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Prevalence, Severity, Exposures, and Treatment Patterns of Tinnitus in the United States
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Tinnitus is a common problem for millions of individuals and can cause substantial negative effects on their quality of life. A large epidemiologic study of tinnitus and its management patterns in the US adult population is lacking. Objectives: To quantify the epidemiologic features and effect of tinnitus and to analyze the management of tinnitus in the United States relative to the 2014 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) clinical practice guidelines. Design, Methods, and Participants: This cross-sectional analysis of the representative 2007 National Health Interview Survey (raw data, 75 764 respondents) identified a weighted national sample of adults (age, ≥18 years) who reported tinnitus in the preceding 12 months. Data were collected in November 2014 at the University of California, Irvine, and Harvard Medical School. Main Outcomes and Measures: In addition to quantifying prevalence, severity, duration, and regularity of tinnitus, specific data regarding noise exposure and tinnitus management patterns during health care visits were analyzed. Results: Among an estimated (SE) 222.1 (3.4) million US adults, 21.4 (3.4) million (9.6% [0.3%]) experienced tinnitus in the past 12 months. Among those who reported tinnitus, 27% had symptoms for longer than 15 years, and 36% had nearly constant symptoms. Higher rates of tinnitus were reported in those with consistent exposure to loud noises at work (odds ratio, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.9-3.7) and during recreational time (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.3-2.9). Years of work-related noise exposure correlated with increasing prevalence of tinnitus (r = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.10-0.16). In terms of subjective severity, 7.2% reported their tinnitus as a big or a very big problem compared with 41.6% who reported it as a small problem. Only 49.4% had discussed their tinnitus with a physician, and medications were the most frequently discussed recommendation (45.4%). Other interventions, such as hearing aids (9.2%), wearable (2.6%) and nonwearable (2.3%) masking devices, and cognitive behavioral therapy (0.2%), were less frequently discussed. Conclusions and Relevance: The prevalence of tinnitus in the United States is approximately 1 in 10 adults. Durations of occupational and leisure time noise exposures correlated with rates of tinnitus and are likely targetable risk factors. Management options suggested by the recently published AAO-HNSF guidelines were followed infrequently.
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“Unfortunately, it is seldomly provided to those with tinnitus due to a lack of professionals with expertise in providing CBT for tinnitus (Bhatt, Lin, & Bhattacharyya, 2016).”
From Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus in Spanish: a global feasibility trial. (2022) · cites this paper as Bhatt, Lin, & Bhattacharyya, 2016
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Kikidis, D., Vassou, E., Markatos, N., Schlee, W., & Iliadou, E. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132896 · Cited by 16
“Hearing loss and tinnitus are highly correlated, since it is estimated that up to 90% of patients experiencing tinnitus suffer from various degrees of hearing loss as well [3].”
Functional impact of bothersome tinnitus on cognitive test performance
Sherlock, L. P., & Brungart, D. S. (2021) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2021.1909760 · Cited by 17
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Psychological Comorbidities of Tinnitus
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Understanding Factors That Cause Tinnitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank
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Role of the caudate-putamen nucleus in sensory gating in induced tinnitus in rats
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“Moreover, 1.5–7% of patients are severely affected by tinnitus, which has negative affect on their life quality (Nondahl et al., 2002; Bhatt et al., 2016), while 97% of patients present varying degrees of hearing loss (Manche et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialWells, H. R. R., Abidin, F. N. Z., Freidin, M. B., Williams, F. M. K., & Dawson, S. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85871-6 · Cited by 18
Strong representationalism and bodily sensations: Reliable causal covariance and biological function
Coninx, S. (2020) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2020.1858476 · Cited by 25
“For example, chronic tinnitus affects, on average, “only” 10% of the population (Bhatt et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHenry, J. A., Piskosz, M., Noreña, A. J., & Fournier, P. (2019) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2019_aja-19-0070 · Cited by 16
Predicting Reduced Tinnitus Burden After Cochlear Implantation in Adults.
