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Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurofilament Light Concentration With Alzheimer Disease Progression
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: The extent to which large-caliber axonal degeneration contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD) progression is unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NFL) concentration is a general marker of damage to large-caliber myelinated axons. OBJECTIVE: To test whether CSF NFL concentration is associated with cognitive decline and imaging evidence of neurodegeneration and white matter change in AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A commercially available immunoassay was used to analyze CSF NFL concentration in a cohort of patients with AD (n = 95) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 192) and in cognitively normal individuals (n = 110) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The study dates were January 2005 to December 2007. The NFL analysis was performed in November 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Correlation was investigated among baseline CSF NFL concentration and longitudinal cognitive impairment, white matter change, and regional brain atrophy within each diagnostic group. RESULTS: Cerebrospinal fluid NFL concentration (median [interquartile range]) was higher in the AD dementia group (1479 [1134-1842] pg/mL), stable MCI group (no progression to AD during follow-up; 1182 [923-1687] pg/mL), and progressive MCI group (MCI with progression to AD dementia during follow-up; 1336 [1061-1693] pg/mL) compared with control participants (1047 [809-1265] pg/mL) (P < .001 for all) and in the AD dementia group compared with the stable MCI group (P = .01). In the MCI group, a higher CSF NFL concentration was associated with faster brain atrophy over time as measured by changes in whole-brain volume (β = -4177, P = .003), ventricular volume (β = 1835, P < .001), and hippocampus volume (β = -54.22, P < .001); faster disease progression as reflected by decreased Mini-Mental State Examination scores (β = -1.077, P < .001) and increased Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale scores (β = 2.30, P < .001); and faster white matter intensity change (β = 598.7, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Cerebrospinal fluid NFL concentration is increased by the early clinical stage of AD and is associated with cognitive deterioration and structural brain changes over time. This finding corroborates the contention that degeneration of large-caliber axons is an important feature of AD neurodegeneration.
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“CSF neurogranin is presumed to measure synaptic degeneration and loss [170,171], and neurofilament light chain [172] is presumed to measure axonal injury.”
From NIA‐AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer's disease (2018) · cites this paper as [172]
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“Furthermore, several studies describe association between cognitive impairment and increased CSF (Zetterberg et al., 2016) and plasma NFL (Lin et al., 2018) in AD.”
From Disrupted structural connectivity in ArcAβ mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis (2020) · cites this paper as Zetterberg et al., 2016
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Inflammatory pathway analytes predicting rapid cognitive decline in MCI stage of Alzheimer’s disease
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“32,33 Higher CSF NFL can be found in PWH despite virological suppression compared to PWOH when matched for life-style factors.”
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“AD: Correlates with degeneration (76); increase with dementia, decline, atrophy (74,77).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFan, Z., Liu, X., Liu, J., Chen, C., & Zhou, M. (2023) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2204085 · Cited by 32
“Axonal integrity and transport are directly associatedwith the degree of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration [51].”
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“This is supported by the strong correlation between CSF IFNα and CSF NFL, an established marker of injury to large caliber myelinated axons in HIV and other CNS diseases (Peterson et al. 2014; Skillback et al. 2014; Zetterberg et al. 2016).”
Self-citationAxonal swellings and spheroids: a new insight into the pathology of neurocysticercosis
Maza, A. M., Carmen‐Orozco, R. P., Carter, E. C., Dávila‐Villacorta, D. G., Castillo, G., Morales, J. D., Javier Mamani, P., Gavidia, C. M., Alroy, J., Sterling, C. R., et al. (2018) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12669 · Cited by 33
“Interestingly, increased levels of neurofilaments have been found in the CSF of patients with multiple neurodegenerative diseases and are thought to correspond to axonal damage (15,30,43).”
Hviid, C. V. B., Gyldenholm, T., Lauridsen, S. V., Hjort, N., Hvas, A., & Parkner, T. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-0532 · Cited by 32
Liu, D., Chen, J., Wang, X.-Y., Xin, J., Cao, R., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104813 · Cited by 33
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“…sheath (Dean et al., 2017; Kaya et al., 2020; Marin et al., 2016; van Westen et al., 2016), other studies indicated that Aβ deposits were not correlated with the loss of axons or the myelin sheath (Adalbert et al., 2009; McAleese et al., 2015; Rutten- Jacobs et al., 2011; Zetterberg et al., 2016).”
