The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Preschool Children
Abstract
CONTEXT: Prevalence rates of autism-spectrum disorders are uncertain, and speculation that their incidence is increasing continues to cause concern. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) in a geographically defined population of preschool children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Survey conducted July 1998 to June 1999 in Staffordshire, England. The area's 15 500 children aged 2.5 to 6.5 years were screened for developmental problems. Children with symptoms suggestive of a PDD were intensively assessed by a multidisciplinary team, which conducted standardized diagnostic interviews and administered psychometric tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence estimates for subtypes of PDDs. RESULTS: A total of 97 children (79.4% male) were confirmed to have a PDD. The prevalence of PDDs was estimated to be 62.6 (95% confidence interval, 50.8-76.3) per 10 000 children. Prevalences were 16.8 per 10 000 for autistic disorder and 45.8 per 10 000 for other PDDs. The mean age at diagnosis was 41 months, and 81% were originally referred by health visitors (nurse specialists). Of the 97 children with a PDD, 25.8% had some degree of mental retardation and 9.3% had an associated medical condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that rates of PDD are higher than previously reported. Methodological limitations in existing epidemiological investigations preclude interpretation of recent high rates as indicative of increased incidence of these disorders although this hypothesis requires further rigorous testing. Attention is nevertheless drawn to the important needs of a substantial minority of preschool children.
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In the citing paper
“Our literature search identified prevalence data for eight countries [17,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“While previous prevalence studies identified less than 10 in 10,000 individuals [17], recent estimates suggest rates of 90 to 250 in 10,000 individuals [1,18,19,20].”
From Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“Children of parents who were first concerned with a potential medical problem (e.g. seizures) versus a developmental or autism-specific problem were also diagnosed later [9].”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Three studies found that visiting a greater number of physicians [9 and 13] or professionals [14] prior to diagnosis was associated with later age at diagnosis.”
From Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
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Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520
Wing, L., & Gould, J. (1979) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01531288 · Cited by 2,587
Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028099 · Cited by 2,461
Autism diagnostic interview: A standardized investigator-based instrument
Le Couteur, A., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Rios, P., Robertson, S., Holdgrafer, M., & McLennan, J. (1989) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02212936 · Cited by 1,036
The Screening and Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., Gordon, B., Gravel, J. S., Johnson, C. P., Kallen, R. J., Levy, S. E., et al. (1999) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1021943802493 · Cited by 1,016
The epidemiology of autism: a review
FOMBONNE, E. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799008508 · Cited by 981
On various intraclass correlation reliability coefficients.
Bartko, J. J. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.5.762 · Cited by 830
A Screening Instrument for Autism at 18 Months of Age: A 6-Year Follow-up Study
BAIRD, G., CHARMAN, T., BARON-COHEN, S., COX, A., SWETTENHAM, J., WHEELWRIGHT, S., & DREW, A. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007 · Cited by 804
Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism
GIACOMO, A. D., & Fombonne, E. J. (1998) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050058 · Cited by 596
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.013 · Cited by 2,804
Global Prevalence of Autism and Other Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., Montiel‐Nava, C., Patel, V., Paula, C. S., Wang, C., et al. (2012) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.239 · Cited by 2,636
Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Meldrum, D., & Charman, T. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7 · Cited by 2,104
Identification and Evaluation of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Johnson, C. P., Myers, S. M., & and the Council on Children With Disabilities (2007) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2361 · Cited by 2,011
Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Fombonne, E. (2009) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819e7203 · Cited by 1,971
Metadata
- Authors
- Chakrabarti, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Chakrabarti, Suniti
- ORCID
- Chakrabarti, Suniti
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2001-06-27
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3093
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2071090844
- Cited by
- 1,132
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 76
- FWCI
- 32.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Keywords
- pervasive developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder, prevalence, preschool children, autistic disorder, incidence trends, age at diagnosis, intellectual disability, comorbidities, Staffordshire
- MeSH terms
- Autistic Disorder, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, England, Female, Humans, Male, Intellectual Disability, Prevalence
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