. A., Ward, L. C., Thorn, B. E., Burns, J., Ehde, D. M., Barnier, A. J., Mattingley, J. B., & Jensen, M. P. (2020) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000862 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Evidence-based interventions to treat chronic low back pain: treatment selection for a personalized medicine approach
Mauck, M. C., Aylward, A. F., Barton, C. E., Birckhead, B., Carey, T., Dalton, D. M., Fields, A. J., Fritz, J., Hassett, A. L., Hoffmeyer, A., et al. (2022) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001019 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A single‐blind, randomized, pilot study of a brief mindfulness‐based intervention for the endometriosis‐related pain management
Moreira, M. D. F., Gamboa, O. L., & Pinho Oliveira, M. A. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1939 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“The theme ‘reconceptualizing pain’ was based on modern pain science (Moseley & Butler, 2015) that shows conceptual convergence with MBIs perspective about factors related to aversive experiences (Day et al., 2019).”
Background
Effects of hypnosis vs mindfulness meditation vs education on chronic pain intensity and secondary outcomes in veterans: a randomized clinical trial
Williams, R. M., Day, M. A., Ehde, D. M., Turner, A. P., Ciol, M. A., Gertz, K. J., Patterson, D. R., Hakimian, S., Suri, P., & Jensen, M. P. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002586 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Mindfulness-based Interventions for Chronic Low Back Pain
Paschali, M., Lazaridou, A., Sadora, J., Papianou, L., Garland, E. L., Zgierska, A. E., & Edwards, R. R. (2023) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001173 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of MBIs in reducing pain intensity in individuals with CLBP.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Meditation-Based Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Lin, T.-H., Tam, K., Yang, Y., Liou, T., Hsu, T.-H., & Rau, C.-L. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac037 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Moderators of mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic low back pain: A test of the limit, activate, and enhance model
Day, M. A., Thorn, B. E., Ehde, D. M., Burns, J. W., Barnier, A., Mattingley, J. B., Matthews, N., & Jensen, M. P. (2020) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.06.006 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dialectical Pain Management: Feasibility of a Hybrid Third-Wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach for Adults Receiving Opioids for Chronic Pain
Barrett, D., Brintz, C., Zaski, A. M., & Edlund, M. J. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa361 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Effect of M-Health-Based Core Stability Exercise Combined with Self-Compassion Training for Patients with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Zheng, F., Zheng, Y., Liu, S., Yang, J., Xiao, W., Xiao, W., Chen, L., Yang, W., Zhang, S., Yu, Q., et al. (2022) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-022-00358-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Most of the previous studies have focused either on psychotherapy [51] or exercise therapy [29, 52].”
Background
Brief Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Associated with Faster Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Pester, B., Wilson, J. M., Yoon, J., Lazaridou, A., Schreiber, K. L., Cornelius, M. C., Campbell, C. M., Smith, M. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Edwards, R. R., et al. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac183 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial protocol
Ehde, D., Alschuler, K., Day, M., Ciol, M., Kaylor, M. L., Altman, J., & Jensen, M. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3761-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
Change in Brain Oscillations as a Mechanism of Mindfulness-Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain
Day, M. A., Matthews, N. L., Mattingley, J. B., Ehde, D. M., Turner, A. P., Williams, R. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab049 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of meditation on pain intensity, physical function, quality of life and depression in adults with low back pain – A systematic review with meta-analysis
Schmidt, H., & Pilat, C. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2023.102924 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A randomized trial to examine the mechanisms of cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based psychosocial treatments for chronic pain: Study protocol
Day, M. A., Ehde, D. M., Burns, J. W., Ward, L. C., Friedly, J. L., Thorn, B. E., Ciol, M. A., Mendoza, E., Chan, J. F., Battalio, S. L., et al. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106000 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“e.g., [19, 23, 25, 52, 53] .”
Self-citation
Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic pain: A multicenter study
Pardos-Gascón, E. M., Narambuena, L., Leal-Costa, C., Ramos-Morcillo, A. J., Ruzafa-Martínez, M., & van-der Hofstadt Román, C. J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136951 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The effectiveness of MBCT on the symptoms of depression has been widely studied, and its use is recommended as a co-adjuvant therapy for unipolar depression [43–45] and for depression symptoms specifically in chronic pain conditions [46].”
BackgroundResult
Are Formal and Informal Home Mindfulness Practice Quantities Associated With Outcomes? Results From a Pilot Study of a Four-Week Mindfulness Intervention for Chronic Pain Management.