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The use of tDCS as a therapeutic option for tinnitus: a systematic review
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Bardy, F., Jacquemin, L., Wong, C. L., Maslin, M. R. D., Purdy, S. C., & Thai-Van, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Audiology and Otology · doi:10.3389/fauot.2023.1302215 · Cited by 14
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“In humans, the prevalence of tinnitus among adults ranges from 5% to 30% (Bhatt, Lin, and Bhattacharyya 2016).”
BackgroundVagus nerve stimulation paired with tones for tinnitus suppression: Effects on voice and hearing
Kochilas, H. L., Cacace, A. T., Arnold, A., Seidman, M. D., & Tarver, W. B. (2020) · Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/lio2.364 · Cited by 14
“Since chronic tinnitus can be debilitating, adversely affect activities of daily living, reduce occupational productiveness, and negatively impact quality-of-life, efforts to alleviate the burden of this condition represents an ongoing goal of human and animal research worldwide.(22-30) Available evidence suggests tha…”
BackgroundLee, D.-H., Kim, Y. S., Chae, H., & Han, K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25576-5 · Cited by 14
“The tinnitus-related question in KNHANES was “Did you ever hear a sound (buzzing, hissing, ringing, humming, roaring, machinery noise) originating in your ear within the past year?” If the answer was “yes,” the participant was required to answer the next question “Does your tinnitus annoy you?” and mark one of the fol…”
BackgroundMarcrum, S. C., Picou, E. M., Steffens, T., Hannemann, R., Vielsmeier, V., Schecklmann, M., Langguth, B., & Schlee, W. (2020) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.020 · Cited by 15
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“It is notably higher among those with hearing impairments (Bhatt et al. 2016) making it a significant comorbidity in individuals with ARHL and NIHL (Jafari et al. 2020a, 2022).”
Aazh, H. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15050526 · Cited by 14
“An epidemiological study analysing data from 75,764 adults estimated that 9.6% of the general population in the United States experienced tinnitus within a 12-month period [150].”
InfluentialMorse, K. V., & Werff, K. R. V. (2023) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.164 · Cited by 15
Makani, P., Thioux, M., Pyott, S., & van Dijk, P. (2022) · Brain Science · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091192 · Cited by 13
Chen, Q., Lv, H., Wang, Z.-D., Wei, X., Liu, J., Zhao, P.-F., Yang, Z.-H., Gong, S., & Wang, Z.-C. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25584 · Cited by 13
Tinnitus and 3-Year Change in Audiometric Hearing Thresholds
Curhan, S., Halpin, C., Wang, M.-L., Eavey, R., & Curhan, G. (2021) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000990 · Cited by 13
Pediatric Ototoxicity: Current Trends and Management
Fligor, B. J. (2019) · Seminars in Hearing · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1684044 · Cited by 23
Tinnitus - current trends and prospects
Kunelskaya, N. L., Levina, Y. G., Викторовна, Б. Е., & Shurpo, V. I. (2019) · Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.17116/otorino20198406154 · Cited by 14
Goshtasbi, K., Tawk, K., Khosravi, P., Abouzari, M., & Djalilian, H. (2024) · Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894241297594 · Cited by 12
Identifying Health-Related Conditions Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults
Bhatt, I., Washnik, N. J., Kingsbury, S., Deshpande, A., Kingsbury, H. A., Bhagavan, S., Michel, K., Dias, R., & Torkamani, A. (2023) · Audiology Research · doi:10.3390/audiolres13040048 · Cited by 12
“These findings are consistent with past studies investigating tinnitus in older adults [5,86,87].”