BackgroundA critical appraisal of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
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Neurofilament light is a treatment‐responsive biomarker in CLN2 disease
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“WMH volume was positively correlated with baseline and longitudinal CSF and plasma NfL levels in AD, MCI [46,54], and SCD [52] patients.”
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Self-citationClinical Use of Improved Diagnostic Testing for Detection of Prion Disease
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MethodIn vivo Detection of Alzheimer's Disease.
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“It is robustly elevated in many neurodegenerative diseases [48], appears to be relatively independent of amyloid and tau levels [8,36,51], and correlates with symptomology, progression, and survival [51,52].”
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“Furthermore, levels of CSF or plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) are strongly associated with the progression of AD, and NfL concentration in CSF can reliably predict brain atrophy and cognition in AD [53–55].”
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“CSF NFL levels (a marker of axonal injury) are elevated in AD and predict faster disease progression (Zetterberg et al., 2016).”
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“Indeed, NFL (CSF and blood) showed a good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating AD and FTD from healthy controls (Table 3) [128,129,131,208,221,222].”
BackgroundUtility of Plasma Neurofilament Light in the 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC)
Barker, W., Quinonez, C., Greig, M. T., Behar, R., Chirinos, C. L., Rodriguez, R. A., Rosselli, M., Rodriguez, M. J., Curiel, R. E., Rundek, T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200901 · Cited by 25
“Using those standards, the current study and prior investigations [3, 5] support a role for NfL in the ATN classification.”
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Blood Neurofilament Levels Predict Cognitive Decline across the Alzheimer’s Disease Continuum
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“38,39 We found significant indirect correlations between levels of plasma NfL and CTVMs.”
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“CSF NfL concentration is increased in early AD and is correlated with cognitive decline and structural brain changes in patients with MCI [44].”
BackgroundMethodMoore, E. E., Gifford, K. A., Khan, O. A., Liu, D., Pechman, K. R., Acosta, L. M. Y., Bell, S. P., Turchan, M., Landman, B. A., Blennow, K., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12087 · Cited by 22
“Samples were analyzed in a single batch using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; Fujirebio, Ghent, Belgium) to measure CSF concentrations of Aβ42 (INNOTEST β-AMYLOID(1-42)), p-tau (INNOTEST PHOSPHO-TAU(181P)), and t-tau (INNOTEST hTAU).”
MethodSelf-citationGleerup, H. S., Sanna, F., Høgh, P., Simrén, J., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Hasselbalch, S. G., Ashton, N. J., & Simonsen, A. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.659898 · Cited by 21
Self-citationCSF biomarkers in patients with epilepsy in Alzheimer’s disease: a nation-wide study
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“Neurofilament light (NfL) reflects axonal degeneration and injury.(7) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reflects astroglial activation or blood–brain barrier dysfunction across a broad range of acute and chronic neurological diseases.”
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“The structural axonal protein neurofilament light (NF-L) is a general CSF biomarker for brain axonal degeneration/injury (Zetterberg et al. 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationReplication study of plasma proteins relating to Alzheimer's pathology
Shi, L., Winchester, L. M., Westwood, S., Baird, A. L., Anand, S. N., Buckley, N. J., Hye, A., Ashton, N. J., Bos, I., Vos, S. J. B., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12322 · Cited by 20
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“In linewith a previous study [13], we report that CSFNFL was significantly higher in pMCI and AD dementia than CN individuals.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialCharacterization of white matter hyperintensities in Down syndrome
Morcillo-Nieto, A. O., Zsadanyi, S. E., Arriola‐Infante, J. E., Carmona‐Iragui, M., Montal, V., Pegueroles, J., Aranha, M. R., Vaqué‐Alcázar, L., Padilla, C., Benejam, B., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.14146 · Cited by 22
“Consistent with previous observations in cognitively normal, 54 MCI, 54,58,59 sporadic AD, 59,60 and ADAD, 61 we found that NfL levels in CSF were associated with WMHs.”
ResultGenome-wide association study identifies two loci influencing plasma neurofilament light levels
Initiative, A. D. N., Li, J., Yuan, X., Li, H., Cao, X., Yu, J., Tan, L., & Chen, W. (2018) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12920-018-0364-8 · Cited by 20
“caliber axons plays an important role in the progression of AD [14].”
