Prior Alcohol Consumption and Mortality Following Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

CONTEXT: Studies have found that individuals who consume 1 alcoholic drink every 1 to 2 days have a lower risk of a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than abstainers or heavy drinkers, but the effect of prior drinking on mortality after AMI is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of prior alcohol consumption on long-term mortality among early survivors of AMI. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective inception cohort study conducted at 45 US community and tertiary care hospitals between August 1989 and September 1994, with a median follow-up of 3.8 years. PATIENTS: A total of 1913 adults hospitalized with AMI between 1989 and 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality, compared by self-reported average weekly consumption of beer, wine, and liquor during the year prior to AMI. RESULTS: Of the 1913 patients, 896 (47%) abstained from alcohol, 696 (36%) consumed less than 7 alcoholic drinks/wk, and 321 (17%) consumed 7 or more alcoholic drinks/wk. Compared with abstainers, patients who consumed less than 7 drinks/wk had a lower all-cause mortality rate (3.4 vs 6.3 deaths per 100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.71) as did those who consumed 7 or more drinks/wk (2.4 vs 6.3 deaths per 100 person-years; HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.25-0.55; P<.001 for trend). After adjusting for propensity to drink and other potential confounders, increasing alcohol consumption remained predictive of lower mortality for less than 7 drinks/wk, with an adjusted HR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.60-1.03), and for 7 or more drinks/wk, with an adjusted HR of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.45-1.05; P =.01 for trend). The association was similar for total and cardiovascular mortality, among both men and women, and among different types of alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: Self-reported moderate alcohol consumption in the year prior to AMI is associated with reduced mortality following infarction.