The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adjustment for Baseline Characteristics in Randomized Clinical Trials
Open accessAbstract
This Guide to Statistics and Methods provides an overview of the use of adjustment for baseline characteristics in the analysis of randomized clinical trials and emphasizes several important considerations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“We also presented the results of a multivariable analysis, which adjusted for baseline variables known to predict abstinence and did not interact with treatment, including nicotine dependence and quit attempts [32].”
From Personalized chat‐based support for smoking cessation among smokers with mental health symptoms in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial. (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kahan, B. C., Jairath, V., Doré, C. J., & Morris, T. P. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-139 · Cited by 497
Adjustments for Center in Multicenter Studies: An Overview
Localio, A. R., Berlin, J. A., Have, T. R. T., & Kimmel, S. E. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00012 · Cited by 442
Randomization in Clinical Trials: Permuted Blocks and Stratification
Broglio, K. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.6360 · Cited by 243
Zampieri, F. G., Machado, F. R., Biondi, R., Freitas, F. G. R., Veiga, V. C., Figueiredo, R. C., Lovato, W. J., Amêndola, C. P., Neto, A. S., Paranhos, J. L. D. R., et al. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.11684 · Cited by 221
Planning a method for covariate adjustment in individually randomised trials: a practical guide
Morris, T. P., Walker, A. S., Williamson, E. J., & White, I. R. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06097-z · Cited by 97
Estimands, Estimators, and Estimates
Little, R. J. A., & Lewis, R. J. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2021.2886 · Cited by 50
Mistry, E. A., Yeatts, S. D., Khatri, P., Mistry, A. M., Detry, M. A., Viele, K., Harrell, F. E., & Lewis, R. J. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.034859 · Cited by 45
Covariate Adjustment in Cardiovascular Randomized Controlled Trials
Pirondini, L., Gregson, J., Owen, R., Collier, T. J., & Pocock, S. (2022) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2022.02.007 · Cited by 23
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Vitamin D and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in People With Prediabetes
Pittas, A. G., Kawahara, T., Jorde, R., Dawson‐Hughes, B., Vickery, E. M., Angellotti, E., Nelson, J., Trikalinos, T. A., & Balk, E. M. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m22-3018 · Cited by 186
Interpreting Randomized Controlled Trials
Msaouel, P., Lee, J., & Thall, P. F. (2023) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers15194674 · Cited by 38
Effects of a Mobile App to Promote Social Participation on Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial
Kawaguchi, K., Nakagomi, A., Ide, K., & Kondo, K. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/64196 · Cited by 38
Noiphithak, R., Yindeedej, V., Ratanavinitkul, W., Duangprasert, G., Nimmannitya, P., & Yodwisithsak, P. (2023) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-023-02035-y · Cited by 34
Kopf-Beck, J., Müller, C. L., Tamm, J., Fietz, J., Rek, N., Just, L., Spock, Z. I., Weweck, K., Takano, K., Rein, M., et al. (2024) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000535492 · Cited by 30
Early and exclusive enteral nutrition in infants born very preterm
Razzaghy, J., Shukla, V. V., Gunawan, E., Reeves, A., Nguyen, K., & Salas, A. A. (2023) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-325969 · Cited by 33
Xia, C., He, L., Xu, Y., Guo, G., Yu, X., Wang, W., Dai, S., Dai, C., Zhu, Y., Jiang, K., et al. (2024) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.11.025 · Cited by 34
Budesonide-Formoterol Metered-Dose Inhaler vs Fluticasone-Salmeterol Dry-Powder Inhaler
Rabin, A. S., Seelye, S. M., Weinstein, J. B., Hogan, C. K., Whittington, T. N., Cano, J., Miller, S. A., Kelley, C., & Prescott, H. C. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2299 · Cited by 27
