The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 39 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Pelvic floor disorders (urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse) affect many women. No national prevalence estimates derived from the same population-based sample exists for multiple pelvic floor disorders in women in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To provide national prevalence estimates of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional analysis of 1961 nonpregnant women (>or=20 years) who participated in the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US noninstitutionalized population. Women were interviewed in their homes and then underwent standardized physical examinations in a mobile examination center. Urinary incontinence (score of >or=3 on a validated incontinence severity index, constituting moderate to severe leakage), fecal incontinence (at least monthly leakage of solid, liquid, or mucous stool), and pelvic organ prolapse (seeing/feeling a bulge in or outside the vagina) symptoms were assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weighted prevalence estimates of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of at least 1 pelvic floor disorder was 23.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.2%-26.2%), with 15.7% of women (95% CI, 13.2%-18.2%) experiencing urinary incontinence, 9.0% of women (95% CI, 7.3%-10.7%) experiencing fecal incontinence, and 2.9% of women (95% CI, 2.1%-3.7%) experiencing pelvic organ prolapse. The proportion of women reporting at least 1 disorder increased incrementally with age, ranging from 9.7% (95% CI, 7.8%-11.7%) in women between ages 20 and 39 years to 49.7% (95% CI, 40.3%-59.1%) in those aged 80 years or older (P < .001), and parity (12.8% [95% CI, 9.0%-16.6%], 18.4% [95% CI, 12.9%-23.9%], 24.6% [95% CI, 19.5%-29.8%], and 32.4% [95% CI, 27.8%-37.1%] for 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more deliveries, respectively; P < .001). Overweight and obese women were more likely to report at least 1 pelvic floor disorder than normal weight women (26.3% [95% CI, 21.7%-30.9%], 30.4% [95% CI, 25.8%-35.0%], and 15.1% [95% CI, 11.6%-18.7%], respectively; P < .001). We detected no differences in prevalence by racial/ethnic group. CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor disorders affect a substantial proportion of women and increase with age.
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Claims the paper makes
18 Not checked yet · 11 Own result · 8 Own method · 7 Own interpretation · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“9.0% of women (95% CI, 7.3%–10.7%) experiencing fecal incontinence”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“9.0% (95% CI, 7.3%–10.7%) experienced fecal incontinence”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“parity (12.8% [95% CI, 9.0%–16.6%], 18.4% [95% CI, 12.9%–23.9%], 24.6% [95% CI, 19.5%–29.8%], and 32.4% [95% CI, 27.8%–37.1%] for 0, 1, 2, and 3 or more deliveries, respectively; P<.001)”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“parity (12.8% [95% CI, 9.0%–16.6%] for nulliparous women vs 18.4% [95% CI, 12.9%–23.9%], 24.6% [95% CI, 19.5%–29.8%], and 32.4% [95% CI, 27.8%–37.1%] for those women with 1, 2, and ≥3 deliveries, respectively; P<.001)”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although Hispanic women were less likely than white or black women to report fecal incontinence in our study, other studies found no such difference in community-dwelling adults.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We detected no differences in prevalence by racial/ethnic group.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Race/ethnicity and education were not significantly associated with having at least 1 pelvic floor disorder (P = .26 and P = .06, respectively).”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overweight and obese women were more likely to report at least 1 pelvic floor disorder than normal weight women (26.3% [95% CI, 21.7%–30.9%], 30.4% [95% CI, 25.8%–35.0%], and 15.1% [95% CI, 11.6%–18.7%], respectively; P<.001)”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“body mass index (15.1% [95% CI, 11.6%–18.7%] for underweight/normal weight, 26.3% [95% CI, 21.7%–30.9%] for overweight, and 30.4% [95% CI, 25.8%–35.0%] for obese women; P<.001)”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Race/ethnicity and education were not significantly associated with having at least 1 pelvic floor disorder (P = .26 and P = .06, respectively).”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“2.9% of women (95% CI, 2.1%–3.7%) experiencing pelvic organ prolapse”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“2.9% (95% CI, 2.1%–3.7%) experienced symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proportion of women reporting at least 1 disorder increased incrementally with age, ranging from 9.7% (95% CI, 7.8%–11.7%) in women between ages 20 and 39 years to 49.7% (95% CI, 40.3%–59.1%) in those aged 80 years or older (P<.001)”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The proportion of women that reported at least 1 pelvic floor disorder increased with age (9.7% [95% CI, 7.8%–11.7%] in women aged 20 to 39 years, 26.5% [95% CI, 23.0%–29.9%] in women aged 40 to 59 years, 36.8% [95% CI, 32.0%–41.6%] in women aged 60 to 79 years, and 49.7% [95% CI, 40.3%–59.1%] in women aged 80 years or older; P <.001).”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“family poverty income ratio (20.8% [95% CI, 18.1%–23.5%] if >2-fold above the poverty threshold vs 28.8% [95% CI, 21.8%–35.7%] if below the poverty threshold and 29.7% [95% CI, 25.1%–34.3%] if 1–2 × above the poverty threshold; P=.002)”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The finding that both urinary and fecal incontinence increase with age is consistent with the epidemiological literature.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28]