Brintz, C. E., Polser, G., Coronado, R. A., French, B., Faurot, K. R., & Gaylord, S. A. (2024) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130241236775 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
‘Trying to bring attention to your body when you’re not sure where it is’: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of drivers and barriers to mindfulness for people with spinal cord injury
Hearn, J. H., Finlay, K. A., & Sheffield, D. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12462 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“For example, people living with pain describe how initially engaging in MBIs can be difficult, particularly with regard to the time commitment required (Day et al., 2019), demonstrating a need to explore personal motivation, perceived barriers, acceptability, and accessibility of mindfulness.”
Background
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Individuals With Depression and Chronic Health Conditions: A Systematic Review
Adhikary, D., Barman, S., & Ranjan, R. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.37822 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“, 2019 [34] Chronic low back pain; Country: Queensland, Australia CBT-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) Mindfulness meditation (group) N=69 Pain interference, depressive symptoms, physical function;, pain medication use At three and six months, pain, depressive symptoms, and physic…”
Background
Analgesic Opioid Misuse and Opioid Use Disorder among Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Prescribed Opioids in a Pain Centre in France
Guillou-Landréat, M., Quinio, B., Reste, J. Y. L., Goff, D. L., Fonseca, J., Grall‐Bronnec, M., & Dany, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18042097 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Several studies have recently been published aiming to compare the efficacy of behavioural interventions for the management of CNCP [41,42].”
Background
Response to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Differs Between Chronic and Episodic Migraine
Seng, E. K., Conway, A. B., Grinberg, A. S., Patel, Z. S., Marzouk, M. A., Rosenberg, L., Metts, C. L., Day, M. A., Minen, M. T., Buse, D. C., et al. (2020) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000000984 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Understanding the Role of Therapist Quality in Accounting for Heterogeneity of Patient Outcomes in Psychosocial Chronic Pain Treatments
Day, M. A., Ehde, D. M., Bindicsova, I., & Jensen, M. P. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Mindfulness Meditation Versus Self-Hypnosis Versus an Attention Control on Cold Pressor Outcomes
Grover, M. P., Jensen, M. P., Ward, L. C., Ehde, D. M., Mattingley, J. B., Thorn, B. E., Ferreira-Valente, A., & Day, M. A. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01556-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of integrated approach of yoga therapy versus usual care in management on chronic low back pain patients: A randomized controlled pilot study
Poojari, S., Dhiman, D., Ghai, B., Mathur, D., Metri, K., Kataria, K., & Anand, A. (2023) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13296 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“In inflammatory conditions like acute pancreatitis, TNF-α , interleukins 3,6 are downregulated, and MAPK, NF-κ B, and STAT3 signaling is inhibited in CGRP dependent manner.”
Background
The effects of telehealth-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial
Day, M. A., Ciol, M. A., Mendoza, M. E., Borckardt, J. J., Ehde, D. M., Newman, A. K., Chan, J. F., Drever, S. A., Friedly, J. L., Burns, J. W., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03383-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The interventions were based on standardized protocols and materials that were developed by the author team, with both the CT and MM manuals used and refined in prior trials [28–30].”
MethodSelf-citation
The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy on pain and disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: An overview of systematic reviews
Leung, T., Low, M. K., Yao, P. C., & Pinho‐Gomes, A. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325122 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“ACT and MBCT are some of the “third wave” behavioural therapy that could be included, however there is only 1 RCT by Godfrey et al. [51] involving ACT, and only 1 RCT related to MBCT by Day et al. [52].”
Psychosocial morbidity profile in a community based sample of low back pain patients
Asrar, M. M., Ghai, B., Pushpendra, D., & Bansal, D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82324-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychological Therapy in Chronic Pain: Differential Efficacy between Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Gascón, E. M. P., Narambuena, L., Leal‐Costa, C., Ramos‐Morcillo, A. J., Ruzafa‐Martínez, M., & Román, C. J. V.-D. H. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10163544 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“One of the main differences between our groups was the superior effect of MBCTCP in reducing pain at the present time, as pointed out in previous studies [10,30].”
Result
Web- and Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Prevent Chronic Pain After Cardiac Surgery: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Martorella, G., Hanley, A. W., Pickett, S. M., & Gélinas, C. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/30951 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“therapy—is one of the most widely researched MBIs and may be uniquely suited for pain management given its potential effect on pain-related psychological factors such as catastrophic thinking and pain acceptance [21,61-65].”