Mart, M. F., Boehm, L. M., Kiehl, A. L., Gong, M. N., Malhotra, A., Owens, R. L., Khan, B. A., Pisani, M. A., Schmidt, G. A., Hite, R. D., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00077-8 · Cited by 27
Benedict, T., Nitz, A. J., Gambrel, M. K., & Louw, A. (2023) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2023.2188046 · Cited by 21
Anthropometrics of neonates born to mothers with PCOS with metformin or placebo exposure in utero
Nilsen, G. Ø., Simpson, M. R., Hanem, L. G. E., Løvvik, T. S., Ødegård, R. A., Stokkeland, L. M. T., Andersen, M., Júlíusson, P. B., & Vanky, E. (2023) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14637 · Cited by 15
Andersen, L. W., Holmberg, M. J. J., Høybye, M., Isbye, D. L., Kjærgaard, J., Darling, S., Zwisler, S. T., Larsen, J. M., Rasmussen, B. S., Iversen, K. K., et al. (2023) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109922 · Cited by 17
Self-citationFood Insecurity Interventions to Improve Blood Pressure
Berkowitz, S. A., Ammerman, A. S., Knoepp, P., Anderson, R. E., Taylor, L. H., Jedele, J. M., Archibald, J., Xue, K., Wertman, E., Dellva, B., et al. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.5287 · Cited by 16
Hansen, J. K., Israelsen, M. E., Nishijima, S., Stinson, S. E., Andersen, P., Johansen, S., Hansen, C. D., Brol, M. J., Klein, S., Schierwagen, R., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-60755-9 · Cited by 14
Automated Opt-Out vs Opt-In Patient Outreach Strategies for Breast Cancer Screening
Marcotte, L. M., Deeds, S., Wheat, C. L., Gunnink, E. J., Gray, K. E., Rojas, J., Finch, C., Nelson, K. M., & Reddy, A. (2023) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.4321 · Cited by 14
Fantini, M. C., Fiorino, G., Colli, A., Laharie, D., Armuzzi, A., Caprioli, F., Gisbert, J. P., Kirchgesner, J., Macaluso, F. S., Magro, F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae026 · Cited by 14
Kumar, P. S., Menon, V., & Andrade, C. (2024) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104171 · Cited by 14
Household Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study
Agyapong, P. D., Jack, D. W., Kaali, S., Colicino, E., Mujtaba, M. N., Chillrud, S. N., Osei, M., Gennings, C., Agyei, O., Kinney, P. L., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202303-0623oc · Cited by 14
Immediate vs Gradual Brace Weaning Protocols in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Cheung, P. W. H., Chan, O. K. O., Wu, H., Lai, M. K. L., Wong, L. P. K., Tang, S., & Cheung, J. P. Y. (2024) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1484 · Cited by 12
Popovich, J. M., Cholewicki, J., Reeves, N. P., DeStefano, L. A., Rowan, J. J., Francisco, T. J., Prokop, L. L., Zatkin, M. A., Lee, A. S., Sikorskii, A. E., et al. (2024) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.1515/jom-2022-0124 · Cited by 11
One-Year Effects of High-Intensity Statin on Bioactive Lipids: Findings From the JUPITER Trial
Hoshi, R. A., Alotaibi, M., Liu, Y., Watrous, J. D., Ridker, P. M., Glynn, R. J., Serhan, C. N., Luttmann‐Gibson, H., Moorthy, M. V., Jain, M., et al. (2024) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.124.321058 · Cited by 10
Cohen, S. E., Storosum, B. W. C., Zantvoord, J. B., Mattila, T., de Boer, A., & Denys, D. A. J. P. (2025) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2025.87 · Cited by 9
Labie, C., Runge, N., Maîresse, O., Nijs, J., Malfliet, A., Verschueren, S., Assche, D. V., de Vlam, K., Luyten, F. P., Bilterys, T., et al. (2023) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzad181 · Cited by 9
Östh, J., Lundin, A., Wennberg, P., Andréasson, S., & Danielsson, A. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16769 · Cited by 9
Bramante, C. T., Stewart, T. G., Boulware, D. R., McCarthy, M. W., Gao, Y., Rothman, R. L., Mourad, A., Thicklin, F., Cohen, J. B., Garcia del Sol, I. T., et al. (2025) · doi:10.1101/2025.01.13.25320485 · Cited by 8