ResultThe Influence of Diet on Tinnitus Severity: Results of a Large-Scale, Online Survey
Marcrum, S. C., Engelke, M., Goedhart, H., Langguth, B., Schlee, W., Vesala, M., & Simoes, J. P. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14245356 · Cited by 13
Low Sleep Satisfaction Is Related to High Disease Burden in Tinnitus
Weber, F. C., Schlee, W., Langguth, B., Schecklmann, M., Schoisswohl, S., Wetter, T. C., & Simoes, J. P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191711005 · Cited by 13
Henry, J. A., Carlson, K. F., Theodoroff, S. M., & Folmer, R. L. (2022) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00668 · Cited by 16
Clifford, R., & Ryan, A. (2022) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000001222 · Cited by 12
“3% in US populations with similar ages (Bhatt et al. 2016; Nondahl et al. 2011; Shargorodsky et al. 2010).”
BackgroundDietary Fibre Intake and the 10-Year Incidence of Tinnitus in Older Adults
Tang, D., Tran, Y., Shekhawat, G., Burlutsky, G., Mitchell, P., & Gopinath, B. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13114126 · Cited by 12
Hallak, B., Schneider, A., Güntensperger, D., & Schapowal, A. (2021) · Advances in Aging Research · doi:10.4236/aar.2021.102002 · Cited by 15
“Consequently, tinnitus also remains under diagnosed and insufficiently treated [16].”
BackgroundInfluentialTrendowski, M. R., Baedke, J., Sapkota, Y., Travis, L. B., Zhang, X.-D., Charif, O. E., Wheeler, H. E., Leisenring, W., Robison, L., Hudson, M. M., et al. (2020) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.33775 · Cited by 12
Han, K., Mun, S., Sohn, S., Piao, X., Park, I., & Chang, M. Y. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2019.4316 · Cited by 11
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Efficiency of Acupuncture in Tinnitus Patients
Lin, T.-Y., Yang, S., Lee, Y., Wu, P., Young, C., Li, T.-H., & Chou, W.-L. (2019) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2019/1318639 · Cited by 12
“A large epidemiologic study of tinnitus in America showed that approximately 10% of the Americans experienced tinnitus over the past 12 months [5].”
BackgroundMulders, W. H. A. M., Leggett, K. S., Mendis, V., Tarawneh, H. Y., Wong, J. K., & Rodger, J. (2019) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-018-05468-w · Cited by 14
Increased hippocampal GABAergic inhibition after long-term high-intensity sound exposure
Cunha, A. O. S., de Deus, J. L., Ceballos, C. C., & Leão, R. M. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210451 · Cited by 13
Kavanagh, K., Kraman, S., & Kavanagh, S. P. (2018) · Journal of patient safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000534 · Cited by 12
Zarus, G., Ruiz, P., Benedict, R., Brenner, S., Carlson, K., Jeong, L., & Morata, T. C. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12090650 · Cited by 11
“In the U.S., 13.0% of adults have hearing loss, 9.6% experience tinnitus, and 35.4% over the age of 40 suffer from simple postural metric vestibular dysfunction [4–6].”
BackgroundInfluentialDevolder, P., Keppler, H., Keshishzadeh, S., Taghon, B., Dhooge, I., & Verhulst, S. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.01.31.578195 · Cited by 11
“…tinnitus is often reported in cases of age related, noise-induced or ototoxic hearing loss, with sometimes normal hearing thresholds, the link between tinnitus and cochlear synaptopathy is worth considering (Bhatt et al., 2016; Hackenberg et al., 2023; Knipper et al., 2013; Oosterloo et al., 2021).”
BackgroundThe role of obesity, nutrition, and physical activity on tinnitus: A narrative review
Özbey-Yücel, Ü., & Uçar, A. (2023) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2023.100491 · Cited by 11
Effects of acupuncture on the outcome of tinnitus: An overview of systematic reviews
Xu, X., Xie, H., Liu, Z., Guo, T., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1061431 · Cited by 10
“According to the National Health Interview Series, approximately 10% of respondents across the United States said they had experienced tinnitus in the past 12 months, which caused some difficulty in their lives (3).”
BackgroundComparison of two behavioral tests for tinnitus assessment in mice
Fabrizio-Stover, E. M., Nichols, G. A. L., Corcoran, J., Jain, A., Burghard, A., Lee, C. M., & Oliver, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.995422 · Cited by 11
“Subjective tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external stimulus, affects about 10% of American adults (Bhatt et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEvaluation and Management of Tinnitus: Are There Opportunities for Improvement?
