The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Randomized Clinical Trial of 3 Types of Physical Exercise for Patients With Parkinson Disease
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of treadmill exercises and stretching and resistance exercises in improving gait speed, strength, and fitness for patients with Parkinson disease. DESIGN: A comparative, prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial of 3 types of physical exercise. SETTING: The Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center at the University of Maryland and the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center. PATIENTS: A total of 67 patients with Parkinson disease who had gait impairment were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 arms of the trial. INTERVENTIONS; (1) A higher-intensity treadmill exercise (30 minutes at 70%-80% of heart rate reserve), (2) a lower-intensity treadmill exercise (50 minutes at 40%-50% of heart rate reserve), and (3) stretching and resistance exercises (2 sets of 10 repetitions on each leg on 3 resistance machines [leg press, leg extension, and curl]). These exercises were performed 3 times a week for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were gait speed (6-minute walk), cardiovascular fitness (peak oxygen consumption per unit time [$$ VO2], and muscle strength (1-repetition maximum strength). RESULTS: All 3 types of physical exercise improved distance on the 6-minute walk: lower-intensity treadmill exercise (12% increase; P=.001), stretching and resistance exercises (9% increase; P<.02), and higher-intensity treadmill exercise (6% increase; P=.07), with no between-group differences. Both treadmill exercises improved peak $$ VO2 (7%-8% increase; P<.05) more than did the stretching and resistance exercises. Only stretching and resistance improved muscle strength (16% increase; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of exercise were seen across all 3 exercise groups. The lower-intensity treadmill exercise resulted in the greatest improvement in gait speed. Both the higher- and lower-intensity treadmill exercises improved cardiovascular fitness. Only the stretching and resistance exercises improved muscle strength. Therefore, exercise can improve gait speed, muscle strength, and fitness for patients with Parkinson disease. The combination of treadmill and resistance exercises may result in greater benefit and requires further investigation.
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“Studies have reported similar improvements in gait speed and stride length (Pohl et al., 2003) and aerobic capacity (Ridgel et al., 2009; Shulman et al., 2013) for high-intensity (80% of maximum capacity) and low-intensity (50% of maximum capacity) training programs.”
From Perception of Physical Demand, Mental Demand, and Performance: A Comparison of Two Voice Interventions for Parkinson's Disease (2022) · cites this paper as Shulman et al., 2013
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shulman, L. M., Katzel, L. I., Ivey, F. M., Sorkin, J. D., Favors, K., Anderson, K. E., Smith, B. A., Reich, S. G., Weiner, W. J., & Macko, R. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shulman, Lisa M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2013-02-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183
- ISSN
- 2168-6149 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4574905
- OpenAlex
- W2124808208
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16
- FWCI
- 50.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000219, R01AG034161, P30AG028747)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL095136, K30HL004518)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK090401)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR057967)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, physical activity, treadmill exercise, resistance training, stretching, walking speed, cardiorespiratory fitness, peak oxygen uptake, muscle strength, exercise intensity, 6-minute walk test
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Electrocardiography, Exercise Test, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Prospective Studies, Exercise, Single-Blind Method, Muscle Stretching Exercises, Resistance Training
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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