- Not checked yetcites [29]
- Not checked yetcites [30]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 18
- It may state two separate claims as one. 11
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“15.7% of women (95% CI, 13.2%–18.2%) experiencing urinary incontinence”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“15.7% (95% CI, 13.2%–18.2%) experienced urinary incontinence”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The weighted prevalence of at least 1 pelvic floor disorder was 23.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.2%–26.2%)”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Overall, 23.7% (95% CI, 21.2%–26.2%) of women had symptoms of at least 1 pelvic floor disorder.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“published estimates of the prevalence of fecal incontinence in the community range widely, from 2.2%14 up to 24%.15–18”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14]
- Not checked yetcites [15]
- Not checked yetcites [16]
- Not checked yetcites [17]
- Not checked yetcites [18]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“because women typically do not seek care for prolapse until symptoms develop and physicians generally do not offer surgical treatment until symptoms become bothersome, symptom-based prevalence estimates likely represent the best estimate of disease burden on the population.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After eliminating 292 women who were currently pregnant, our final analytic data set comprised 1961 women.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Study Population
plainn = 1,961- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although the sample sizes were adequate to describe prevalence rates by demographic characteristics, they were too small to provide meaningful estimates of adjusted risk factors, including the effect of delivery type on pelvic floor disorders.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using SAS version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina), incorporating the design effect, appropriate sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the complex NHANES sample design.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each NHANES provides national estimates of health status of adults in the United States at the time of the survey by selecting a nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population, by using a complex, stratified, multistage, probability cluster design.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > The 2005–2006 NHANES Program
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The National Centers for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board approved the protocol, and all participants provided written informed consent.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > The 2005–2006 NHANES Program
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Estimates with relative standard errors of more than 30% were considered statistically unreliable and are identified as such (Table).”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Statistical Analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The specificity of vaginal bulge symptoms for predicting prolapse beyond the hymen is high in low-prevalence populations (99%–100%); however, the sensitivity is low (16%–35%), because some women with even advanced prolapse deny symptoms.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [7]
- Not checked yetcites [25]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“We defined fecal incontinence as at least monthly leakage of solid, liquid, or mucous stool, determined by responses on the validated fecal incontinence severity index, which applies a type × frequency matrix to obtain the patient’s perception of symptom severity.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Study Population
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4]
- Not checked yetcites [5]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“We defined symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse as a positive response to the question, “Do you experience bulging or something falling out you can see or feel in the vaginal area?”, which was derived from the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Study Population
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the population of older women increases, the national burden related to pelvic floor disorders in terms of health care costs, lost productivity, and decreased quality of life will be substantial.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“our prevalence estimates are likely underestimates for several reasons: (1) they do not reflect symptoms of women who have undergone successful treatment for pelvic floor disorders; (2) we used conservative definitions; and (3) symptom-based diagnosis underestimates the true prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse diagnosed by physical examination.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 2005–2006 NHANES oversampled persons aged 60 years or older, and black, Mexican American, and low-income white individuals to provide more reliable estimates for these groups.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > The 2005–2006 NHANES Program
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To define urinary incontinence, we used the validated 2-item incontinence severity index, which correlates well with incontinence volume based on pad weights and incontinence frequency obtained on bladder diaries.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > METHODS > Study Population
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2]
- Not checked yetcites [3]
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other studies, including data from NHANES in earlier waves,9–13 concluded that between 25% and 75% of women have urinary incontinence, depending on how the condition is defined.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9]