Grundfast, K. M., & Jamil, T. L. (2022) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/01945998221088286 · Cited by 11
Psychological Treatment Effects Unrelated to Hair-Cortisol and Hair-BDNF Levels in Chronic Tinnitus
Basso, L., Boecking, B., Neff, P. K. A., Brüeggemann, P., Mazurek, B., & Peters, E. M. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.764368 · Cited by 11
“For the prediction of TQ scores, no significant difference was present between the random intercept and random intercept and slope models, χ(2)(2) = 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLoughran, M. T., Couth, S., Plack, C., & Armitage, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182412879 · Cited by 11
Rodrigo, H., Beukes, E. W., Andersson, G., & Manchaiah, V. K. C. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049384 · Cited by 11
Long‐term high‐intensity sound stimulation inhibits h current ( I h ) in CA 1 pyramidal neurons
Cunha, A. O. S., Ceballos, C. C., de Deus, J. L., & Leão, R. M. (2018) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13954 · Cited by 11
Qualidade de vida em indivíduos portadores de zumbido com e sem perda auditiva
Rocha, G. S. R., Vargas, M. M., & Gomes, M. Z. (2017) · doi:10.1590/1982-021620171965917 · Cited by 11
“Masculino 11(21,2) 3(7,0) 13(39,4) 17(27,9) 44(23,3) Faixa etária 20 a 39 anos (adultos jovens) 25(48,1) 17(39,5) 6(18,2) 4(6,6) 52(27,5)”
InfluentialThe impact of tinnitus on speech perception in noise: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Madhukesh, S., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ganapathy, K., Rajashekhar, B., & Nisha, K. V. (2024) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-024-08844-1 · Cited by 13
“Tinnitus is a common hearing condition affecting 14% of individuals worldwide [1].”
Shehabi, A. M., Prendergast, G., Guest, H., & Plack, C. (2023) · Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00461 · Cited by 10
“…noise exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of tinnitus among workers of different ages and with normal and abnormal hearing levels (J. M. Bhatt et al., 2016; Couth et al., 2019; Dias et al., 2006; Fredriksson et al., 2015; Jafari et al., 2022; Masterson et al., 2016; Phoon et al., 1993;…”
BackgroundLv, H., Liu, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., Gong, S., Ji, J., & Wang, Z. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2023.3241941 · Cited by 8
“account for up to 7% of all patients with tinnitus [2], the sound of silence is a dream out of reach.”
BackgroundThe Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathophysiology of Tinnitus: A Literature Review
Megantara, I., Wikargana, G. L., Dewi, Y. A., Permana, A. D., & Sylviana, N. (2022) · The International Tinnitus Journal · doi:10.5935/0946-5448.20220005 · Cited by 10
“The inclusion criteria are literatures (1) in English; (2) published between January 2016 until December 2021; (3) in the form of full text original article; (4) an experimental study, inclusive of in vivo, in vitro, and human studies; (5) discusses about gut microbiome, gut dysbiosis, gut-brainaxis, neurotransmitter,…”
BackgroundChen, M., Min, S.-Y., Zhang, C., Hu, X., & Li, S.-F. (2021) · Neuromodulation (Malden, Mass.) · doi:10.1111/ner.13506 · Cited by 10
Vestibular Migraine and Tinnitus: A Challenging Narrative
García, A., Madrigal, J., & Bustamante, M. C. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.15998 · Cited by 9
“VM patients with tinnitus present a higher prevalence than those without tinnitus (8-25%) [15].”
