Trends in emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries among youth aged 10 to 24 years in the United States, 2001–2015.
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This health services epidemiology study uses National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database data to characterize trends in hospital emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries among US youth aged 10 to 24 years from 2001 through 2015.
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Research before the COVID-19 pandemic indicated that young females had both higher and increasing rates of emergency department visits for suicide attempts compared with males.
“research before the COVID-19 pandemic indicated that young females had both higher and increasing rates of ED visits for suicide attempts compared with males (8)”
From Emergency Department Visits for Suspected Suicide Attempts Among Persons Aged 12–25 Years Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–May 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
The Results report that ED visit rates for self-inflicted injuries increased among females after 2009 while male rates remained stable. The paper does not establish in the available text that female rates were higher than male rates, and its definition includes injuries with nonsuicidal intent, not just suicide attempts. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“Most cases of individuals presenting with SITBs are addressed by emergency departments (EDs) that are not specialized in the treatment of SITBs [10,11], and many providers within these EDs report a limited capacity and expertise for treating mental health conditions [19].”
BackgroundSocial Media and Depressive Symptoms
Twenge, J. M., Peeples, D. A., Shafi, R. M. A., Boers, E., Hale, L. E., & Weigle, P. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_19 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Meza, J. I., Folk, J. B., Hoskins, D., Kemp, K. A., & Tolou‐Shams, M. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01839-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Allen, T. A., & Hallquist, M. N. (2020) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000509984 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Teich, J. L., Mutter, R. L., Gibbons, B., Miller, K., Lynch, S. E., & Ali, M. M. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700493 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Parental Attachment and Digital Self-Harm
Loes, C. N. (2022) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2022.2150102 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“…representative samples of adolescents reveal pronounced increases in the prevalence of self-harm resulting in hospitalization among this population, thus underscoring the urgency of better understanding self-harm generally (Duffy, Twenge, and Joiner 2019; Mercado et al. 2017; Twenge 2020).”
BackgroundInitiation of Opioid Prescription and Risk of Suicidal Behavior Among Youth and Young Adults
Fine, K. L., Rickert, M. E., O’Reilly, L. M., Sujan, A. C., Boersma, K., Chang, Z., Franck, J., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., D'Onofrio, B. M., et al. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-049750 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yoon, T. Y., Lee, H. S., Son, J.-W., Kim, S. M., & Lee, J. J. (2022) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.220002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Unlike previous studies, this study found that men used cutting or piercing more frequently than women [4,28].”
Alcohol Consumption and Suicidal Behavior: Current Research Evidence and Potential for Prevention
Kõlves, K., Crossin, R., & Witt, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_61-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yan, H., Zhang, Y., Lu, Z., Li, M., Ge, Y., Mei, D., Kang, Z., Sun, Y., Li, Q., Yan, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098178 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Depression and Suicide Screening
Plemmons, G. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66130-0.00011-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Clinical Work With Clients Who Self-Injure: A Descriptive Study
Giordano, A. L., Lundeen, L. A., Scoffone, C. M., Kilpatrick, E. P., & Gorritz, F. B. (2020) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/ag.10.2.181 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Moreover, the examination of data from emergency room visits among youth in the United States (10–24 years of age) indicated a rise in non-fatal self-inflicted injury among females (with and without suicidal intent) from 2001 to 2015 (Mercado et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialLeMasters, K. H., Delamater, P. L., Brinkley‐Rubinstein, L., Edwards, J. K., Robinson, W. R., & Pence, B. W. (2023) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100189 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Navigating child and adolescent mental health in the digital age
Iorio, G. D., Esposito, D., Romano, S., Panvino, F., Altomonte, B., Conte, G., Casini, M. P., Terrinoni, A., Calderoni, D., Andò, R., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1514806 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-Harm and Suicide-Related Content on TikTok: Thematic Analysis
Grant-Allen, G., Wang, L., Amini, J., Dhaliwal, S., Sinyor, M., & Mitchell, R. H. B. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/77828 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Rates of self-harm among youth have also risen since 2008 in several industrialized countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom [6-10].”
Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Majidi, S., Clements, M. A., Battelino, T., Renard, É., Close, K. L., Novak, L. M., Kar, P. S., Wu, Y., & Community, O. B. O. T. R. C. (2022) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0474 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The influence of peer non-suicidal self-harm on young adults’ urges to self-harm: experimental study
Pitman, A., Lowther, M., Pike, A. C., Davies, J., de Cates, A. N., Buckman, J. E. J., & Robinson, O. J. (2023) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2023.51 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Its prevalence is rising among adolescents in high-income countries (Mercado et al ., 2017; Borschmann & Kinner, 2019; McManus et al ., 2019; Cybulski et al ., 2021).”
Monitoring suicide-related events using National Syndromic Surveillance Program data
Zwald, M. L., Holland, K. M., Annor, F., Kite-Powell, A., Sumner, S. A., Bowen, D. A., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Stone, D. M., & Crosby, A. E. (2019) · Online Journal of Public Health Informatics · doi:10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9927 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“From 2001 to 2016, ED visit rates for nonfatal self-harm, a common risk factor for suicide, increased 42% [2-4].”
BackgroundCharacteristics Associated With Serious Self-Harm Events in Children and Adolescents
Sekmen, M., Grijalva, C. G., Zhu, Y., Williams, D. J., Feinstein, J. A., Stassun, J. C., Johnson, J. A., Tanguturi, Y. C., Gay, J. C., & Antoon, J. W. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-059817 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Arango, A., Czyz, E. K., Magness, C. S., Hong, V., Smith, T., Kettley, J., & Foster, C. E. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12966 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
de Souza, M. L. P., Orellana, J. D. Y., Jesus, F. O., & Horta, B. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1428674 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mercado, M. C., Holland, K., Leemis, R. W., Stone, D. M., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mercado, Melissa C.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2017-11-21
- Volume
- 318
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1931
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC5753998
- OpenAlex
- W2770724157
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 25.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- self-harm, suicide attempts, emergency department visits, youth, adolescents, young adults, injury trends, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, hospital utilization
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult
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