Background
Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Management of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Culturally Diverse Populations: An Intervention Logic Model
Monroe, K. S., Archer, K. R., Wegener, S. T., & Gombatto, S. P. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104684 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Opioid Reduction in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Brintz, C., Cheatle, M. D., Dember, L. M., Heapy, A. A., Jhamb, M., Shallcross, A. J., Steel, J. L., Kimmel, P. L., & Cukor, D. (2021) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.02.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mind over chronic pain: A meta-analysis of cognitive restructuring in chronically ill adults
Pintea, S., & Maier, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111837 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Protocol for a Parallel Group Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Telerehabilitation Intervention to Usual Physical Therapy for Latino Patients With Chronic Spine Pain
Gombatto, S. P., Archer, K. R., Wegener, S. T., Hernandez, Y., Lin, S., Godino, J., Dyke, J. V., Liu, J., & Monroe, K. S. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad068 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Feasibility of Web-Based Single-Session Empowered Relief in Patients With Chronic Pain Taking Methadone or Buprenorphine: Protocol for a Single-Arm Trial
Klein, M. R., Darnall, B. D., & You, D. S. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/53784 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“These pain psychology treatments have shown equivalent effects on pain-related outcomes measures [18] and compatible treatment satisfaction ratings [19,20].”
Background
The Use of Behavioral Modalities for Headache During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Riggins, N., & Ehrlich, A. (2021) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-021-00980-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Use of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy to Change Pain-related Cognitive Processing in Patients with Primary Headache: A Randomized Trial with Attention Placebo Control Group
Namjoo, S., Borjali, A., Seirafi, M., & Assarzadegan, F. (2019) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm.91927 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Psychological Methods of Chronic Non-Speciﬁc Pain Treatment
Kuzminova, T. I., Mukhametzyanova, A., & Magomedkerimova, L. V. (2020) · Russian neurological Journal · doi:10.30629/2658-7947-2020-25-2-12-21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Существует ряд различий между программами MBSR и MBCT. Во-первых, MBCT сочетает в себе MBSR и КПТ.”
Influential
Understanding pain treatment mechanisms: a new direction in outcomes research
Day, M. A., & Jensen, M. P. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002373 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Impact of Nonpharmacological Interventions on Opioid Use for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Scoping Review
Coffee, Z. H., Cheng, K., Slebodnik, M., Mulligan, K., Yu, C. H., Vanderah, T. W., & Gordon, J. S. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21060794 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Fifteen studies [38%, 15/39] (one RCT, one pilot RCT, twelve observational studies, and one secondary analysis) included a combination NPI treatment program approach for CNCP patients [3,10,14,44,48,54–57, 59 , 60, 63– 66].”
BackgroundMethod
Enhancing Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Management: A Systematic Review of Mindfulness Therapies and Guided Imagery Interventions
Pinto, B. M., Tavares, I., & Pozza, D. H. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60050686 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“MM did not demonstrate superiority to hypnosis [78] nor to MBCT [68] in improving pain interference, anxiety, and depression.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Pain-Related Beliefs, Coping, and Function: An Observational Study on the Moderating Influence of Country of Origin
Ferreira-Valente, A., Sharma, S., Chan, J. F., Bernardes, S. F., Ribeiro, J. L. P., & Jensen, M. P. (2023) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.012 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feasibility, Acceptability and Modification of a Post-surgical Telehealth Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Enhance Recovery After Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Prospective Intervention Study
Brintz, C., Connors, E. L., Polser, G., Rhoten, B. A., Pearce, M. F., Coronado, R. A., O’Donnell, R., Block, S., Priest, A., Gupta, R., et al. (2025) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130251344843 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“43,44 The MBCT for Chronic Pain manual 41 tailors the MBCT program for individuals with chronic pain by incorporating pain-speci ﬁ c education and by applying mindfulness skills to chronic pain coping.”
Development and Initial Validation of Mindfulness-Based Pain Reduction (MBPR) in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Mehling, W. E., Brintz, C., Hartogensis, W., Wolf, C., Rogers, K., Adler, S. R., Strigo, I. A., & Hecht, F. M. (2025) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s507003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Role of Mindfulness in Predicting Pain Interference in Patients with Primary Headache
Namjoo, S., Borjali, A., Seirafi, M., & Assarzadegan, F. (2019) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm.88340 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In understanding chronic pain control, emphasis of recent researchers is not on changing pain intensity, as past studies have noted in change in one’s relationship to pain, which includes pain interference (4).”