BackgroundIncreased risk of tinnitus following a trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis: a one-year follow-up study
Cheng, Y.-F., Xirasagar, S., Yang, T.-H., Wu, C., Kao, Y., Shia, B., & Lin, H. (2020) · The Journal of Headache and Pain · doi:10.1186/s10194-020-01121-6 · Cited by 10
Self-citationPositive experiences related to living with tinnitus: A cross‐sectional survey
Beukes, E. W., Manchaiah, V. K. C., Valien, T. E., Baguley, D., Allen, P. M., & Andersson, G. (2017) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/coa.13002 · Cited by 9
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus in Spanish: a global feasibility trial.
Beukes, E. W., Munzo, M. F., Andersson, G., & Manchaiah, V. (2022) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2021.1971780 · Cited by 8
“Unfortunately, it is seldom provided to those with tinnitus due to a lack of professionals with expertise in providing CBT for tinnitus (Bhatt, Lin, and Bhattacharyya 2016).”
Rodrigo, H., Beukes, E. W., Andersson, G., & Manchaiah, V. (2022) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2022_aja-21-00270 · Cited by 9
Redefining chronic mountain sickness: insights from high-altitude research and clinical experience
Zubieta-Calleja, G. (2024) · Medical Review · doi:10.1515/mr-2024-0036 · Cited by 9
Association between depression and tinnitus in US adults: A nationally representative sample
Lin, X., Liu, Y., Chen, Z., Wei, Y., Lin, J., Chen, C., Lin, W., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/lio2.1134 · Cited by 8
de Gruy, J. A., Hopper, S. J., Kelly, W., Witcher, R., Vu, T.-H. T., & Spankovich, C. (2023) · Journal of american academy of audiology · doi:10.1055/a-2095-7002 · Cited by 9
“37 Our analysis used nonconsecutive cycles to focus on adults 20 to 69 years of age.”
Longitudinal Study of Analgesic Use and Risk of Incident Persistent Tinnitus
Curhan, S. G., Glicksman, J. T., Wang, M., Eavey, R. D., & Curhan, G. C. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07349-5 · Cited by 9
“Tinnitus can be disabling and is one of the most common health conditions in the USA.(36) A wide array of medications have been suggested to trigger or worsen tinnitus, generally at higher doses, and the tinnitus typically resolves after the medication is discontinued.”
BackgroundInfluentialSaberi, A., Nemati, S., Lili, E. K., Esmaeilpour, H., & Panahi, R. (2021) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102898 · Cited by 8
Fluctuations in subjective tinnitus ratings over time: implications for clinical research
Chen, J. X., Whitton, J., Parthasarathy, A., Hancock, K. E., & Polley, D. (2020) · Otology and Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000002759 · Cited by 9
“affects 5 to 15% of the general therapeutic areas such chronic pain Disabling tinnitus population (1,2) and imposes a financial health care burden that reaches as high as 7.”
BackgroundHearing Aids as a Treatment for Tinnitus Patients with Slight to Mild Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Johnson, C. E., Baldwin, J., Barton, K., Mathews, C., Danhauer, J. L., & Kimball, S. H. (2018) · Seminars in Hearing · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1641739 · Cited by 10
“5 million persons in the United States, roughly 15% of the population, report difficulty hearing and about 50 million persons complain of having some degree of tinnitus.(1) Untreated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) may negatively impact patients’ and their families’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL).”
BackgroundSuicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Adults With Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
McCray, L. R., Scharner, M. K., Nguyen, S. A., Rizk, H. G., Meyer, T. A., Labadie, R. F., Uhde, T. W., & Dixon, P. R. (2025) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.32118 · Cited by 36
von Schoenhueb, D. F., Boecking, B., & Mazurek, B. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12216828 · Cited by 11
Yaz, F., Büttner, M., Tekin, A., Bahşi̇, İ., & Topsakal, V. (2023) · The Journal of International Advanced Otology · doi:10.5152/iao.2023.22082 · Cited by 9
Herbal medicines in the treatment of tinnitus: An updated review
Liu, D.-L., Hu, Y., Wang, D.-L., Han, H.-Z., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Ma, X.-L., & Dong, Y.-D. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1037528 · Cited by 8
“) biloba and lipoflavones (Bhatt et al., 2016; Coelho et al., 2016) although these alternative treatments are not endorsed by regulatory bodies such as the American Academy of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNSF) and the European guidelines.”
