The role of masculinity in men's help-seeking for depression: A systematic review
Abstract
Aim Conformity to traditional masculine gender norms may deter men's help-seeking and/or impact the services men engage. Despite proliferating research, current evidence has not been evaluated systematically. This review summarises findings related to the role of masculinity on men's help-seeking for depression.Method Six electronic databases were searched using terms related to masculinity, depression and help-seeking. Titles and abstracts were reviewed and data systematically extracted and examined for methodological quality.Results Of 1927 citations identified, 37 met inclusion criteria. Seventeen (46%) studies reported qualitative research; eighteen (49%) employed quantitative methods, and two (5%) mixed methods. Findings suggest conformity to traditional masculine norms has a threefold effect on men experiencing depression, impacting: i) their symptoms and expression of symptoms; ii) their attitudes to, intention, and, actual help-seeking behaviour; and, iii) their symptom management.Conclusion Results demonstrate the problematic impact of conformity to traditional masculine norms on the way men experience and seek help for depression. Tailoring and targeting clinical interventions may increase men's service uptake and the efficacy of treatments. Future research examining factors associated with men's access to, and engagement with depression care will be critical to increasing help-seeking, treatment uptake, and effectual self-management among men experiencing depression.
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Stigma surrounding male help-seeking frequently serves as a barrier to accessing appropriate health-related supports.
“More generally, similar recommendations have been made in the men’s physical and mental health literature, where stigma surrounding male help-seeking frequently serves as a barrier to accessing appropriate health-related supports [34–36].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
Men's conformity to traditional masculine stereotypes negatively impacts their overall help-seeking behaviors and their choice of treatment type.
“This negatively impacts men’s overall help-seeking behaviors and their choice of treatment type”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Seidler et al., 2016
Psychological flexibility was associated with lower depression/anxiety in this sample.
“Relationships we found with psychological flexibility associated with lower depression/anxiety are consistent with prior prostate cancer research.25”
From Malignancy, masculinities, and psychological distress: Comparisons made between men with testicular cancer and healthy controls (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
In cancer research, masculine self-esteem moderated the relationship between psychological flexibility and distress.
“in cancer research masculine self-esteem moderated the relationship between psychological flexibility and distress, 25”
From Malignancy, masculinities, and psychological distress: Comparisons made between men with testicular cancer and healthy controls (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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- Authors
- Seidler, Z. E., Dawes, A. J., Rice, S. M., Oliffe, J. L., & Dhillon, H. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Seidler, Zac E.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 49
- Pages
- 106-118
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2518948616
- Cited by
- 1,093
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 179 · 2025: 174 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 121 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- masculinity, help-seeking, masculine norms, help-seeking barriers, presenting symptoms, help-seeking intentions, treatment uptake, self-management
- MeSH terms
- Help-Seeking Behavior, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Male, Men, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Young Adult, Masculinity
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