Cited by 164Obesity, Physical Activity, DietChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentObesity and Health Practices

Effect of a Responsive Parenting Educational Intervention on Childhood Weight Outcomes at 3 Years of Age: The INSIGHT Randomized Clinical Trial

Open access
Paul, Ian M., Savage, Jennifer S., Anzman-Frasca, Stephanie, Marini, Michele E., Beiler, Jessica S., Hess, Lindsey B., Loken, Eric, Birch, Leann L.·2018·JAMA

Abstract

Importance: Rapid growth and elevated weight status in early childhood increase risk for later obesity, but interventions that improve growth trajectories are lacking. Objective: To examine effects of a responsive parenting intervention designed to promote developmentally appropriate, prompt, and contingent responses to a child's needs on weight outcomes at 3 years. Design, Setting, and Participants: A single-center randomized clinical trial comparing a responsive parenting intervention designed to prevent childhood obesity vs a home safety intervention (control) among 279 primiparous mother-child dyads (responsive parenting group, 140; control group, 139) who enrolled and completed the first home visit from January 2012 through March 2014 with follow-up to age 3 years (completed by April 2017). Interventions: Research nurses conducted 4 home visits during infancy and annual research center visits. The responsive parenting curriculum focused on feeding, sleep, interactive play, and emotion regulation. The control curriculum focused on safety. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z score at 3 years (z score of 0 represents the population mean; 1 and -1 represent 1 SD above and below the mean, respectively). BMI percentile at 3 years was designated previously as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile and <95th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥95th percentile) at 3 years. Results: Among 291 mother-child dyads randomized, 279 received the first home visit and were included in the primary analysis. 232 mother-child dyads (83.2%) completed the 3-year trial. Mean age of the mothers was 28.7 years; 86% were white and 86% were privately insured. At age 3 years, children in the responsive parenting group had a lower mean BMI z score (-0.13 in the responsive parenting group vs 0.15 in the control group; absolute difference, -0.28 [95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01]; P = .04). Mean BMI percentiles did not differ significantly (47th in the responsive parenting group vs 54th in the control group; reduction in mean BMI percentiles of 6.9 percentile points [95% CI, -14.5 to 0.6]; P = .07). Of 116 children in the responsive parenting group, 13 (11.2%) were overweight vs 23 (19.8%) of 116 children in the control group (absolute difference, -8.6% [95% CI, -17.9% to 0.0%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.25 to 1.06]; P = .07); 3 children (2.6%) in the responsive parenting group were obese vs 9 children (7.8%) in the control group (absolute difference, -5.2% [95% CI, -10.8% to 0.0%]; OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.08 to 1.20]; P = .09). Conclusions and Relevance: Among primiparous mother-child dyads, a responsive parenting intervention initiated in early infancy compared with a control intervention resulted in a modest reduction in BMI z scores at age 3 years, but no significant difference in BMI percentile. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effect of the intervention and assess its efficacy in other settings. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01167270.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.2018.9432

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Parenting behaviors such as sensitive responsiveness and warmth have been linked to a variety of advantageous outcomes in children worldwide, including language.

    “These parenting behaviors have been linked to a variety of advantageous outcomes in children worldwide, 18 -21 including in language.”

    From Parenting Behavior and Child Language: A Meta-analysis. (2019) · cites this paper as [18]

    The Discussion (page not provided) links positive parenting in infancy with improved emotional regulation and describes responsive parenting as relevant to several child behaviors. The paper does not establish the claimed link with language outcomes or show that these associations hold worldwide. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Paul, I. M., Savage, J. S., Anzman-Frasca, S., Marini, M. E., Beiler, J. S., Hess, L. B., Loken, E., & Birch, L. L.
Affiliations
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • University of Georgia (US)
Corresponding author
Paul, Ian M.
Venue
JAMA
Published
2018-08-07
Volume
320
Issue
5
Pages
461
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
OpenAlex
W2887102618
Cited by
164
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 5
FWCI
18.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000127, UL1TR002014)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK088244)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords
responsive parenting, childhood obesity prevention, BMI z-score, infant feeding, infant sleep, emotion regulation, home visits, mother-child dyads
MeSH terms
Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, House Calls, Humans, Infant, Male, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Pennsylvania, Body Mass Index, Parenting, Overweight, Pediatric Obesity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review