BackgroundThe Effects of Tinnitus on Significant Others
Beukes, E. W., Ulep, A. J., Andersson, G., & Manchaiah, V. K. C. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11051393 · Cited by 8
Analysis of Gabapentin’s Efficacy in Tinnitus Treatment: A Systematic Review
Tavares, M. P., & Bahmad, F. (2021) · Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894211018921 · Cited by 8
“There are inconsistent results about the efficacy of gabapentin on tinnitus in the following subgroups: (1) patients with hearing loss associated or normal hearing; (2) patients with acoustic trauma evidence; (3) which age group may have better response to gabapentin.”
BackgroundResultQuantifying tinnitus suppression in cochlear implantation using tinnitus interval‐limited tracking
Mallen, J., Chiu, J., Marquis, H., Ottochian, A., Perez, E., Kuo, C.-L., Otto, S., Ryan, T., & Roberts, D. S. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28414 · Cited by 8
“5% have gone to a hospital for treatment.(1,2) Rarely, tinnitus can be so disturbing that it is cited as a cause of suicide.”
BackgroundMartz, E., Chesney, M. A., Livneh, H., Jelleberg, C., Fuller, B. E., & Henry, J. A. (2018) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164956118783659 · Cited by 9
“2% describe their tinnitus as a big or a very big problem.(2) Prevalence estimates by other researchers vary from 2.”
BackgroundGender differentiates effects of acoustic stimulation in patients with tinnitus
Partyka, M., Neff, P. K. A., Bacri, T., Michels, J., Weisz, N., & Schlee, W. (2021) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.010 · Cited by 11
Prevalence and predictors of problematic tinnitus
de Gruy, J. A., Laurenzo, W. W., Vu, T.-H. T., Paul, O., Lee, C. M., & Spankovich, C. (2024) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2024.2378804 · Cited by 7
“Bhatt, Lin, and Bhattacharyya (2016) leveraged data from the NHIS to identify prevalence of tinnitus based on additional factors including severity, duration and constancy.”
InfluentialIntratympanic Gels for Inner Ear Disorders: A Scoping Review of Clinical Trials.
Brotto, D., & Greggio, M. (2024) · Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1002/ohn.656 · Cited by 7
Tan, H. T., Smith, P. F., & Zheng, Y.-W. (2024) · Hearing Research · doi:10.1016/j.heares.2024.108948 · Cited by 7
“Chronic tinnitus affects about 10 % of adults worldwide (Baguley et al., 2013; Bhatt et al., 2016; Henry et al., 2005; Ramage-Morin et al., 2019; Shargorodsky et al., 2010; Wu et al., 2015) and its prevalence increases significantly with age (Baguley et al., 2013; Chang et al., 2019; Wu et al.,…”
BackgroundBhatt, I. S., Lichtenhan, J. T., Tyler, R. S., & Goodman, S. S. (2023) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0019880 · Cited by 8
Jensen, M., Alanis, J. C. G., Hüttenrauch, E., Winther‐Jensen, M., Chavanon, M., Andersson, G., & Weise, C. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad185 · Cited by 6
Potier, M., Gallégo, S., Fournier, P., Marx, M., & Norena, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1141096 · Cited by 7
“, 2010) and is even considered more troublesome than the hearing difficulties by some AHL patients (Chiossoine-Kerdel et al., 2000; Zöger et al., 2001; Van de Heyning et al., 2011; Bhatt et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTinnitus Prevalence and Associated Factors among Dental Clinicians in the United Arab Emirates
Nassar, M., Islam, M. S., D'souza, S., Praveen, M., Masri, M. A., Sauro, S., & Jamleh, A. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021403 · Cited by 7
Marder, K. G., Cho, J. M., Chincanchan, R., Wilson, A. C., Corlier, J., Krantz, D. E., Ginder, N. D., Lee, J. C., Wilke, S. A., Tadayonnejad, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.831832 · Cited by 6
Arnold, M. L., Dhar, S., Lee, D. J., Perreira, K., Pupo, D. A., Tsalatsanis, A., & Sanchez, V. A. (2022) · American Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1044/2021_aja-21-00138 · Cited by 7
Epidemiology and gender differences in pediatric recreational and firearms noise exposure in the USA
Bhatt, J. M., Lin, H. W., & Bhattacharyya, N. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27958 · Cited by 7
“health topics through personal household interviews in the United States since the 1950s.(21,22) In particular, for the first”
BackgroundSelf-citationPerceptual Modeling of Tinnitus Pitch and Loudness
Gault, R., McGinnity, T. M., & Coleman, S. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems · doi:10.1109/tcds.2020.2964841 · Cited by 4
“The values of wmax, σ , and T are bounded by (0, 10), [2, 64], and [1, 100], respectively, with σ and T further constrained to be integers.”