Background
Preliminary study: quantification of chronic pain from physiological data
Cheng, Z., Ly, F. S., Santander, T., Turki, E., Zhao, Y., Yoo, J., Lonergan, K., Gray, J., Li, C., Yang, H. T., et al. (2022) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psychological interventions: a focus on cognitive‐behavioral therapy
Day, M. A., & Thorn, B. E. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119701170.ch26 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
Consumer perspectives of the group itself in group-delivered programs for people with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Wilson, M. K., Wilson, D., Searle, A., & Mackintosh, S. F. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104774 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Pain Intensity in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Alipour, F., Norouzi, A., Reskati, M. H., & Hosseini, S. H. (2020) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.102509 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Group Therapy on Perceived Stress, Emotional Cognitive Regulation, and Self-care Behaviors in Patients With Hypertension
Sabetfar, N., Meschi, F., & Taghvaei, M. H. (2021) · Quarterly of Horizon of Medical Sciences · doi:10.32598/hms.27.2.3502.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Home-Use and Portable Biofeedback Lowers Anxiety and Pain in Chronic Pain Subjects
Ly, F. S., Santander, T., Pavlov, S., Zhao, J., Zhang, M., Arroyo, D., Sokolovskiy, S., Iyer, A., Yankauskas, Y., Chen, J. L., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276231221112 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Evidenzbasierte Interventionen zur Behandlung von chronischem Schmerz im unteren Rücken – Therapieauswahl für einen personalisierten Behandlungsansatz
Mauck, M. C., Aylward, A. F., Barton, C. E., Birckhead, B. J., Carey, T. S., Dalton, D. M., Fields, A. J., Fritz, J. M., Hassett, A. L., Hoffmeyer, A., et al. (2024) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-024-00798-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Use of Intervention Mapping to Adapt a Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Telerehabilitation Intervention for Latino Persons With Chronic Spine Pain
Monroe, K. S., Archer, K. R., Wegener, S. T., Dionicio, P., Arredondo, E. M., Ayala, G. X., Rodriguez, C., Dyke, J. V., Liu, J., & Gombatto, S. P. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104685 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Management of patients with chronic low back pain in outpatient practice: a clinical observation
Mukhametzyanova, A. K., & Ахмеджанова, Л. Т. (2024) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2024-5-82-86 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy (IAYT) Versus Usual Care in Management on Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: a Randomized Controlled Pilot StudyPreprint
Poojari, S., Dhiman, D., Ghai, B., Mathur, D., Metri, K., Kataria, K., & Anand, A. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1123520/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prevalence of Non-Specific Low Back Pain Due to Job-Related Stress among Security Guards
Naeem, Z., Zia, S., Ali, I., Nisa, L. U., Amjad, A., & Mujtaba, A. (2024) · Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation · doi:10.36283/pjr.zu.13.2/014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“A biopsychosocial framework is the most useful tool for elucidating the complex relationships between physical, psychological, and social health aspects that are involved in the multifactorial and widespread condition of back pain 5, 6 .”
Method
Internet-delivered mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (iMBCT) for chronic pain symptom management in adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Bindicsova, I., Hides, L. M., Brain, K., Hodson, F. J., Jackson, P., Jensen, M. P., Ehde, D. M., & Day, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105429 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Content Analysis of African Americans' Experience of Engaging in Qigong Exercise Intervention in a Community Setting
Chang, P., Cohee, A. A., Poe, C., Kim, J., Yergler, A., & Lu, Y. Y.-F. (2023) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0130 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
[Efectividad de una intervención multimodal para la mejora de la atención al dolor crónico.]
Romero, M., Tarrida, Á. C. L., Saz, A. P. D., Hernández, M. B. G., Monrobé, M. B. M., Sánchez-Villar, E., Valero, C. C., & Pereira-Delgado, C. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Managing Chronic Pain and Preventing Analgesic Misuse in the Community
Feng, F. (2021) · Online Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine · doi:10.33552/ojcam.2021.05.000614 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mindfulness
Hawes, J., & Sweeny, K. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00090-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Yoga Brain Connection: A Neuroscientific Approach to Chronic Back Pain Management
Sharma, R., & Ghai, B. (2024) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531241232243 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Literature Review Evaluating the Efficacy of Meditation as an Adjunctive Method for Managing Chronic Lower Back Pain
Wyckoff, A. (2019) · doi:10.15760/honors.791
“Day et al. (2019) and Michalsen et al. (2016) conducted studies with intervention periods of 8 weeks and had similar sample sizes of 69 and 68, respectively.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Management of Chronic Back Pain in the Elderly
DelSole, E. M., Warnick, E., Galetta, M. S., Divi, S. N., Goyal, D. K. C., Kepler, C. K., Schroeder, G. D., & Vaccaro, A. R. (2020) · Contemporary Spine Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.css.0000658420.92296.b2
Chronic low back pain: Can Yoga as an integrative approach be the best way forward?
