Cited by 342Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

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Age-Related Racial Disparity in Suicide Rates Among US Youths From 2001 Through 2015

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Bridge, Jeffrey A., Horowitz, Lisa M., Fontanella, Cynthia A., Sheftall, Arielle H., Greenhouse, Joel, Kelleher, Kelly J., Campo, John V.·2018·JAMA Pediatrics

DOI 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0399PMC PMC6137506

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Abstract

This study compares age-specific rates of suicide between black and white youths using data from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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“More specifically, Bridge et al. (2018) found that the suicide rate among Black youth younger than 13 years was two times higher than their White peers. Furthermore, in a study by Price and Khubchandani (2019), the rate of suicides increased by 60% and 182%, respectively, for Black males and females during the 2001 to…”
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“Notably, trends in suicide rates among minoritized populations, specifically Black adolescents, have steadily increased over the past two decades (Bridge et al., 2018; Lindsey et al., 2019).”
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Wright, B., Celeste-Villalvir, A., Moorehead, D., Johnson, C., Mendoza, K. L., Bowers, M., & Zima, B. T. (2023) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09611-z · Cited by 6
“Before and during the pandemic, Black and Latinx youth had disproportionately higher risk for mental health challenges, including loneliness and stress compared to White youth (Bridge et al., 2018; Rogers et al., 2021b; Stinson et al., 2021).”
Background
Retrospective evaluation of implementation of caring contacts for youth suicide prevention in an emergency department
Schalley, S., Goldenstein, K. M., Graeve, T., Timmons, Z., Elshami, N., Beidas, R. S., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2024) · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open · doi:10.1002/emp2.13322 · Cited by 4
Understanding Suicide in Our Community through the Lens of the Pediatric ICU: An Epidemiological Review (2011–2017) of One Midwestern City in the US
Kampfschulte, A., Oram, M., Vasco, A. E., Essenmacher, B., Herbig, A., Behere, A. P., Leimanis, M. L., & Rajasekaran, S. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8020059 · Cited by 4
“Though Caucasians have 223 historically had a higher rate of suicide, there is recent data supporting rising rates of suicide in Black 224 children aged 5-14 [23].”
Result
Adolescent firearm suicide risk patterns: A latent class analysis using U.S. National Violent Death Reporting System surveillance data, 2007–2017
Osborne, M. C., Brown, S., Culbreth, R. E., Lai, B. S., & Gilmore, A. K. (2021) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106101 · Cited by 4
Are Social Work Students Being Adequately Prepared to Intervene With Suicide?
Mirick, R. G. (2023) · Advances in Social Work · doi:10.18060/25991 · Cited by 4
Trapped in a Pathological Paradigm: Critiques of Suicidology Scholarship and Practice
Jackson‐Lowman, H., Chioneso, N. A., Utsey, S. O., & Williams, S. C. (2023) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/00957984231169598 · Cited by 4
Integrated behavioral health services in pediatric primary care and emergency department utilization for suicide risk
Wellen, B. C. M., Wright, N. M., Bickford, M. A., Bakken, E. H., & Riley, A. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1241642 · Cited by 4
Informing Equitable Prevention Practices: A Statewide Disaggregated Analysis of Suicide for Ethnoracially Minoritized Adolescents
Richardson, S. C., Williams, J. A., III, Vance, M. M., Phipps-Bennett, M., Stevenson, A. P., & Herbert, R. (2024) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-024-01654-1 · Cited by 4
“Acknowledging that suicide outcomes need to be data-driven as they vary by state, region, and demo-graphics (US DHHS/NAASF, 2021), the need to examine suicide outcomes among adolescents with attention to racial and ethnic group differences is reinforced (Bridge et al., 2018; Lindsey et al., 2019).”
BackgroundResult
Longitudinal trajectories of suicidal ideation among child welfare‐involved 7‐ to 12‐year‐old children
Ayer, L. A., Hassler, G., Ohana, E., Sheftall, A. H., Anderson, N. W., & Griffin, B. A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13999 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Association between rapid opioid reduction or discontinuation and self-harm, suicide attempt, and suicide death among patients receiving high-dose, long-term opioid therapy in North Carolina, 2006-2018
Alam, I. Z., DiPrete, B. L., Pence, B. W., Planey, A. M., Marshall, S. W., Fulcher, N., & Ranapurwala, S. I. (2024) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwae394 · Cited by 4
The Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation in the Relationship Between Anxious Attachment and Suicidal Behavior in Children Admitted to an Emergency Department
Cohen-Bausi, O., Shahnovsky, O., Haruvi-Catalan, L., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Fennig, S., & Barzilay, S. (2025) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-025-01844-0 · Cited by 5
Racial Associations Between Gambling and Suicidal Behaviors Among Black and White Adolescents and Young Adults
Ahuja, M., Werner, K. B., Cunningham‐Williams, R. M., & Bucholz, K. K. (2021) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00374-8 · Cited by 5
Early Childhood Adversity, Stress, and Developmental Pathways of Suicide Risk
Ortin‐Peralta, A., Myruski, S., Rosario‐Williams, B., & Xu, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82465-5_3 · Cited by 5
Medical Education Must Start Teaching About Racism.
Calhoun, A. J. (2021) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4
And so they wait: The other epidemic among United States youth during COVID‐19
Lee, L. K., Stewart, A. M., & Mannix, R. (2021) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.14380 · Cited by 4
Level of behavioral health integration and suicide risk screening results in pediatric ambulatory subspecialty care
Hosoda-Urban, T., Stein, C. R., Mournet, A. M., Largen, K., Wuckovich, M., & Lois, B. H. (2022) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.01.005 · Cited by 4
A Call to Clarify Fuzzy Sets