- Not checked yetcites [10]
- Not checked yetcites [11]
- Not checked yetcites [12]
- Not checked yetcites [13]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In a cross-sectional study of Norwegian women, compared with women with no deliveries,34 the effect of 2 or more deliveries on urinary incontinence was greatest in younger women aged 20 to 34 years (relative risk [RR], 2.8; 95% CI, 2.3–3.3), decreased among women aged 35 to 64 years (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6–2.3), and then, consistent with other literature, was not associated with urinary incontinence”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although national hospital discharge statistics show that black women have lower rates of prolapse surgery than white women,41 this difference cannot be attributed to just race.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41]
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many factors, including access to care, contribute to the decision to undergo surgery, and therefore to surgical prevalence rates.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Population-based epidemiological studies of pelvic organ prolapse are rare, despite the fact that it is a common indication for gynecologic surgery in older women.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because we have no information about treatment for pelvic floor disorders, we cannot comment on whether treatment varies by race/ethnicity in our sample.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“There is no clear consensus about what level of prolapse represents a variation of normal uterovaginal support and what represents disease, although there is growing consensus that prolapse beyond the hymen is more likely to be clinically significant.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22]
- Not checked yetcites [25]
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Up to 75% of women presenting for routine gynecological care demonstrate some prolapse, and 3% to 6% have descent beyond the hymen.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [26]
- Not checked yetcites [27]
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A recent analysis using earlier NHANES data (2001–2004) found a higher prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in white and Mexican American women than black women, but no differences in other incontinence subtypes.”
§ Prevalence of Symptomatic Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Women > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41]
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Before this study, no national prevalence estimates for multiple pelvic floor disorders in US women had been derived from a single population-based sample.
“No national prevalence estimates derived from the same population-based sample exists for multiple pelvic floor disorders in women in the United States.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The national burden of pelvic floor disorders in US women was unknown because no single national population-based survey had assessed the prevalence of the three major disorders.
“because no single national population-based survey has assessed the prevalence of the 3 major pelvic floor disorders in US women, the national burden related to these diseases remains unknown.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“US prevalence estimates indicating that over one-third of parous women experience at least one PFD symptom by midlife”
From Individualized Prediction of Recurrence Following Uterine-Preserving Pelvic Organ Prolapse Repair Using Internally Validated Machine Learning Models (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Citations
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A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence:
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“Up to 75% of women presenting for routine gynecological care demonstrate some prolapse, and 3% to 6% have descent beyond the hymen.(26,27) The specificity of vaginal bulge symptoms for predicting prolapse beyond the hymen is high in low-prevalence populations (99%100%); however, the sensitivity is low (16%-35%), becau…”
Cited by
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“S population, as these disorders become more common with increasing age.(1) It is possible that these changing demographics have resulted in an increase in the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEpidemiology and outcome assessment of pelvic organ prolapse
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“Composition and frequency of leakage was defined by subjects using the FISI(7).”
MethodLong-term Outcomes Following Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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“Autologous use of eMSCs as a therapy for pelvic organ prolapse Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a major hidden disease burden for women, a legacy of vaginal birth for 50% of postmenopausal parous women (Nygaard et al., 2008).”
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EAU Guidelines on Assessment and Nonsurgical Management of Urinary Incontinence
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“There is evidence that the prevalence of both UUI and SUI increases proportionately with rising body mass index [83].”
BackgroundPelvic floor disorders 5-10 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth
Handa, V. L., Blomquist, J. L., Knoepp, L. R., Hoskey, K. A., McDermott, K. C., & Muñoz, A. (2011) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3182267f2f · Cited by 345
Predicting the number of women who will undergo incontinence and prolapse surgery, 2010 to 2050
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Association of Delivery Mode With Pelvic Floor Disorders After Childbirth.