Bloniecki, V., Zetterberg, H., Aarsland, D., Vannini, P., Kvartsberg, H., Winblad, B. G., Blennow, K., & Freund‐Levi, Y. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00718-y · Cited by 21
“the areas involved in controlling behavior, such as the hippocampus [47, 48].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPlasma Neurofilament Light (NfL) in Patients Affected by Niemann–Pick Type C Disease (NPCD)
Dardis, A., Pavan, E., Fabris, M., Riol, R. M. D., Sechi, A., Fiumara, A., Santoro, L., Ormazábal, M., Milanič, R., Zampieri, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10204796 · Cited by 18
CSF Biomarkers Predict Gait Outcomes in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Darrow, J. A., Lewis, A., Gulyani, S., Khingelova, K., Rao, A. S., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Luciano, M. G., Yaşar, S., & Moghekar, A. (2022) · Neurology Clinical Practice · doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000001156 · Cited by 18
“Because Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 are part of the core CSF biomarkers for neurodegeneration, these peptides have been extensively reported in iNPH biomarker studies.(5,26)”
BackgroundWu, J., Wu, D., Liang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhuang, L., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029692 · Cited by 19
“[9] Many studies indicate that high levels of pNfL in CSF have been found in different neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia,[10] Alzheimer’s disease (AD),[11] Parkinsonian disorders,[12] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.”
BackgroundKang, M. J., Eratne, D., Dobson, H., Malpas, C. B., Keem, M. H., Lewis, C., Grewal, J. K., Tsoukra, V., Dang, C., Mocellin, R., et al. (2023) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2023.25 · Cited by 17
“NfL was higher in those with MCI compared to patients diagnosed with PSY, consistent with previous literature (Zetterberg et al., 2016; Bridel et al., 2019).”
Self-citationLizama, B. N., North, H. A., Pandey, K., Williams, C., Duong, D., Cho, E., Di Caro, V., Ping, L., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106575 · Cited by 19
Self-citationZarkali, A., Thomas, G. E. C., Paterson, R. W., Hannaway, N., Dobreva, I., Heslegrave, A., Veleva, E., Zetterberg, H., & Weil, R. S. (2025) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.30325 · Cited by 18
“77 In contrast, changes in fi ber cross-section correlate with pathological protein distribution, 50,78 and NfL is a marker of axonal damage 79,80 re fl ecting different mechanisms than white matter hyperintensities.”
Self-citationVickers, J. C., Kirkcaldie, M., Phipps, A. J., & King, A. E. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.012 · Cited by 18
Koivumäki, M., Ekblad, L. L., Lantero‐Rodriguez, J., Ashton, N. J., Karikari, T. K., Helin, S., Parkkola, R. K., Lötjönen, J. M. P., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01477-w · Cited by 18
“In previous studies, plasma NfL has been associated with decreased volumes in the temporal cortex and hippocampal volume in subjects without dementia [63], and CSF NfL to decrease in whole brain and hippocampus volumes [64].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSofou, K., Shahim, P., Tulinius, M., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Mattsson, N., & Darín, N. (2018) · Mitochondrion · doi:10.1016/j.mito.2018.07.002 · Cited by 18
“NF-L increases in patients with mitochondrial disease is in concordance with previous studies of CSF NF-L in axonal degenerative disease such as AD, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and frontotemporal dementia [Zetterberg et al., 2016; Skillback et al., 2014; Magnoni et al., 2012; Tortorella et al.,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationLiu, H.-C., Lin, W., Chiu, M., Lu, C.-H., Lin, C.-Y., & Yang, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234519 · Cited by 18
Association of CSF proteins with tau and amyloid β levels in asymptomatic 70-year-olds
Remnestål, J., Bergström, S., Olofsson, J., Sjöstedt, E., Uhlén, M., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Zettergren, A., Kern, S., Skoog, I. G., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00789-5 · Cited by 17
Self-citationSârbu, M., Fabris, D., Vukelić, Ž., Clemmer, D. E., & Zamfir, A. D. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27030743 · Cited by 17
Neurofilaments in neurologic disorders and beyond
Mak, G. K., Menon, S., & Lu, J. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120380 · Cited by 18
Giuffrè, G. M., Quaranta, D., Costantini, E. M., Citro, S., Martellacci, N., Ninno, G. D., Vita, M. G., Guglielmi, V., Rossini, P. M., Calabresi, P., et al. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106267 · Cited by 18
Zarkali, A., Hannaway, N., McColgan, P., Heslegrave, A., Veleva, E., Laban, R., Zetterberg, H., Lees, A. J., Fox, N. C., & Weil, R. S. (2024) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcae130 · Cited by 18
“25,26 CSF NFL is higher in people with PD with established cognitive impairment, 27 and plasma NFL is increased in people with PD who later developed PD-MCI or PD dementia 28,29(p) .”