Luce, C., Palazzo, L. G., Anderson, M. L., Carter‐Harris, L., Gao, H., Green, B. B., Ralston, J. D., Rogers, K., Su, Y., Tuzzio, L., et al. (2024) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2024.107495 · Cited by 7
Moroń, M., Mengel‐From, J., Zhang, D., Hjelmborg, J., & Semkovska, M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.089 · Cited by 7
Radtke, T., Diering, M., Alfermann, L., Łuszczyńska, A., Kuźmińska, J., & Nuñez, T. R. (2024) · European Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1027/2512-8442/a000158 · Cited by 7
Chisini, L. A., Pires, A. L. C., Poletto-Neto, V., Damián, M. F., Luz, M. S., Loomans, B. A. C., & Pereira-Cenci, T. (2024) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105439 · Cited by 6
Evans, R. K., Brealey, J., Clarke, N., Falbe, J., Finlay, A. H., Jones, A., Thorp, P., Witham, B., Witkam, R., & Robinson, E. (2025) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00143-4 · Cited by 6
Rucklidge, J. J., Sherwin, A., Mulder, R. T., Manna, L., & Boden, J. M. (2026) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2026.01.013 · Cited by 6
Sadique, Z., Zapata, S. M., Grieve, R., Richards‐Belle, A., Lawson, I., Darnell, R., Lester, J., Morris, K., Tume, L. N., Davis, P. J., et al. (2024) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-024-05148-y · Cited by 6
Haukeland-Parker, S., Jervan, Ø., Ghanima, W., Spruit, M. A., Holst, R., Gleditsch, J., Tavoly, M., Stavem, K., Steine, K., Atar, D., et al. (2025) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102736 · Cited by 6
Højgaard, H. G., Høgh, A. L., Lindholt, J. S., Frederiksen, K., & Dahl, M. (2025) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvaf047 · Cited by 6
Kronborg, T., Hangaard, S., Laursen, S. H., Hæsum, L. K. E., Egmose, J., Bender, C., Secher, P. H., Hejlesen, O. K., & Udsen, F. W. (2025) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.1089/respcare.12611 · Cited by 9
Papastefanou, I., Chen, Y.-Y., Nguyen‐Hoang, L., Nguyen, D., Dinh, L. T., Pooh, R. K., Shiozaki, A., Zheng, M., Hu, Y., Wu, Y.-P., et al. (2025) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.18211 · Cited by 6
Eckhardt, H., Quentin, W., Silzle, J., Busse, R., & Rombey, T. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04833-5 · Cited by 5
Bramante, C. T., Stewart, T. G., Boulware, D. R., McCarthy, M. W., Gao, Y., Rothman, R. L., Mourad, A., Thicklin, F., Cohen, J. B., Garcia del Sol, I. T., et al. (2025) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.2570 · Cited by 8
Ohtani, Y., Tani, H., Honda, S., Nomoto‐Takahashi, K., Yatomi, T., Yonezawa, K., Tomiyama, S., Nagai, N., Kusudo, K., Moriyama, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.165 · Cited by 5
Wei, X., Zhuo, C., Hicks, J. P., Zhang, Z., Wu, S., Walley, J. D., Zheng, J., Guo, W., Huang, H., Sullivan, F., et al. (2026) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-026-04222-y · Cited by 7
Berman, A. N., Ginder, C. R., Wang, X., Borden, L. R., Hidrue, M. K., Como, J. S., Daly, D., Sun, Y., Curry, W. T., Carmen, M. G. D., et al. (2023) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2023.06.014 · Cited by 5
Leveraging Preexisting Cardiovascular Data to Improve the Detection and Treatment of Hypertension
Berman, A. N., Hidrue, M. K., Ginder, C. R., Shirkey, L., Kwatra, J., O’Kelly, A. C., Murphy, S. P., Como, J. S., Daly, D., Sun, Y., et al. (2025) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2025.0871 · Cited by 6
Bilić, A., Burns, R. D., Bai, Y., Brusseau, T. A., Lucero, J. E., & Jensen, J. K. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2022.0365 · Cited by 4
Blair, G. W., Appleton, J. P., Mhlanga, I. I., Woodhouse, L. J., Doubal, F., Bath, P. M., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2024) · Stroke and Vascular Neurology · doi:10.1136/svn-2023-003022 · Cited by 5
Onozuka, D., Takatera, S., Matsuo, H., Yoshida, H., Hamaguchi, S., Yamamoto, S., Sada, R. M., Suzuki, K., Konishi, K., & Kutsuna, S. (2024) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-024-04246-1 · Cited by 5
Quan, Y., Zhang, M., Ji, H., & Cheng, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1408378 · Cited by 4