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InfluentialPhysical activity and the pelvic floor
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Self-citationRecognition and management of nonrelaxing pelvic floor dysfunction
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“This concise review is geared toward primary care providers because they are in a position to intervene early, efficiently, and effectively by (1) recognizing the range of symptoms that might suggest a nonrelaxing pelvic floor disorder, (2) educating patients, (3) performing selective tests when needed to confirm the…”
BackgroundEpidemiological trends and future care needs for pelvic floor disorders
Dieter, A. A., Wilkins, M. F., & Wu, J. M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0000000000000200 · Cited by 220
“[1] who estimated the prevalence of urinary incontinence to be 15.”
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The Epidemiology of Pelvic Floor Disorders and Childbirth
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Racial differences in pelvic organ prolapse
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“16 Antibiotic therapy for UTI in the past year 319 (14) 167 (15) 152 (13) .”
Long‐term vaginal ring pessary use: discontinuation rates and adverse events
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Body image perceptions in women with pelvic organ prolapse: a qualitative study
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Epidemiology of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
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“1% in women aged 80 years or older [21].”
BackgroundAdvances in diagnostic assessment of fecal incontinence and dyssynergic defecation
Rao, S. S. C. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.004 · Cited by 143
Nonobstetric Risk Factors for Symptomatic Pelvic Organ Prolapse
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Epidemiology of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women
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“7% of women had symptoms of more than one pelvic floor disorder, including UI, POP, and anal incontinence (AI) [45].”
BackgroundMethodEpidemiology and prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse
Chow, D., & Rodríguez, L. V. (2013) · Current Opinion in Urology · doi:10.1097/mou.0b013e3283619ed0 · Cited by 136
“and standardized criteria, many of the available studies to date use a variety of reporting methodologies including physical exam [8–12], symptom assessment [13], or hospital rates of surgery for POP [14,15] (see Table 1).”
BackgroundLeijonhufvud, Å., Lundholm, C., Cnattingius, S., Granath, F. N., Andolf, E. G., & Altman, D. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.034 · Cited by 138
Local Oestrogen for Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Systematic Review
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“Pelvic floor disorders include stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and together they are estimated to occur in up to 40% of postmenopausal women [6,7].”
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Obesity and pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
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“This strategy was adopted a priori for the following reasons: (1) larger sample size provides higher statistical power for detecting associations; (2) an inclusive strategy allows for greater generalization of the study results; (3) including small and large studies allows for a more meaningful assessment of potential…”
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Knowledge of pelvic floor disorders in women seeking primary care: a cross-sectional study
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Accidental bowel leakage in the mature women’s health study: prevalence and predictors
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Bradley, C. S., Rahn, D. D., Nygaard, I., Barber, M. D., Nager, C. W., Kenton, K. S., Siddiqui, N. Y., Abel, R. B., Spino, C., & Richter, H. E. (2009) · Neurourology and Urodynamics · doi:10.1002/nau.20818 · Cited by 127
“Urinary incontinence (UI) occurs in approximately 16% of adult women.(1) The most common types of UI are stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge urinary incontinence (UUI) or a combination of both (mixed UI).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEconomic Cost of Fecal Incontinence
Xu, X. J., Menees, S. B., Zochowski, M. K., & Fenner, D. E. (2012) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1097/dcr.0b013e31823dfd6d · Cited by 126
“We defined Fi as having at least monthly leakage of solid, liquid, or mucous stool at the time of the survey.(19) to estimate the annual costs of Fi-related care among community-dwelling patients, we excluded respondents who had Fi for less than a year, did not meet our definition for Fi (ie, whose Fi symptoms were mo…”
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“[68] despite sample sizes being adequate to compare prevalence rates by demographic characteristics.”