Poojari, S., Ghai, B., Metri, K., Gupta, S. J., & Verma, P. (2020) · Integrative Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.38205/imcr.010106
“Pharmacological methods seem inadequate as a sole treatment to CLBP (5).”
BackgroundInfluential
Management of Chronic Back Pain in the Elderly
DelSole, E. M., Warnick, E., Galetta, M. S., Divi, S. N., Goyal, D. K. C., Kepler, C. K., Schroeder, G. D., & Vaccaro, A. R. (2021) · Topics in Pain Management · doi:10.1097/01.tpm.0000741900.72234.7d
Psychological interventions in patients with chronic low back pain: a scoping review
Fardi, D., Mohammadi, S., Kazemi, S. S., & Montazeri, A. (2023) · Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research · doi:10.52547/payesh.22.1.29
Unraveling the underlying mechanisms behind chronic spinal pain and their response to treatment, with special focus on chronic whiplash-associated disorders
Ezcurra, C. M. (2023) · doi:10.26481/dis.20230629ce
A Practical and Analytical Study of Yoga Therapy Techniques for Back Pain
Ahmed, P., Ahmad, N., Adhlok, V., Ashraf, M., & Vveinhardt, J. (2024) · International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine · doi:10.47552/ijam.v15i1.4358
Emerging Use of Yogic Techniques and Behavioural Approaches in Pain Management
Ghai, B., Kumar, K. N., Sharma, R., & Vinayak, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2855-8_6
THE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS-BASED COGNITIVE THERAPY (MBCT) ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BURN PATIENTS: A CLINICAL TRIAL
Hosseinzadegan, F., Malkari, B., & Azar, N. T. (2024) · Nursing and Midwifery Journal · doi:10.61186/unmf.22.9.763
Psychotherapy for chronic illnesses: an analysis of psychological support and coping strategies for stress
Kalinina, K. E., Byltsova, O. S., Novikova, E. S., Shikhalieva, S. G., & Surkov, A. I. (2025) · Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) · doi:10.30629/0023-2149-2025-103-1-5-12
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Additional file 1 of The effects of telehealth-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial
Day, M. A., Ciol, M. A., Mendoza, M. E., Borckardt, J., Ehde, D. M., Newman, A. K., Chan, J. F., Drever, S. A., Friedly, J. L., Burns, J. W., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25596414
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Can cognitive behavioral additions improve the efficacy of self-help mindfulness intervention for depression and anxiety ?: A randomized controlled trial
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The effects of telehealth-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial
Day, M. A., Ciol, M. A., Mendoza, M. E., Borckardt, J. J., Ehde, D. M., Newman, A. K., Chan, J. F., Drever, S. A., Friedly, J. L., Burns, J. W., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03383-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
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Mindfulness Meditation for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Quasi-randomized Controlled Pilot StudyPreprint
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A qualitative comparison of mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for chronic low back pain.
Cattanach, B. K., Thorn, B. E., Ehde, D. M., Jensen, M. P., & Day, M. A. (2021) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000344 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on Decreasing Pain, Depression and Anxiety of Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
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Qualitative findings from a randomized trial of mindfulness-based and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for opioid-treated chronic low back pain
Horton, D. M., Woods, D. K., Garland, E. L., Edwards, R. R., Barrett, B. P., & Zgierska, A. E. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241247710 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: Day, M. A., Ward, L. C., Ehde, D. M., Thorn, B. E., Burns, J., Barnier, A., Mattingley, J. B., & Jensen, M. P.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
University of Washington (US)
University of Alabama (US)
Rush University Medical Center (US)
ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders (AU)
Corresponding author: Day, Melissa A
ORCID: Day, Melissa A
Ehde, Dawn M
Thorn, Beverly E
Burns, John
Barnier, Amanda
Mattingley, Jason B
Jensen, Mark P
Venue: Pain Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2019-01-03
Volume: 20
Issue: 11
Pages: 2134-2148
ISSN: 1526-2375 (ISSN-L)
1526-4637
DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny273
OpenAlex: W2907042880
Semantic Scholar: dd7fc70cc3a09d088b3934f05ae5069fb38140d4
Cited by: 91
References: 72
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7
FWCI: 9.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: Pain Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Health and Medical Research Council
University of Queensland
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: chronic low back pain, mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, pain interference, physical function, depression, opioid use, treatment acceptability, feasibility, maintenance of treatment gains
MeSH terms: Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain Measurement, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Low Back Pain, Meditation, Chronic Pain, Mindfulness

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A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain

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