The “Small” Clinical Trial: Methods, Analysis, and Interpretation in Acute Care Cardiology
Zampieri, F. G., & Ezekowitz, J. A. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2024.11.010 · Cited by 4
Effect of a Peer Comparison and Educational Intervention on Medical Test Conversation Quality
Ganguli, I., Mulligan, K. L., Chant, E. D., Lipsitz, S. R., Simmons, L. H., Sepucha, K., & Rudin, R. S. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42464 · Cited by 4
Fell, M. J., Phippen, G., van Eeden, S., Chong, D. K., Swan, M. C., Eeden, S. V., & Carlin, J. B. (2024) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1177/10556656241253949 · Cited by 4
Blakoe, M., Christensen, A. V., Højskov, I. E., Palm, P., Bernild, C., & Berg, S. K. (2023) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-023-01255-9 · Cited by 4
Schwartz, M. D., Peshkin, B. N., Isaacs, C. J., Grisham, C., Holmes, N. J., Sorgen, L., Collins, S., Dawson, N. A., McGuire, C., Okobi, T., et al. (2023) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2023.7071 · Cited by 4
Roubaud, G., Attard, G., Boegemann, M., Olmos, D., Trevisan, M., Antoni, L., Pascoe, K. C., Capone, C., Sanden, S. V., Hashim, M., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114183 · Cited by 4
Within- and Between-Person Correlates of Affect and Sleep Health Among Health Science Students
Wang, Y., Yang, J., Yuan, J., Izci‐Balserak, B., Mu, Y., Chen, P., & Zhu, B. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14121250 · Cited by 3
Tucker, M. J., Jeffcoat, S., Argent, T., Travers, C. P., & Salas, A. A. (2025) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2025.114750 · Cited by 3
Admon, A. J., Cohen‐Mekelburg, S., Opatrny, M., Lee, K. T., Law, A. C., Gershengorn, H. B., Valley, T. S., Prescott, H. C., Wiktor, M. J., Neeluru, J., et al. (2024) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000006322 · Cited by 3
Duan, H., Yang, T., Li, C., Xu, N., Wang, M., Zhang, C., Zhao, J., Chen, Y., Yan, J. Y., Li, W., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.008 · Cited by 5
Chen, Y., Nguyen‐Hoang, L., Dinh, L. T., Nguyen, D.-A., Pooh, R. K., Shiozaki, A., Zheng, M., Hu, Y., Ma, R., Kusuma, A., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101582 · Cited by 3
Impact of Prognostic Notifications on Inpatient Advance Care Planning: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Ma, J. E., Kilpatrick, K. W., Davenport, C. A., Walter, J., Acker, Y., Setji, N., Olsen, M. K., Patel, M. N., Gao, M. C., Gardner, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.08.013 · Cited by 3
A controlled weight loss intervention study among women of Somali background in Norway
Bohler, L., Meyer, H. E., Stigum, H., Leirbakk, M. J., Cabral, D., Wedegren, M. C., Andersen, E., Wieland, M., & Madar, A. (2024) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100231 · Cited by 2
Mark, D. G., Huang, J., Ballard, D. W., Vinson, D. R., Rana, J. S., Sax, D. R., Rauchwerger, A. S., Reed, M. E., & the Kaiser Permanente CREST Network Investigators (2024) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.123.010457 · Cited by 3
The cornerstones of randomized clinical trials
Gori, M., Abelardo, D., Pitino, A., Stamellou, E., Bratsiakou, A., Marino, C., Tripepi, G., Roumeliotis, S. K., & D’Arrigo, G. (2024) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-024-04307-y · Cited by 3
Mahmud, A., Wong, E. S., Lewis, C. C., Ornelas, I. J., Wellman, R., Pardee, R., Mun, S., Piccorelli, A. V., Westbrook, E. O., Haan, H. D., et al. (2025) · AJPM Focus · doi:10.1016/j.focus.2025.100323 · Cited by 3
Mahmud, A., Brown, M. C., Wong, E. S., Ornelas, I. J., Wellman, R., Pardee, R., Mun, S., Singer, A., Westbrook, E. O., Barnes, K. A., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22334-x · Cited by 3
Yao, Y., Luk, T. T., Lau, O. S., Wu, Y. S., Weng, X., Ng, C. H., Cheung, Y. T. D., Lam, T. H., & Wang, M. P. (2025) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70013 · Cited by 3