Self-citationNovel Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: Plasma Neurofilament Light and Cerebrospinal Fluid
Abukuri, D. N. (2024) · International Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1155/2024/6668159 · Cited by 23
Puerta, R., Cano, A. C., García‐González, P., García‐Gutiérrez, F., Capdevila, M., de Rojas, I., Olivé, C., Blázquez-Folch, J., Sotolongo‐Grau, Ó., Miguel, A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26010286 · Cited by 17
Plotzker, A., Henson, R. L., Fagan, A. M., Morris, J. C., & Day, G. S. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-201299 · Cited by 17
“ΔmRS = change in modified Rankin Scale (from premorbid mRS); ICU = intensive care unit; ARIA-E = amyloid related imaging abnormality (edema); CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; WBC = white blood cells; Aβ = amyloid beta; pTau181 = phosphorylated tau181; NfL = neurofilament light chain J Alzheimers Dis.”
BackgroundInfluentialKang, M. S., Shin, M., Ottoy, J., Aliaga, A., Mathotaarachchi, S. S., Quispialaya, K. M., Pascoal, T. A., Collins, D. L., Chakravarty, M. M., Mathieu, A. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x211035625 · Cited by 17
Self-citationIllustrated Neuropathologic Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Doher, N., Davoudi, V., Magaki, S., Townley, R. A., Haeri, M., & Vinters, H. V. (2023) · Neurology International · doi:10.3390/neurolint15030054 · Cited by 16
Lord, J., Green, R., Choi, S. W., Hübel, C., Aarsland, D., Velayudhan, L., Sham, P. C., Legido‐Quigley, C., Richards, M., Dobson, R., et al. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.010 · Cited by 16
Is liquid biopsy mature enough for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease?
Gong, X., Zhang, H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Fapohunda, F. O., Lü, P., Wang, K., & Tang, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.977999 · Cited by 17
Trautwig, A. N., Fox, E. J., Dammer, E. B., Shantaraman, A., Ping, L., Duong, D. M., Watson, C. M., Wu, F., Asress, S., Guo, Q. J., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00838-9 · Cited by 23
Miller, A.-M., Rutkowska, A., Bahl, J. M. C., Herukka, S., Simmelink, M. J. A., Kruse, N., Mollenhauer, B., Siloaho, M., Skinningsrud, A., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2016) · Bioanalysis · doi:10.4155/bio-2016-0114 · Cited by 16
Self-citationSerum neurofilament levels and patient‐reported outcomes in multiple sclerosis
Galetta, K. M., Deshpande, C. G., Healy, B. C., Glanz, B. I., Ziehn, M. O., Saxena, S., Paul, A., Saleh, F., Collins, M., Gaitan-Walsh, P., et al. (2021) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51305 · Cited by 16
The pathway to secondary prevention of Alzheimer's disease
McDade, E., Bednar, M. M., Brashear, H. R., Miller, D. S., Maruff, P., Randolph, C., Ismail, Z., Carrillo, M. C., Weber, C. J., Bain, L. J., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12069 · Cited by 20
Lim, B., Grøntvedt, G. R., Bathala, P., Kale, S., Campbell, C. T., Stengelin, M. K., Sando, S. B., Prassas, I., Diamandis, E. P., & Bråthen, G. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.013 · Cited by 15
Serum NfL in Alzheimer Dementia: Results of the Prospective Dementia Registry Austria
Kern, D., Khalil, M., Pirpamer, L., Buchmann, A., Hofer, E., Dal‐Bianco, P., Stögmann, E., Scherfler, C., Benke, T., Ransmayr, G. N., et al. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58030433 · Cited by 16
Meda, F. J., Knowles, K., Swift, I. J., Sogorb‐Esteve, A., Rohrer, J. D., Dittrich, A., Skoog, I. G., Kern, S., Becker, B., Blennow, K., et al. (2023) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2022-000395 · Cited by 15
Self-citationde Oliveira, F. F., Miraldo, M. C., de Castro-Neto, E. F., de Almeida, S. S., Matas, S. L. D. A., Bertolucci, P. H. F., & Naffah‐Mazzacoratti, M. D. G. (2023) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-023-02452-5 · Cited by 15