BackgroundEpidemiology of Firearm and Other Noise Exposures in the United States
Bhatt, J. M., Lin, H. W., & Bhattacharyya, N. (2017) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.26540 · Cited by 7
“In addition to occupational noise trauma, highintensity noise exposures also can occur during recreational or leisure time, and can be associated with hearing loss as well as tinnitus.(27) Similarly, in a population-based study, Dalton et al.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationTorralbo, A., Davitte, J., Croteau‐Chonka, D. C., Ytsma, C. R., Tomlinson, C., Fitzpatrick, N. K., Chung, S., Fatemifar, G., Cortés, A., Richardson, T. G., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05838-9 · Cited by 8
Tang, Q.-Q., Gao, S., Wang, C.-M., Guan, Z., Zhang, J., Huang, H.-T., Li, Y.-F., Ma, Y., & Yan, Z. (2023) · Journal of clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.12.019 · Cited by 6
Prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in 9–12-year-old children
Jacquemin, L., van der Poel, N. A., Biot, L., Schollaert, J., Bonné, F., Vanderveken, O., Lammers, M., van Rompaey, V., & Gilles, A. (2023) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-023-07995-x · Cited by 6
“Most studies show a similar prevalence for tinnitus and hyperacusis of approximately 15% in adults [4, 5, 26].”
BackgroundHsieh, J.-J., Nagai, Y., Kumagaya, S., Ayaya, S., & Asada, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.888627 · Cited by 7
“Even in the general population, more than 10% had experienced tinnitus lasting for more than 5 min in the past year (36, 37).”
BackgroundThe International Vocabulary of Tinnitus
Baguley, D., Caimino, C., Gilles, A., & Jacquemin, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.887592 · Cited by 6
“Tinnitus is common auditory experience, estimated at 12–30% of the adult population (Bhatt et al., 2016; Mccormack et al., 2016) (though prevalence estimates vary on the basis of the specific question posed (Mccormack et al.”
BackgroundWei, X., Lv, H., Chen, Q., Wang, Z., Zhao, P., Liu, C., Gong, S., Yang, Z., & Wang, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.709482 · Cited by 4
Maxwell, K. S., Robinson, J. M., Hoffmann, I., Hou, H. J., Searchfield, G. D., Baguley, D. M., McMurry, G., Piu, F., & Anderson, J. J. (2021) · Otology & Neurotology · doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000003369 · Cited by 8
“4 million people suffer from tinnitus) (1).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bhatt, J. M., Lin, H. W., & Bhattacharyya, N.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Harrison W.
- Venue
- JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-10-01
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 959
- ISSN
- 2168-6181 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5812683
- OpenAlex
- W2484672148
- Cited by
- 460
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 19.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001414, KL2TR001416)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- tinnitus, prevalence, tinnitus severity, noise exposure, occupational noise exposure, recreational noise exposure, tinnitus management, physician consultation, hearing aids, cognitive behavioral therapy, National Health Interview Survey, United States adults, health care utilization, health care costs
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Noise, Tinnitus, United States, Prevalence
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