Halliday, S., Rao, D., Augusto, O. J., Poongothai, S., Sosale, A., Sridhar, G. R., Tandon, N., Sagar, R., Patel, S. A., Narayan, K. M. V., et al. (2024) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0003624 · Cited by 3
Boczor, S., Ashrafi, S., Bjerregaard, F., Bleich, C., Grochtdreis, T., Lühmann, D., Härter, M. C., Hölzel, L. P., Hüll, M., Tinsel, I., et al. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15040462 · Cited by 2
Post-COVID Rehabilitation Outcomes: A Comparative Cohort Study
Prüfer, F., Kautzky, A., Unger, A., Matko, Š., Fischer, M. J., Zwick, R. H., & Grote, V. (2025) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2025.100516 · Cited by 2
Trotignon, G., Jones, I., Yasmin, S., Youhana, A., Ahmed, L., Fenemore, Z., & Schmidt, E. (2025) · International Health · doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihaf106 · Cited by 2
A Multi‐Level Intervention to Address Childhood Obesity in Rural Hispanic Communities
Ko, L., Rillamas‐Sun, E., Kratz, M., Jimenez, E., Jang, S. H., MENDOZA, J. A., Bishop, S. K., & Xiao, L. (2026) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.70116 · Cited by 2
Oshima, M., Gosho, M., Iwagami, M., Sugawara, Y., Nagasu, H., Kuwabara, T., Sofue, T., Nakagawa, N., & Miyamoto, Y. (2026) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-026-02835-8 · Cited by 2
Draicchio, F., Hausser, J., Sharafi, M., Grier-Welch, A., Vance, A., Alamdari, N., Futterman, I. D., Chudnoff, S. G., Malysheva, O., Caudill, M. A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1679067 · Cited by 2
Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial: Project Support Positive Parenting Module Following Sexual Abuse
Rancher, C. E., McDonald, R., Cook, K., & Jouriles, E. N. (2023) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315231212195 · Cited by 2
Tawil, A. A., McGrath, S., Ristl, R., & Mansmann, U. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02437-6 · Cited by 2
Zhang, H., Zhang, T., Zheng, Z., Gao, J., Gao, B., Hou, L., Zhao, J., Wang, L., Dong, H., & Lei, C. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086392 · Cited by 2
Examining Trustworthiness of LLM-as-a-Judge Systems in a Clinical Trial Design Benchmark
Curran, C., Neehal, N., Murugesan, K., & Bennett, K. P. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825592 · Cited by 2
Altinger, G., Jones, C. M. P., Ferreira, G. E., Soon, J., Hoffmann, T., Maher, C. G., Chang, J. R., Linder, J. A., & Traeger, A. C. (2025) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2025-018793 · Cited by 2
Letter to the article by Nagata et al.
Kodaira, A., Imai, E., & Kataoka, Y. (2025) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-025-03565-z · Cited by 2
Kilkenny, M. F., Olaiya, M. T., Cameron, J., Lannin, N. A., Andrew, N. E., Thrift, A. G., Hackett, M. L., Kneebone, I., Drummond, A. E., Thijs, V., et al. (2024) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07864-2 · Cited by 1
Ganann, R., Phillips, S. M., Neil‐Sztramko, S., Fisher, K., Alvarez, E., Kuspinar, A., Newbold, K. B., Moore, C., MacNeil, M., Keller, H., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1555222 · Cited by 1
Yang, X., Li, Z., Liu, X., Xu, T., Fu, Y., Duan, S., Deng, Q., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Jiang, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijms.111214 · Cited by 1
Kiliç, B., Biermans, M. C. J., Bots, M. L., van der Wel, M., de Grauw, W. J. C., Rutten, F. H., & Hollander, M. (2025) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-025-02885-z · Cited by 1
Mahmud, A., Brown, M. C., Lewis, C. C., Ornelas, I. J., Pardee, R., Mun, S., Piccorelli, A., Westbrook, E. O., Haan, H. D., & Wong, E. S. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13303-6 · Cited by 1
af Geijerstam, P., Johansson, E., Fägerstam, S., Wu, J. H. Y., Ghafouri, B., Karlsson, K., Hebib, L., Kastbom, L., Wennberg, P., Hedov, E. G., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-110141 · Cited by 1
Hiscock, H., Moore, C. L., Khano, S., Sanci, L. A., Dalziel, K., Freed, G. L., Boyle, D. I., Meyers-Morris, T., Liaw, S., Le, J., et al. (2025) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.70115 · Cited by 1