“NfL is a component of the neuronal cytoskeleton that is released into the cerebrospinal fluid when non-specific large-caliber axonal damage ensues associated with aging or neurological diseases, and particularly in dementias with subcortical involvement resulting in disconnection from cortical regions [35]; it may be…”
BackgroundBlood biomarkers for clinical applications in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review
Li, H., & Wang, Z. (2025) · NeuroMarkers. · doi:10.1016/j.neumar.2025.100078 · Cited by 16
Neurofilaments and tau proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in dementias and neuroinflammation
Fialová, L., Bartoš, A., & Švarcová, J. (2017) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2017.038 · Cited by 16
Initiative, A. D. N., Niu, L., Xu, W., Li, J., Tan, C., Cao, X., Yu, J., & Tan, L. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.10.66 · Cited by 14
“They are associated with brain atrophy and could predict hippocampal atrophy rate (5,10,11).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBulgakova, S. V., Иванович, Р. П., Romanchuk, N., Pyatin, V. F., Romanov, D. V., & Volobuev, A. N. (2019) · Bulletin of Science and Practice · doi:10.33619/2414-2948/48/18 · Cited by 14
Krishna, G., Santhoshkumar, R., Sivakumar, P. T., Alladi, S., Mahadevan, A., Dahale, A. B., Arshad, F., & Subramanian, S. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220829 · Cited by 14
“In AD, plasma NfL level correlates strongly with the CSF NfL level and associates with cognitive decline and disease related structural brain changes [21].”
BackgroundTaneva, S. G., Todinova, S. J., & Andreeva, T. D. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241814296 · Cited by 17
Digging into the intrinsic capacity concept: Can it be applied to Alzheimer’s disease?
López‐Ortiz, S., Caruso, G., Emanuele, E., Menéndez, H., Peñín‐Grandes, S., Guerrera, C. S., Caraci, F., Nisticò, R., Lucía, A., Santos‐Lozano, A., et al. (2024) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102574 · Cited by 14
Johansson, L. H., Sacuiu, S. F., Kern, S., Guo, X., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Zettergren, A., & Skoog, I. G. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.013 · Cited by 14
Self-citationElevated serum neurofilament light chain in children autism spectrum disorder: A case control study
He, W., Zhang, X.-J., Zhang, Y.-Q., & Zhang, W. (2020) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2020.06.012 · Cited by 14
Teitsdottir, U. D., Darreh‐Shori, T., Lund, S. H., Jónsdóttir, M. K., Snædal, J., & Petersen, P. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.876019 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Zetterberg, H., Skillbäck, T., Mattsson, N., Trojanowski, J. Q., Portelius, E., Shaw, L. M., Weiner, M. W., Blennow, K., & Initiative, F. T. A. D. N.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zetterberg, Henrik
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-01-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60
- ISSN
- 2168-6149 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5624219
- OpenAlex
- W1934117767
- Cited by
- 487
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 14
- FWCI
- 26.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (U01 AG024904, AG024904)
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (W81XWH-12-2–0012, U01AG024904, AG024904, W81XWH-12-2-)
- National Institutes of Health (5u01ag024904-10, W81XWH-12-2-0012, U01-AG024904, AG024904)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute on Aging (U01-AG-024904, P30AG010129, K01AG030514, P30AG013846, U24AG021886)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- neurofilament light chain, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, mild cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, axonal degeneration, brain atrophy, hippocampal volume, ventriculomegaly, neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, biomarker validation, white matter hyperintensities, amyloid PET, tau PET
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Neurofilament Proteins, Disease Progression, Cognitive Dysfunction
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