Backgroundvan Geelen, J. M., Ostergard, D. R., & Sand, P. K. (2018) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3540-z · Cited by 122
Pelvic organ prolapse and sexual function
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Primate pelvic anatomy and implications for birth
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Pelvic floor dysfunction, and effects of pregnancy and mode of delivery on pelvic floor
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Risk Factors for Urinary, Fecal, or Dual Incontinence in the Nursesʼ Health Study
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“This variance is largely attributable to different mean ages of the populations studied with a consistent linear association between advancing age and disease prevalence and significant differences in disease state definitions.(12,13) Despite the wide difference in published prevalence rates, fairly consistent risk fa…”
BackgroundNienhouse, V., Gao, X., Dong, Q., Nelson, D. E., Toh, E. C., McKinley, K., Schreckenberger, P. C., Shibata, N., Fok, C. S., Mueller, E. R., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114185 · Cited by 111
“Approximately one quarter of women experience a pelvic floor disorder during their lifetime, and approximately one in ten women undergo POP/UI surgery annually [4, 5].”
BackgroundRisk Factors for Fecal Incontinence in Older Women
Townsend, M. K., Matthews, C. A., Whitehead, W. E., & Grodstein, F. (2012) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.364 · Cited by 115
“Among 2229 women in NHANES, the prevalence of at least monthly FI was 14% in women age 60–79 and 22% in women aged 80 years and older, which was higher than the rates we observed (11% and 15%, respectively).(6) However, the FI definition in NHANES included leakage of mucus, whereas ours did not.”
ResultPelvic floor injury during vaginal birth is life-altering and preventable: what can we do about it?
DeLancey, J. O. L., Masteling, M., Pipitone, F., LaCross, J., Mastrovito, S., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2024) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.1253 · Cited by 122
Pelvic floor disorders in women with gynecologic malignancies: a systematic review
Ramaseshan, A. S., Felton, J. M., Roque, D. M., Rao, G. G., Shipper, A. G., & Sanses, T. V. D. (2017) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3467-4 · Cited by 108
Pang, H., Zhang, L., Han, S., Li, Z., Gong, J., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Wang, J., Xia, Z., Lang, J., et al. (2021) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.16675 · Cited by 108
Urinary, Fecal, and Dual Incontinence in Older U.S. Adults
Wu, J. M., Matthews, C. A., Vaughan, C. P., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13385 · Cited by 109
“Methodology similar to that used in a previous study using NHANES data from 2005–06 was used to define UI and FI.(1) (Specific questionnaires can be found at http:// www.”
MethodInfluentialBaah-Dwomoh, A., McGuire, J. A., Tan, T., & Vita, R. D. (2016) · Applied Mechanics Reviews · doi:10.1115/1.4034442 · Cited by 105
Costs of ambulatory care related to female pelvic floor disorders in the United States
Sung, V. W., Washington, B. B., & Raker, C. (2010) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.01.015 · Cited by 106
Komesu, Y. M., Schrader, R. M., Ketai, L. H., et al. (2015) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-015-2888-1 · Cited by 102
de Almeida, M. B. A., Barra, A., Saltiel, F., Filho, A. L. D. S., da Fonseca, A. M. R. M., & Figueiredo, E. M. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12546 · Cited by 102
“An ad hoc survey was developed accordingly to a previous population-based study that investigated multiple PFD symptoms in 1961 women (Nygaard et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRemoval or Revision of Vaginal Mesh Used for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Welk, B. K., Al-Hothi, H., & Winick‐Ng, J. (2015) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2015.2590 · Cited by 102
Veit‐Rubin, N., Dubuisson, J., Gayet‐Ageron, A., Lange, S., Éperon, I., & Dubuisson, J. B. (2017) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-017-3327-2 · Cited by 103
Lifetime physical activity and female stress urinary incontinence
Nygaard, I., Shaw, J. M., Bardsley, T. R., & Egger, M. J. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.01.044 · Cited by 84
“Similar to others, we found that current leisure activity decreased the odds of SUI.7,34 While a cross-sectional study is unable to differentiate whether women exercise because they are not incontinent or whether regular exercise prevents incontinence, Danforth et al,8 in a prospective 12-year analysis of the Nurse’s…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCartwright, R., Kirby, A. C., Tikkinen, K. A. O., Mangera, A., Thiagamoorthy, G., Rajan, P., Pesonen, J. S., Ambrose, C., Gonzalez‐Maffe, J., Bennett, P. R., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2014.08.005 · Cited by 101
“F umbrella term including urinary incontinence, bladder storage symptoms, and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are highly prevalent.(1,2) Almost one quarter of adult women report at least one clinically meaningful pelvic floor disorder,(1,3) with frequent overlap between conditions.”