Ridhuwan, A. M. A. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.64531/0ttn8p96 · Cited by 1
Khoo, J., Leong, A. T., Kumar, R., Moh, L. N., Min, L. S., Sing, L. P., Jia, L. W., Leng, L. L., Jiuen, O. L., Ong, Z. Q., et al. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-026-09655-x · Cited by 1
Cattadori, G., Pedretti, R. F. E., Braga, S. S., Maglio, G. M., Mancino, M., Staine, T., Mondaini, S., Eramo, L., Pellegrini, V., Grotta, R. L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15072573 · Cited by 1
Valente, P. K., Fisher, C. B., Biello, K. B., Mimiaga, M. J., O'Connor, G., Pellegrino, N., Knopf, A., & Brown, B. J. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2026.02.020 · Cited by 1
Exercise Effect on Cerebral Artery Hemodynamic and Morphology in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Trial
Gunda, S. T., Chen, Z., Yip, J. H.-Y., Ng, V., Han, X., Qu, J., Chen, X., Ying, M. T.-C., & Pang, M. Y. C. (2026) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cns.70942 · Cited by 1
Mok, Y., Foong, J. W., Wong, H. S., Shih‐Yen, E. C., Hassan, N. B., Klainin‐Yobas, P., Soh, L. C., Soh, A., Tan, S. H., Koh, X. H., et al. (2026) · Respirology · doi:10.1002/resp.70277 · Cited by 1
CORRELATION OF PAIN AND AGITATION IN INTUBATED PATIENTS IN HAJI ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL ICU
Syakur, M., Hamdi, T., & Lubis, A. P. (2024) · Jurnal Anestesi Perioperatif · doi:10.15851/jap.v12n1.3702 · Cited by 1
Gómez, L. F., Kinnee, E., Kaufman, J. D., Young, M. T., Fitzpatrick, A. M., Phipatanakul, W., Mauger, D. T., McClure, L. A., Bilal, U., Holguín, F., et al. (2024) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107853 · Cited by 1
Tanaka, T., Lentine, K. L., Shi, Q., Weg, M. W. V., & Axelrod, D. A. (2023) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000004774 · Cited by 1
Andersen, L. W., Holmberg, M. J. J., Granfeldt, A., Stankovic, N., Høybye, M., Folke, F., & Caulley, L. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.08.01.23293407 · Cited by 1
Self-citationStatistical Gems and Cautions From the Statistical Advisory Board of Clinical Oral Implants Research
Pannuti, C. M., da Silva, H. D. P., Su, N., Li, K. Y., & Heitz‐Mayfield, L. J. A. (2025) · Clinical Oral Implants Research · doi:10.1111/clr.70033 · Cited by 1
Effects of heatwrap and exercise in acute low back pain: a multi-arm randomised controlled trialPreprint
Côté‐Picard, C., Tittley, J., Mailloux, C., Desgagnés, A., Perreault, K., Mercier, C., Dionne, C. E., Roy, J., & Massé‐Alarie, H. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.09.07.25335260 · Cited by 1
Limitations of the PREHAB Randomized Clinical Trial
van Klei, W. A., van Waes, J. A. R., & Hollmann, M. W. (2023) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.3755
Khairnar, M., Kumar, P. G. N., Kusumakar, A., Akram, Z., Sabharwal, H., & Jadhav, S. (2023) · Indian Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_766_22
Gómez, L. F., Clougherty, J. E., Holguín, F., Kinnee, E., Kaufman, J. D., Young, M. T., Fitzpatrick, A. M., Phipatanakul, W., Mauger, D. T., McClure, L. A., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4784559
Vasopressors in obstetrics: guidelines and good practice
Hasanin, A. M., Zaki, R. M., & Mostafa, M. M. A. (2024) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-024-03379-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Holmberg, M. J., & Andersen, L. W.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Andersen, Lars W.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2022-12-06
- Volume
- 328
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2155
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4309183852
- Cited by
- 161
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 21
- FWCI
- 19.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- baseline characteristics, adjustment, randomized controlled trials, covariate adjustment, treatment effect estimation, confounding
- MeSH terms
- Research Design, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review