Berman, A. L., & Silverman, M. M. (2020) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000673 · Cited by 4
Strategies for Teaching Suicide Content in Social Work Education: A Survey of Social Work Instructors
Mirick, R. G. (2023) · Journal of Teaching in Social Work · doi:10.1080/08841233.2023.2207090 · Cited by 3
“…is critically important at a time when rates of suicide for some traditionally marginalized groups continue to rise while White suicide rates have declined (Bray et al., 2021; Bridge et al., 2018; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020; Lindsey et al., 2019; Yard et al., 2021).”
BackgroundInfluential
Youth Suicide and the Evidence Paradox
Neto, N. N. M., & Mendes, J. M. (2026) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.0275 · Cited by 3
Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Inpatient Mental Health Settings
Gallik, C. L., Ramasamy, R., Clifton, R. L., & Al-Mateen, C. S. (2024) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62749-1_4 · Cited by 3
Age-Based Trends in Suicidal Ideation Among Child Welfare System-Involved Youth
Hassler, G. W., Ayer, L. A., Sheftall, A. H., Griffin, B. A., & Ohana, E. (2025) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/10775595241311260 · Cited by 3
“We also expected any age-related trends to be less pronounced in racial/ethnic minority youth, as research has shown younger Black children to be at higher risk for suicide death compared to their White peers (Bridge et al., 2018).”
Self-citation
Temporal Trends in Correlates for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Black High School Students in the United States, 1991–2021
Zhou, X., Wang, X., & Xi, W. (2025) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.70028 · Cited by 4
“Although the overall rate of suicide is lower among Black individuals compared to White individuals, data between 2001 and 2015 indicate that the suicide rate among Black children aged be-tween 5 and 12 years is almost twice that of their White counter-parts (Bridge et al. 2018).”
Black youth suicide is not new: Early contributions, recent advancements, and remaining gaps in the field
Goodwill, J. R. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100480 · Cited by 3
Voices of Youth and Emerging Adults on Suicide Prevention: Experiences and Expectations
Banyard, V. L., Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., & Ybarra, M. L. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01356-6 · Cited by 3
Youth Suicide
Kurtz, B. P., & Levins, B. H. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20220039 · Cited by 3
Latent Profiles of Responding on the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 Subscale Scores by Race/Ethnicity among Juvenile Justice-Involved Boys and Girls
Jaggers, J. W., Modrowski, C. A., Kerig, P. K., Kilshaw, R. E., Cambron, C., & Allen, A. K. (2023) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/15412040231153116 · Cited by 3
Identifying Subgroups of Youth Suicide Decedents Based on Clinical Profiles of Psychiatric and Medical Diagnoses: A Latent Class Analysis
Thompson, A., Henrich, C. C., Steelesmith, D. L., Hughes, J. L., Ruch, D. A., Bridge, J. A., Campo, J. V., & Fontanella, C. A. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.006 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Family-Based Interpersonal Psychotherapy (FB-IPT) for Depressed Preadolescents
Dietz, L. J. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197652084.003.0044 · Cited by 3
Substance Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation in Rural Maryland
Ahuja, M., Jain, M., Mamudu, H. M., Ksir, K. A., Sathiyaseelan, T., Zare, S., Went, N. S., Fernandopulle, P., Schuver, T., Pons, A., et al. (2024) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/24705470241268483 · Cited by 3
Depression Part 2: Treatment
Chokroverty, L. (2024) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2024-006479 · Cited by 3
Drug-related suicidal ideation in the K-12 population: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database
Ju, Y., Liu, Y., Tan, L., & Su, L. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.05.029 · Cited by 3
Does state-level supplemental nutrition assistance program access reduce firearm mortality among black youth? A two-way fixed effects analysis of age-stratified and cause-specific outcomes across 22 states, 2000–2020
Johnson, E. D., Hoge, C. E., Jahangir, T., Livingston, M. D., Komro, K. A., & Woods-Jaeger, B. A. (2025) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-025-05677-7 · Cited by 3
“This delayed association may reflect the development of improved mental health trajectories and decreased psychological distress over time [31].”
Mitigating the Impact of Coronavirus Disease-2019 on Child and Family Behavioral Health: Suggested Policy Approaches
Long, M., Coates, E. E., Price, O. A., & Hoffman, S. B. (2022) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.02.009 · Cited by 3

Authors: Bridge, J. A., Horowitz, L. M., Fontanella, C. A., Sheftall, A. H., Greenhouse, J., Kelleher, K. J., & Campo, J. V.
Affiliations: Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Corresponding author: Bridge, Jeffrey A.
ORCID: Bridge, Jeffrey A.
Horowitz, Lisa M.
Fontanella, Cynthia A.
Sheftall, Arielle H.
Greenhouse, Joel
Kelleher, Kelly J.
Campo, John V.
Venue: JAMA Pediatrics
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2018-07-01
Volume: 172
Issue: 7
Pages: 697
ISSN: 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
2168-6203
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0399
PMC: PMC6137506
OpenAlex: W2803124645
Semantic Scholar: b91b1807ea03601f02887e1c206e530f1c6acf35
Cited by: 342
References: 6
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 28.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH093552)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords: youth suicide, racial disparities, age-specific suicide rates, Black adolescents, White adolescents, adolescent mortality, suicide trends
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Black or African American, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Suicide, United States, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, White People, Health Status Disparities

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Age-Related Racial Disparity in Suicide Rates Among US Youths From 2001 Through 2015

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