BackgroundMack, I., Hahn, H., Gödel, C., Enck, P., & Bharucha, A. E. (2023) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.004 · Cited by 107
Impact of vaginal parity and aging on the architectural design of pelvic floor muscles
Alperin, M., Cook, M. S., Tuttle, L. J., Esparza, M. C., & Lieber, R. L. (2016) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.033 · Cited by 96
An update on the current and future demand for care of pelvic floor disorders in the United States
Kirby, A. C., Luber, K. M., & Menefee, S. A. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.09.011 · Cited by 97
Urinary incontinence in physically active women and female athletes
Goldstick, O., & Constantini, N. (2013) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091880 · Cited by 98
Clustering of pelvic floor disorders 20 years after one vaginal or one cesarean birth
Gyhagen, M., Åkervall, S., & Milsom, I. (2015) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-015-2663-3 · Cited by 94
“According to the present study and earlier reports, the prevalence of co-occurring PFDs is high and increases with age [9, 10], parity, and BMI [4, 9, 10].”
BackgroundPelvic Floor Failure: MR Imaging Evaluation of Anatomic and Functional Abnormalities
Bitti, G., Argiolas, G. M., Ballicu, N., Caddeo, E., Cecconi, M., Demurtas, G., Matta, G., Peltz, M. T., Secci, S., & Siotto, P. (2014) · Radiographics · doi:10.1148/rg.342125050 · Cited by 95
Islam, R. M., Oldroyd, J. C., Rana, J., Romero, L., & Karim, M. N. (2019) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-019-03992-z · Cited by 88
The obstetrical dilemma hypothesis: there's life in the old dog yet
Haeusler, M., Grunstra, N. D. S., Martin, R. D., Krenn, V. A., Fornai, C., & Webb, N. M. (2021) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12744 · Cited by 91
Knowledge of pelvic floor disorders in a population of community-dwelling women
Mandimika, C. L., Murk, W. K., McPencow, A. M., Lake, A. G., Wedderburn, T. S., Collier, C., Connell, K. A., & Guess, M. K. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.011 · Cited by 87
Pelvic floor disorders: linking genetic risk factors to biochemical changes
Campeau, L., Gorbachinsky, I., Badlani, G. H., & Andersson, K. E. (2011) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10385.x · Cited by 87
Prevalence, risk factors and severity of symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse among Emirati women
Elbiss, H. M., Osman, N., & Hammad, F. T. (2015) · BMC Urology · doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0062-1 · Cited by 70
“POP is associated with several risk factors such as multiparity and macrosomia [2, 3, 9].”
BackgroundLevack, M. M., Savitt, L. R., Berger, D. L., et al. (2011) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1097/dcr.0b013e31823907a9 · Cited by 88
“For example, our study utilized the same instrument—the FISI—as did the 2005 to 2007 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey by the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network.23 Whereas the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey documented that the average monthly fecal incontinence among women was 9.0%, ou…”
MethodInfluentialFactors Associated With Care Seeking Among Women With Accidental Bowel Leakage
Brown, H. W., Wexner, S. D., & Lukacz, E. S. (2013) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0b013e31828016d3 · Cited by 84
Vitamin D and Pelvic Floor Disorders in Women
Badalian, S. S., & Rosenbaum, P. F. (2010) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181d34806 · Cited by 85
Pelvic floor disorders following vaginal or cesarean delivery
Memon, H., & Handa, V. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e328357628b · Cited by 86
“Specifically, these disorders are more prevalent among women who have delivered at least one child [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialKnowledge of pelvic floor problems: a study of third trimester, primiparous women
O'Neill, A. T., Hockey, J. S., O’Brien, P., Williams, A. C. D. C., Morris, T. P., Khan, T. M., Hardwick, E., & Yoong, W. (2016) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-016-3087-4 · Cited by 65
Caffeine and urinary incontinence in US women
Gleason, J. L., Richter, H. E., Redden, D. T., Goode, P. S., Burgio, K. L., & Markland, A. D. (2012) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-012-1829-5 · Cited by 88
Coexistence of constipation and incontinence in children and adults
Nurko, S., & Scott, S. M. (2011) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2010.12.002 · Cited by 85
Clemons, J. L., Weinstein, M. M., Guess, M. K., Alperin, M., Moalli, P., Gregory, W. T., Lukacz, E. S., Sung, V. W., Chen, B. H., & Bradley, C. S. (2013) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0b013e31829099c1 · Cited by 84
Validation of a global pelvic floor symptom bother questionnaire
Peterson, T. V., Karp, D. R., Aguilar, V. C., & Davila, G. W. (2010) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-010-1148-7 · Cited by 80
Onset and Risk Factors for Fecal Incontinence in a US Community
Rey, E., Choung, R. S., Schleck, C. D., Zinsmeister, A. R., Locke, R. G., & Talley, N. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.594 · Cited by 83
“This estimate is in agreement with several cross-sectional population-based surveys (1,23,28,42), and specifically with the 12.”
BackgroundResultThe female pelvic floor through midlife and aging
Mannella, P., Palla, G., Bellini, M., & Simoncini, T. (2013) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.08.008 · Cited by 84
“2% [5].”
Sánchez-Sánchez, B., Torres-Lacomba, M., Yuste-Sánchez, M. J., Navarro-Brazález, B., Pacheco‐da‐Costa, S., Gutiérrez-Ortega, C., & Goñí, Á. Z. (2013) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.07.006 · Cited by 84
“9% POP [2].”
The Emotional Burden of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women Seeking Treatment
Ghetti, C. C., Skoczylas, L. C., Oliphant, S. S., Nikolajski, C., & Lowder, J. L. (2015) · Urogynecology · doi:10.1097/spv.0000000000000190 · Cited by 77
“Transcript analysis revealed the following 3 main themes related to women's emotional experiences: (1) emotions associated with the condition of prolapse, (2) communicating emotions related to prolapse, and (3) emotions relating to treatment.”
BackgroundRatner, E., Erekson, E. A., Minkin, M. J., & Foran-Tuller, K. A. (2011) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.07.015 · Cited by 82
Degree of bother from pelvic floor dysfunction in women one year after first delivery
Lipschuetz, M., Cohen, S. M., Liebergall‐Wischnitzer, M., et al. (2015) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.05.015 · Cited by 81
Metadata
- Authors
- Nygaard, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nygaard, Ingrid
- ORCID
- Nygaard, Ingrid
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-09-17
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1311
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC2918416
- OpenAlex
- W1981272273
- Cited by
- 1,869
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 96 · 2025: 126 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 109 · 2022: 139 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 124 · 2017: 130 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 110 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 70
- FWCI
- 42.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (U10 HD41267, U10 HD54215, U10 HD41261, U10 HD54214)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Office of Research on Women's Health (U10 HD41261, U10 HD41267, U10 HD54215, U10 HD54136, U10 HD41250, U01 HD41249, U10 HD54214)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U10 HD 54215, U10 HD41267, U10 HD41261, U10 HD41269, U10HD041268, U10 HD 41268, U10HD41248, U01-HD41249, U10 HD 54214, U10HD041261, U10HD054136, U10HD054214, U10 HD 41250, U01HD041249, U10HD054215, U10HD041263, U10 HD 54136, U10HD041267, U10HD041248, U10HD041269, U10HD041250, U10 HD 41263, UG1HD041267)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Keywords
- pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, prevalence, women's health, age differences, parity, NHANES, Incontinence Severity Index, vaginal bulge, American women, population survey, health disparities, health care utilization, health care costs, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Fecal Incontinence, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, United States, Urinary Incontinence, Uterine Prolapse, Pelvic Floor, Rectocele
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